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    COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

    Sector:INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

    Distinctive Area of Competence and Qualifications:

    COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NCII

    Unit of Competency:CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEM AND NETWORKS

    Module Title:

    CONFIU!IN COM"UT#! S$ST#M AND N#T%O!&S

    General Santos Natonal S!"ool o# Arts an$ Tra$esTon%son St& La%ao & General Santos Ct'

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    HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

    Welcome to the module Configuring Computer Systems and Networks.

    This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

    The unit of competency Configure Computer Systems and Networks

    contains the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Computer Hardware

    Servicing NC.

    !ou are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

    complete each learning outcome of the module. n each learning outcome

    there are nstruction Sheets, you may refer to other reference materials for 

    further reading to help you "etter understand the required activities. #ollow

    these activities on your own and answer the self$check at the end of each

    learning outcome. %et the answer key from your instructor and check your work honestly. f you have questions, please don&t hesitate to ask your 

    facilitator for assistance.

    Re!o%nton o# Pror Learnn% (RPL)

    !ou may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in

    this module "ecause you have'

    "een working for someone

    already completed training in this area

    f you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular 

    skill or skills, talk to him(her a"out having them formally recogni)ed so you

    won&t have to do the same training again. f you have qualifications or 

    Certificates of Competency from previous trainings, show them to your trainer.

    f the skills you acquired are still relevant to this module, they may "ecome

    part of the evidence you can present for *+.

     -t the end of this learning material is a earner&s iary, use this diary to

    record important dates, /o"s undertaken and other workplace events that will

    assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessors. - *ecord of 

     -chievement is also provided for your trainer to complete once you completed

    the module.

    This learning material was prepared to help you achieve the required

    competency in Configuring Computer Systems and Networks. This will "e

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 1 o% 26*evision No.'

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    source of information for you to acquire the knowledge and skills in this

    particular trade independently and your own pace with minimum supervision

    or help from your instructor.

    n doing the activities to complete the requirements of this module, please "eguided "y the following'

    • Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will "oth organi)e the

    training under this module. *ead through the module carefully. t is

    divided into sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to

    successfully complete.

    • Work through all information and complete the activities in each

    section. *ead the information sheets and complete the self$checks

    provided. Suggested references are included to supplement the materials

    provided in this module.

    • 0ost pro"a"ly your trainer will also "e your supervisor or manager.

    He(She is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.

     -sk for help.

    • !our trainer will tell you a"out the important things you need to

    consider when you are completing the activities and it is important that you

    listen and take notes.

    • !ou will "e given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice

    on the /o". 0ake sure you practice your new skills during regular work

    shifts. This way you will improve "oth your speed and memory and also

    your confidence.

    • Talk to more e1perienced work mates and ask for their guidance.

    • 2se self$check questions at the end of each section to test your own

    progress.

    • When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the

    activities outlined in this module.

    •  -s you work through the activities, ask for written feed"ack on your 

    progress. !our trainer keeps feed"ack(pre$assessment reports for this

    reason. When you have completed this learning material and feel

    confident that you had sufficient knowledge and skills, your trainer will

    arrange an appointment with a registered assessor to assess you. The

    results of the assessment will "e recorded in your Competency

     -chievement *ecord.

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 2 o% 26*evision No.'

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    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 3 o% 26*evision No.'

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    "ro'ram( Course ' Co*+,ter Har$-are Ser.!n% NC IIUnit of Competency ' Con#%,re Co*+,ter S'ste* an$ Net-or/sModule Title: ' Con#%,rn% Co*+,ter S'ste* an$ Net-or/s

    INTRODUCTION0

    This module contains information and suggested learning activities onComputer Hardware Servicing . t includes training materials and activitiesfor you to complete.

    Completion of this module will help you "etter understand thesucceeding module on the Maintainin' Computer System and Net)or*s+

    This module consists of 1  learning outcomes. 3ach learning outcomecontains learning activities supported "y each instruction sheets. 4efore you

    perform the instructions read the information sheets and answer the self$check and activities provided to as certain to yourself and your trainer that youhave acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of theparticular learning outcome.

    2pon completion of this module, report to your trainer for assessmentto check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of thismodule. f you pass the assessment, you will "e given a certificate of completion.

    SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES0

    2pon completion of the module you should "e a"le to'

    5 6. +lan and prepare for configuration

    5 7. Configure computer systems and networks

    5 8. nspect and test configured computer systems and networks

    PRE2RE3UISITE0

    •  "C Operation

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 4 o% 26*evision No.'

