Ch. 15 IDs

1.) Ellis Island

• What – Immigrant inspection station• Where – New York City, NY• When – 1892-1954• Significance – Major center for immigration

for those travelling across the Atlantic

2.) Angel Island

• What – Immigrant inspection station• Where – San Francisco, CA• When – 1910-1940• Significance - Major center for immigration for

those travelling across the Pacific

3.) Working Man’s Party/Chinese Exclusion Act

• What – Political Party that tried to stop Chinese immigration/law that stopped Chinese immigration

• When – Law was into effect from 1882-1943• Where – WMP was centrally located in CA• Significance – Shows the racial intolerance of

the time period

4.) Skyscraper

• What – Tall, large building• When – Disputed b/w 1870 and 1885• Significance – Changed the layout and look of

urban cities (Leads to birth of modern city)

5.) Urbanization

• What – Process of people moving to and building cities

• Significance – Urbanization leads to a number of problems, which people will then call for reform

6.) Mass Transit Systems

• What – Urban transportation systems including subways, cable cars, trolleys, and elevated trains

• Significance – Allows middle class families to move away from the cities to the suburbs and commute to work

7.) Boll Weevil

• What – Insect that feeds on cotton• Significance – Boll weevil ruins many crops for

southern farmers, causing them to move north and look for jobs in industries

8.) Great Chicago Fire

• What – Fire• Where – Chicago, IL• When – 1885• Significance – – 1.) Destroys nearly 20% of the city, leaving

100,000 homeless– 2.) Causes city officials to create and enforce fire

safety/prevention programs

9.) Nativism

• What – Movement/feeling of hatred towards immigrants and favoritism toward those born within country

• Significance – Movement will lead toward changes in legislation that banned immigration from certain countries

10.) Political Machine

• What – term used to describe a political party that dominates politics on it’s level (city/state/regional)

• Significance – People go along with political machines because the politicians usually provide people with the services that they need

11.) Tammany Hall

• What – Political Machine (Democrat)• Where – New York City, NY• When – 1854-1932• Significance – Greatest example of a political

party in American History

12.) Gilded Age

• What – Term used to describe period in American History that saw great prosperity, industrialization, urbanization, political corruption, and reform

• When – 1870s-1920s• Who – Coined by Mark Twain• Significance – Era in which one sees the birth

of modern America

13.) Horatio Alger

• Who – Famous novelist• Significance – His “rags to riches” novels

helped portray the popular theory of individualism

14.) Social Darwinism

• What – Theory that some cultures/nations are better than others

• Significance – Theory is used as justification for US government and political decisions of the era

15.) Gospel of Wealth

• What – Movement lead by wealthy philanthropists in which they thought it was their duty to make contributions to society

• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Will lead to the creation of

beloved public institutions such as libraries, museums, and theatres

16.) Realism

• What – Cultural movement that focused on portraying society as realistically as possible

• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Portrays social problems to

society, who in turn will call for reform

17.) Mark Twain

• Who – Famous writer• Significance – – 1.) Coins the term “Gilded Age”– 2.) Famous realist and satirist/social critic– 3.) Author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

18.) “Rise of Popular Culture”

• What – Time period in which people living in cities were making more money and had more free time to spend it

• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Leads to new ways to spend

leisure time, including professional sports, vaudeville shows, and saloons

19.) Social Gospel

• What – Christian movement that focused on using Christian principles on making social improvements

• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Credited with starting inner city

missions

20.) Henry George

• Who – Author and early reformer• When – Gilded Age• Significance – His thoughts and ideas will lead

to inspiring a generation of reformers during the Progressive Era

21.) Salvation Army/YMCA

• What – Organizations created in order to help provide for the poor and struggling classes in the inner cities

• Significance – One of the first social welfare programs

22.) Morrill Land Act

• What – Legislation that set land aside for the creation of state colleges

• When – 1862/1890• Significance – – 1.) Expansion of act in 1890 was geared toward

southern states and mid-western states– 2.) Southern states created two colleges (white/black)– 3.) Leads to creation of some of the greater high

education institutions in US

23.) Naturalism

• What – Cultural movement that focused on nature

• Significance – Naturalists challenged technology and reminded people that nature will always prevail over human efforts

24.) Public Education

• What – During this time period, more public schools were created, as well as compulsory school laws

• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Schools taught discipline,

vocational skills, English, history and civics in order to “create” good citizens and workers

25.) Settlement House Movement

• What – Centers created in inner cities that provided services to people such as food and shelter, English classes, classes that taught skills

• When – Gilded Age• Significance – Credited as the birth of social

work