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Responding to Globalization Increased foreign assignments Working with people from different cultures Coping with anti-capitalism backlash Overseeing movement of jobs to countries

with low-cost labor Managing Workforce Diversity

Embracing diversity Changing U.S. demographics Implications for managers

Recognizing and responding to differences

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DomesticDomestic

PartnersPartners

RaceRace

Non-ChristianNon-Christian

NationalNational

OriginOrigin

AgeAge

DisabilityDisabilityGenderGender

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Intense focus on the customer.

Concern for continuous improvement.

Improvement in the quality ofeverything the organization does.

Accurate measurement. Empowerment of employees.

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Quality management (QM)The constant attainment of customer

satisfaction through the continuousimprovement of all organizational processes.

Requires employees to rethink what they do andbecome more involved in workplace decisions. Process reengineering

Asks managers to reconsider how work wouldbe done and their organization structured if

they were starting over. Instead of making incremental changes in

processes, reengineering involves evaluatingevery process in terms of its contribution.

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Improving People Skills

Empowering People

Stimulating Innovation and Change

Coping with Temporariness

Working in Networked Organizations

Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts

Improving Ethical Behavior

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Model

An abstraction of reality.A simplified representationof some real-world

phenomenon.

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x

y

Dependent variable

A response that is affected by an independent variable.

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ProductivityA performance measure thatincludes effectiveness andefficiency.

EffectivenessAchievement of goals.

Efficiency

The ratio of effectiveoutput to the inputrequired to achieve it.

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Absenteeism

The failure to report to work.

Turnover

The voluntary and

involuntary permanentwithdrawal from anorganization.

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Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employees

formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotesthe effective functioning of the organization.

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Job satisfaction

A general attitude toward ones job, the difference

between the amount of reward workers receive and theamount they believe they should receive.

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IndependentIndependentVariablesVariables

Individual-LevelIndividual-Level

VariablesVariables

OrganizationOrganization

System-LevelSystem-Level

VariablesVariables

Group-LevelGroup-Level

VariablesVariables

Independent variableThe presumed cause of some change in the dependentvariable.

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E X H I B I T 18