CEE 370 Environmental Engineering PrinciplesEvap - Ppt 100-100 0 EVAPORATION - PRECIPITATION, cm/y...
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CEE 370 Lecture #26 11/8/2019 Lecture #26 Dave Reckhow 1 David Reckhow CEE 370 L#26 1 CEE 370 Environmental Engineering Principles Lecture #26 Water Quality Management IV: Estuaries & Oceans Reading: Mihelcic & Zimmerman, Chapter 7 Reading: Davis & Cornwall, Chapt 5-5 to 5-6 Reading: Davis & Masten, Chapter 9-5 to 9-6 Updated: 8 November 2019 Print version Combined sewer overflows David Reckhow CEE 370 L#26 2 Pg 72, from Fair & Geyer, 1954 CSOs Intended to protect wastewater systems from high flows A major source of contamination in many surface waters
Transcript of CEE 370 Environmental Engineering PrinciplesEvap - Ppt 100-100 0 EVAPORATION - PRECIPITATION, cm/y...
CEE 370 Lecture #26 11/8/2019
Lecture #26 Dave Reckhow 1
David Reckhow CEE 370 L#26 1
CEE 370Environmental Engineering
Principles
Lecture #26Water Quality Management IV:
Estuaries & OceansReading: Mihelcic & Zimmerman, Chapter 7
Reading: Davis & Cornwall, Chapt 5-5 to 5-6Reading: Davis & Masten, Chapter 9-5 to 9-6
Updated: 8 November 2019 Print version
Combined sewer overflows
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Pg 72, from Fair & Geyer, 1954
CSOs Intended to protect
wastewater systems from high flows
A major source of contamination in many surface waters
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Combined Sewer Overflows Most CSOs are in the Northeast
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Combined Sewer Overflows
City # outfallsAgawam 12
Chicopee 40
Erving 1
Holyoke 15
Ludlow 5
Montague 3
Palmer 26
South Hadley 11
Springfield 25
City # outfallsBoston 66
Cambridge 13
Chelsea 5
Fall River 19
Fitchburg 27
Gloucester 4
Haverhill 23
Lawrence 2
Lowell 15
Lynn 4
New Bedford 39
Somerville 12
Taunton 1
Worcester 1
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Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico
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4 Disciplines Geological Oceanography
Structure of the sea floor Chemical Oceanography
Chemical composition and properties of seawater
Physical Oceanography Waves, tides, currents
Biological Oceanography Oceanic life forms
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Physical Characteristics of the Oceans
Pacific 181 714 3,940 11,022Atlantic 107 351 3,293 9,219Indian 74 285 3,870 7,400Total 362 1350 3,729 11,022
Chemical Oceanography
Sea Area Volume Depth (m)(106 km2) (106 km3) ave max
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Regional Oceanography
Wilkinson Basin
Jordan Basin
George’s Basin
George’s Bank
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Composition of sea water
From Johnson et al., 2000
Sediment Types
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Descriptive Oceanography Distribution of t, S and density Currents in the World Oceans Water Masses in the Oceans Use of Chemical Tracers
14C, Tritium, 3He, CFC Age of Water Masses The Ocean Conveyor Belt
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Surface Temperatures
Chemical OceanographyDavid Reckhow 14CEE 370 L#26
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Temperature Distribution
Solar RadiationWaters are colder in Polar regionsWaters are warmer in Equatorial Regions
UpwellingWaters are colder off the Western Coasts
of continents
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Temperature Depth Profiles
Summer FallWinter Spring
Seasonal: North Atlantic
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Temperature Profiles
LOW LATITUDES
10 20
DE
PT
H (
m)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
MID LATITUDES
0 10
HIGH LATITUDES
-5 0 5
MIXED LAYER
MAINTHERMOCLINE
ZONE
WINTER
SEASONALTHERMOCLINE
(SUMMER)
DIC
OT
HE
RM
AL
LA
YE
R
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Growth and Decay of Thermocline
T e m p e ra tu re (o C )
2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6
Dep
th (
m)
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
M A R M A Y
N O V
J A N
J U L Y A U G
S E P T
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Surface Salinity of Ocean Waters
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Salinity Distribution
Precipitation and Melting of Ice1. Salinity is lower in Polar Regions2. Salinity is lower in Equatorial Regions3. Salinity is lower in Estuarine Regions
Evaporation and Freezing1. Salinity is higher in mid-Latitudes2. Salinity is higher in Med. and Red Seas3. Salinity is higher in the Atlantic than the
Pacific
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Salinity vs Evaporation minus Precipitation
LATITUDE
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
SA
LIN
ITY
33
34
35
36
37
Salinity
Evap - Ppt
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0
EV
AP
OR
AT
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- P
RE
CIP
ITA
TIO
N,
cm/y
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Salinity of Ocean Waters
3 3 3 5 3 70
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
3 3 3 5
Dep
th (
m)
S a lin ity
3 4 3 60
5 0 0
H ig hL a t.
L o wa n dM idL a t.
H ig hL a t.
L o wa n dM idL a t.
A tla n tic P a c ific
T ro p ic s
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Temperature in Atlantic Ocean
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Salinity in Atlantic Ocean
Chemical OceanographyDavid Reckhow 24CEE 370 L#26
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Ocean Currents
From Johnson et al., 1992
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Depth profiles Atlantic vs Pacific
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