CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF

LIFELIFE

Section 1.1Section 1.1

What is biology?What is biology?

BioBio = “life” = “life”

Biology is the study of lifeBiology is the study of life

How do living things interact with the How do living things interact with the environment?environment?

How do living things interact with other How do living things interact with other living things?living things?

Biologists also find solutions to Biologists also find solutions to ecologicalecological, , environmentalenvironmental, , medicalmedical problems. problems.

Where have all the bees Where have all the bees gone?gone?

Farming industry relies on Farming industry relies on bees to pollinate their bees to pollinate their crops to generate fruits & crops to generate fruits & vegetablesvegetables

Farming communities in Farming communities in the U.S. have dropped by the U.S. have dropped by 50-70%, 50-70%, colony collapse colony collapse disorderdisorder

Why?Why?

Fungus, weather Fungus, weather changes, predationchanges, predation

Radiation Radiation

Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things

OrganismOrganism = something that displays the = something that displays the characteristics of life, characteristics of life, something that’s something that’s livingliving

All living things:All living things:– Have an orderly structureHave an orderly structure– Produce offspringProduce offspring– Grow and developGrow and develop– Adjust to changes in the environmentAdjust to changes in the environment

Why isn’t a car considered living?Why isn’t a car considered living?

1. Living Things Are Organized1. Living Things Are Organized

OrganizationOrganization occurs inside and outside occurs inside and outside an organisman organism

CellsCells = smallest unit that can perform life = smallest unit that can perform life processesprocesses

UnicellularUnicellular = single celled organism = single celled organism

Multi-cellularMulti-cellular = more than one cell = more than one cell

OrganizationOrganization goes from simple to complex goes from simple to complex

Start with the Start with the (1)(1) Atom Atom

AtomsAtoms make up make up (2)(2) Biomolecules Biomolecules like like proteinsproteins, , fatsfats, , carbohydratescarbohydrates, , DNADNA, , RNARNA

Biomolecules Biomolecules make up make up (3) Organelles(3) Organelles which make up a which make up a (4) Cell(4) Cell

Cells Cells come together to form the come together to form the (5) Tissues(5) Tissues of different of different (6) Organs(6) Organs

OrgansOrgans work together in an work together in an (7) Organ (7) Organ SystemSystem to allow an to allow an (8) Organism (8) Organism to to function.function.

2. Living Things Reproduce2. Living Things Reproduce

ReproductionReproduction = = production of production of offspring, necessary offspring, necessary for the continuation of for the continuation of a a speciesspecies

SpeciesSpecies = a group of = a group of organisms that can organisms that can interbreed and interbreed and produce offspring that produce offspring that can also breedcan also breed

3. Living Things Grow and Develop3. Living Things Grow and Develop

Offspring grow and mature to also be able Offspring grow and mature to also be able to reproduceto reproduce

4. Living Things Can Adjust to Their 4. Living Things Can Adjust to Their SurroundingsSurroundings

HomeostasisHomeostasis = organisms can maintain a = organisms can maintain a stable internal environment even though stable internal environment even though the outside environment is changingthe outside environment is changing– Including Including obtaining and using energyobtaining and using energy, , gas gas

exchange with the environmentexchange with the environment, , temperature temperature controlcontrol, and , and water balancewater balance

StimulusStimulus = something that causes the = something that causes the organism to reactorganism to reactResponseResponse = the reaction to a stimulus = the reaction to a stimulus

Examples (try to identify the Examples (try to identify the stimulusstimulus):):

The body shivers when the temperature The body shivers when the temperature gets coldgets cold

When you turn the lights off your pupils When you turn the lights off your pupils dilate to allow in more lightdilate to allow in more light

Your body produces more insulin when Your body produces more insulin when there’s more glucose in the bloodstreamthere’s more glucose in the bloodstream