Chapter 8 Notes, Part I Parts of an equation Types of reactions.
Chapter 10 Notes, Part I Parts of an equation Types of reactions.
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Transcript of Chapter 10 Notes, Part I Parts of an equation Types of reactions.
![Page 1: Chapter 10 Notes, Part I Parts of an equation Types of reactions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649ea85503460f94bab6fb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 10 Notes, Part Chapter 10 Notes, Part II
Parts of an equationParts of an equation
Types of reactionsTypes of reactions
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What is a chemical reaction?What is a chemical reaction?
• A chemical reaction is the act of A chemical reaction is the act of changing substances into new changing substances into new substances with new and substances with new and different chemical and physical different chemical and physical properties.properties.
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A Chemical EquationA Chemical Equation• A chemical equation shows what A chemical equation shows what
is going on in a chemical is going on in a chemical reaction.reaction.
• Instead of writing down the Instead of writing down the entire sentence “hydrogen entire sentence “hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form reacts with oxygen to form dihydrogen monoxide (water)”, dihydrogen monoxide (water)”, you could write…you could write…
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2H2 + O22H2O
reactantsreactants
productsproducts
The substances you have before a chemical The substances you have before a chemical reaction occursreaction occurs
The substances you have after a chemical The substances you have after a chemical reaction occursreaction occurs
(found on the left side of the equation)(found on the left side of the equation)
(found on the right side of the equation)(found on the right side of the equation)
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2H2 + O22H2O
subscriptssubscripts
coefficientscoefficients
How many atoms of an element are in a How many atoms of an element are in a compoundcompound
How many substances are in the How many substances are in the reactionreaction
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2H2 + O22H2O
The arrow reads as “produces”, “yields” or “reacts to form”The arrow reads as “produces”, “yields” or “reacts to form”
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Word Equation
• This indicates the reactants and products of chemical reactions.
reactant 1 + reactant 2 → product 1
iron (s) + chlorine (g) → iron(III) chloride (s)
This reads: “Iron and chlorine react to produce iron(III) chloride.”
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Skeleton Equation
• Uses chemical formulas instead of words to identify your reactants and products.
Word: iron (s) + chlorine (g) → iron(III) chloride (s)
Skeleton: Fe (s) + Cl2 (g) → FeCl3 (s)
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Chemical Equation
• A skeleton equation that shows that the number of atoms of each reactant and each product is equal on both sides of the arrow, also called balanced.
Word: iron (s) + chlorine (g) → iron(III) chloride (s)
Skeleton: Fe (s) + Cl2 (g) → FeCl3 (s)
Chemical: 2Fe (s) + 3Cl2 (g) → 2 FeCl3
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4Fe + 3O22Fe2O3
Iron reacts with oxygen gas to produce iron Iron reacts with oxygen gas to produce iron (III) oxide(III) oxide
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Other symbols in an Equation
• (s) = substance is solid• (l) = substance is liquid• (g) = substance is a gas• (aq) = substance is dissolved in
water• = heat• A formula written above or below an
arrow means it is a catalyst (a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up by it.)
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What is:
• The name of something that speeds a reaction, but is not used up?
• The name of what you have before a reaction takes place?
• The symbol for heat?• The number that shows there are more than one
of the entire compound?
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Types of reactions
• There are five types of reactions
– Synthesis– Decomposition– Single replacement– Double replacement– Combustion
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Synthesis Reaction
• A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more elements or compounds combine to form a single substance.
• It will follow the form A + B AB• Example: Fe + S FeS
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Decomposition Reaction
• A decomposition reaction occurs when one substance breaks down into two or more substances.
• It will follow the pattern AB A + B
• Example: CaCO3CaO+CO2
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Single Replacement Reaction
• One element replaces another element in a compound.
• Generally follows the formula:AB + C A + BC
• Example: Mg+Zn(NO3)2Zn+Mg(NO3)2
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Double Replacement Reaction
• The exchange of two positive ions between two reacting compounds, forming two new compounds as a product.
• Generally follows the formula:AB + CD AD + CB
• Example:Na2S+Cd(NO3)2CdS+2NaNO3
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Combustion Reaction
• A compound reacts with oxygen to producing energy as heat and light.
• Most of the time, it is a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen, and the outcome is always carbon dioxide and water
• Follows the form: A + O2 CO2 + H2O
• Example: CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O
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What type of reaction is:
• NaCN + H2SO4 2HCN + Na2SO4
• Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
• 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
• 2H2 + O2 2H2O
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•Tell which of the five types of reactions the following are:
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2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
Single replacement
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Fe + S FeScombination
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Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl AlCl3 + 3NaOH
Double replacement
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CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2Ocombustion
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KClO2 KCl + O2
decomposition
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NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2ODouble replacement
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4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3
combination
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2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2Ocombustion
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H2 + Cl2 2HClcombination
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MgO + 2KF MgF2 + K2ODouble replacement
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Na + Al(NO3)3NaNO3 + AlSingle replacement
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2PbO2 2PbO + 3O2
decomposition
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Ba(CN)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + HCNDouble replacement
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C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2Ocombustion
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4Li + O2 2Li2Ocombination
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2Ag + 2HCl 2AgCl + H2
Single replacement
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2H2O2 2H2O + O2
decomposition
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C2H2 + O2 CO2 + H2Ocombustion
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2HBr H2 + Br2
decomposition
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CrSO4 + 2AgNO3 Cr(NO3)2 + Ag2SO4Double replacement