Chapter 1: Study of Life

Ms. MezzettiLynn English High School

Science Department

Warm up: Write in your journal

What do you expect to learn about in biology?

Biology is the study of _______________.

How would you define life?

1. autotrophs2. biology3. cells4. DNA5. development6. differentiation7. ecology8. ecosystem9. evolution10. evolve11. homeostasis

12.metabolism13.multicellular

organism14. natural selection15. organism16. organ17. photosynthesis18. reproduction19. unicellular

organism20.gene21. heterotroph

Chapter 1 Keywords

Chapter 1 Objectives

List six unifying themes of biology.Explain how organisms get the energy they need to survive.Describe the main difference between the structure of a living thing and that of a nonliving thing.List six characteristics of lifeDescribe the hierarchy in nature from atoms to biosphere

Primordial Earth•Earth is currently theorized to be over 4 billion years old

•The first living organisms were single-celled, unicellular organisms-bacteria

•Unicellular organism later evolved over time to form the diverse life that now exists on Earth today-over 2.5 million different species and yet many more to be classified

Biology is the study of lifeBiology studies:• the microscopic structure

of cells which are the basic unit of life

• The interactions between millions of species-ecology

• The history of life on earth-evolution

THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIMStability and Homeostasis

•All living organisms need to maintain a stable internal environment-this is known as homeostasis• Internal conditions such

as food, water and temperature must be controlled to survive. This is true for all living organisms-unicellular and multicellular

THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIMCell Structure and Function•Cells are the basic unit life - all living organisms are made up of cells•All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, contain DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm-we will learn about all of these •Living organisms can be unicellular such as bacteria and protists or multicellular like plants, fungi and animals•All living organisms are classified as prokaryotes (bacteria) or eukaryotes (all other living organisms)

Cell Structure and Function:unicellular or multicellular?

What is this?

Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIMReproduction and Inheritance

Reproduction – the process by which organisms produce neworganisms like themselves.• DNA – hereditary information.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.• In eukaryotic organisms, DNA is

enclosed within a structure of membrane.• In prokaryotic organisms, DNA exists

as a loop-• Gene – short segment of DNA.

Contains the instructions for development of a single trait.• The DNA in every cell in your body is

exactly identical.

THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Evolution

•Evolution – change over generations.

•Natural Selection – organisms with more favorable traits will be more successful at reproduction.

•Driven by competition for resources

THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Interdependence of Organisms

•Ecology – the interactions of organisms between one another and their environment.

•Ecosystem – is the environmental community

THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Matter, Energy, and Organization

•Photosynthesis – the process by which plants capture energy from the sun and convert it to chemical food.

•Autotrophs – organisms that make their own food.

•Heterotrophs – organisms that get food from the outside environment.

THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Matter, Energy and Organization

• All living organisms need energy to survive.

• Living organisms use different processes to acquire energy- ATP

• Plants use photosynthesis to produce their energy-autotrophs

• Animals depend on other organisms for their energy-heterotrophs

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE-GRROUCH!•To be considered a living organism you must possess

these characteristics we will refer to as GRROUCH:• GROW-all living organisms grow and develop• RESPOND- living organisms need to respond to stimuli to survive• REPRODUCE-living organisms reproduce to produce offspring• ORGANIZED-living organisms are organized matter from atoms to

cells to body systems• USE ENERGY-living organisms need to metabolize energy (ATP)• CELLS-all living organisms are composed of one or more cells• HOMEOSTASIS-all living organisms must maintain a stable internal

environment to survive

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE: GRROUCH

H

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Wrap up

What do we study in biology?Name 6 themes in biologyIdentify 7 characteristics of lifeCan you list the levels of organization in nature from molecules to biosphere?