Chapter 07 groups and teams in an organization

GROUPS AND TEAMS IN AN ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER-7

AUTHORS:DR. K IRAN NERKARDR. VILAS CHOPDE

A group is the largest set of two or more individuals who are jointly characterised by a network of relevant communications and shared sense of collective identity and one or more shared dispositions with associated normative strength. --- D.H.Smith

A group may be defined as a social phenomenon in which two or more persons decide to interact with one another, share common ideology and perceive themselves as a group. --- Edgar H. Schein

DEFINE GROUP

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Sense of Belongingness Refers to the fact that employees feel satisfied if they get a common

platform where they can share their views, ideas, and feelings. Warmth and Support

Indicates that for any individual, group is the source of support and warmth.

Power Refers to the authority provided by the group to its members.

Security Indicates that an individual feels secure after being a part of a group.

Recognition and Status Refers to the fact that if individuals enjoy high status within the group,

they get respect and recognition from their group members. Proximity

Refers to the closeness or sense of belongingness that group members share with each other. It satisfies the need of affi liation of group members.

NEED OF A GROUP


Formal groupsRefer to the work groups that are

established by the organization for

specific work assignments and

tasks.

Informal groupsRefer to the groups that people form to satisfy their social

needs.

• Secondary Group

• Command Group

• Task group • Committee• Primary Group• Interest Group • Friendship

Group• Reference

Group

TYPES OF GROUPS


Group dynamics is a social process by which people interact face-to-face in small groups.

The features of group dynamics are as follows: Outlines the interaction model within the group Estimates the pressure of other groups Estimates the pressure exerted by members of the group Facilitates decision-making process of the group Measures and increases satisfaction level of group members

GROUP DYNAMICS


Roles Refer to the positions assigned to different members of a group.

Norms Refer to acceptable standards or expectations shared by group

members. The norms may differ from one group to another. Status

Indicates a prestige grading, position, or rank of members within a group.

Free Rider Tendency Refers to a group phenomenon in which individual members

reduce their individual efforts and contributions as the group expands.

Group Cohesiveness Stands for the degree to which group members feel connected

to one another and be a part of the group as a whole.

GROUP PROPERTIES


Group decision-making refers to the process where the group as a whole makes the decision.

Group decision-making is executed with the help of following techniques:

GROUP DECISION-MAKING AND ITS TECHNIQUES


• Refers to a meeting where members interact online to maintain anonymity of comments.

Electronic Meeting

• Refers to a process that encourages members to give ideas and suggestions.

Brainstorming

• Refers to a method of making decisions in which all the members of the group individually give their ideas and suggestions in written form in meetings.

Nominal Group Technique

Groupthink refers to a situation in which members of the group takes wrong decisions because of group pressure.

Groupthink may lead to the following consequences: Limits discussion to only few alternatives Discourages adoption of new ideas Abstains from rethink after making the decision Makes little or no efforts to consult the experts (for getting the

required information) within the organization Ignores the facts that do not support the group Forces the group to agree on a decision made by superiors

Groupshift refers to a phenomenon in which members of a group, while discussing a given set of options, tend to exaggerate the initial position that they hold.

GROUPTHINK AND GROUPSHIFT


A team refers to a formal group comprising interdependent individuals who are responsible for the attainment of common goals.

A team has following features: Provides support to all its team members willingly Promotes collective decision-making Creates an environment of trust and support among team

members Asks suggestions from team members Provides regular feedback to members for improving their

performance Facilitates problem solving opportunities among team

members Requires commitment from team members for the

achievement of organizational goals

CONCEPT OF TEAM


• Makes the team members loyal to each other when they unite to accomplish common organizational objectives.

Sense of Unity

• Refers to increasing the performance of the team.

Performance Enhancement

• Indicates the distribution of work among team members.

Delegation of Work

• Indicates that when people in a team come together from different background for a common purpose then they become more tolerant, open for discussions, and eager to learn.

Increase in Flexibility

IMPORTANCE OF TEAM CULTURE


Functional Team Comprises a manager and his/her subordinates who belong to same functional

area, such as finance department or marketing department. Cross Functional Team

Refers to a team that comprises employees from the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas or departments.

Self-Managed Team Refers to a team that is considered capable enough to handle routine

problems; therefore, does not require to report to its team leader on a daily basis.

Supervised Team Refers to a type of team that works under direct supervision of a manager.

Virtual Team Refers to a team that may not exist physically, yet works with the help of

teleconferencing and videoconferencing. Problem-Solving Team

Refers to a team formed by a few employees from the same department who meet once in a week to solve the work-related problems, such as quality issues.

TYPES OF TEAMS


• Refers to the first stage of team development when the team members are introduced to each other.

Forming

• Refers to a stage in which team members try to know other members of the team.

Storming

• Refers to a stage in which all the disagreements are worked out within the team.

Norming

• Refers to the stage in which team members’ performance is at the maximum and they trust each other completely.

Performing

• Applies to only temporary teams. This is the final stage of team development in which the team dissolves after accomplishing desired goals.

Adjourning

STAGES OF TEAM DEVELOPMENT


Team diversity implies that members of a team belong to diff erent backgrounds.

In today’s competitive and global scenario, team composition in an organization is getting more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, and cultural background.

The factors required for eff ective working of a team are: Clear Goals Relevant Skills Mutual Trust Unified Commitment Good Communication Negotiation Skills Appropriate Leader Internal Support External Support

TEAM DIVERSITY AND EFFECTIVENESS


DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A GROUP AND A TEAM


GROUP TEAM

Emphasizes on the individual accountability

Emphasizes on mutual accountability

Focuses on sharing ideas, information, and perspectives of the members of the group

Focuses on making decisions, discussing various issues, solving problems, or planning for future

Focuses on the goals of individuals Focuses on the collective and common goals of the entire team

Produces the outcomes, such as individual projects or assignments

Produces collective outcome that is achieved by the entire team

Encompasses individual roles, responsibilities, tasks, procedures, or assignments

Encompasses shared roles, responsibilities, tasks, and assignments

Shows individual concern of every member of the work group

Shows no individual concerns; the entire team is responsible for the work as a whole

The concepts of group and team are very crucial for the management of an organization.

A group refers to a collection of two or more individuals who come together to accomplish their common objectives.

A team refers to a set of two or more individuals who come together to realize their pre-determined goals.

The formation of groups and teams plays a very important role in the decision-making process of an organization.

RECAP


Chapter 07 groups and teams in an organization

Education

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