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    TECHNICAL TERMS

    Network is a communications system connecting two ormore computers.

    To+olo%' map of a network

    Local Area Network- the smallest of the three network types,

    consist of PCs

    connected together within a limited area, such as

    within the same building, oor or department.

    W$e Area Net-or/ 9 network that connects users across large distances,

    and other crosses the geographical "oundaries of cities

    or state.

    Metropolitan Area Network – are network that spans no more

    than 50 miles.

    It is design to connect L!s spanning a town or

    city

    Peer2to2+eer net-or/  9 a network architecture in which driver files and

    printers on every +C can "e availa"le to every other +C

    on the network.

    Internet  a""reviation for internetwork. - set of computer networks

    made up of a large num"er of smaller networks.

    Intranet  set of interconnected networks using the nternet +rotocol

    E2*al  electronic messages we received via internet

    Mo$e*  :Modulator-Demodulator) "he modem is a

    de#ice that allows a gi#en computer to share data

    or otherwise a de#ice which let computers

    e$change information

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 5 o% 26*evision No.'

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    Bl,etoot" wireless connection used to send and receive messages

    LAN Card Local area network interface card.

    NIC !etwork Interface Card % "he PC e$pansion boardthat plug into a personal computer or ser#er and

    works with the network operating system to

    control the ow of information o#er the network.

    Ser.er   any computer that makes access to files, printing,

    communications, or other services availa"le to users of

    the network.

    Workstation is any network computer that connects to and

    re&uest resources from a network

    Pol!es  approach, code, system, guidelines, theory, line

    Protocol refers to the speci'c standards go#erning the

    sending and recei#ing of data.

    Peers mean any computer sharing the same protocol

    layer with another computer.

    Network Server is a powerful computer whose sole purpose is toser#e network clients.

    Network Switc It helps determine how data mo#es o#er

    large networks.

    Network !rid"e di#ides network into smaller, more

    manageable sections helping reduce network

    tra(c.

    Port u# $Port is a connector on the back of a computer or other

    de#ice. port is either a serial port or a parallel

    port.

    Network %u# a hardware de#ice that all PCs on a network are

    connected to by cabling. "he hub manages

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 6 o% 26*evision No.'

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    recei#ing and transmitting data from networked

    ser#ices.

    Stacka#le %u#s work )ust like standalone hubs, e$cept that se#eral

    of them can be *stacked+ connected- together,usually by short lengths of cable.

    Standalone %u#s are single products with a number of ports.

    It is usually

    include some method of linking them to other

    standalone hubs for network e$pansion.

    Active %u#s amplify or boost signals 

    Passive %u#s simply connects #arious cables

    Intelli"ent %u#s select which path a speci'c signal will tra#el

    Modular %u#s are popular in networks because they are easily

    e$panded and always ha#e management option. It

    is purchased as chassis, or card cage, with

    multiple card slots, each of which accepts a

    communication card, or module

    Wireless %u#s are hubs designed for the home

    &epeater a de#ice that strengthen signals and allow then to

    stay clear o#er longer distances.

    %ost any computer whether mainframe, ser#er, or e#en

    PC that acts as an information source on a

    network.

    Main'rame   powerful multiuser computer capable ofsupporting many hundreds or thousands of users

    simultaneously.

    Minicomputer multiuser computer capable of supporting up to

    hundreds of users simultaneously.

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 7 o% 26*evision No.'

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    Microcomputer Personal computer- small, singleuser

    computer based on a microprocessor.

    Laptop computer small, portable computer small enough

    that it can siton your lap.

    Note#ook computer - n e$tremely lightweight personal

    computer that weighs less than / pounds and are

    small enough to 't easily in a briefcase.

    Su# note#ook computer - portable computer that is slightly

    lighter and

    smaller than a fullsied notebook computer.

     "ypically, sub notebook computers ha#e a smaller

    keyboard and screen, but are otherwise e&ui#alent

    to notebook computers.

    PDA  a""reviation for +ersonal igital -ssistant; a tiny pen$

    "ased palm top computer that com"ines fa1, e$mail and

    simple word processing into an easy$to$use unit that fits,

    into pocket.

    So#t-are  an application program or an operating system thatcomputer e1ecute

    Application So'tware - enables you to perform speci'c tasks

    sol#e

    problems, perform work, or entertain yourself.

    (peratin" Sstem *(S)- software that controls the allocation and

    use of programs and data that a computer uses.

    !I(S 1asic Input23utput 4ystem, chip that controls the

    most basic functions of the computer and

    performs a selftest e#ery time you turn it on.

    Moter#oard contains the CP, 1I34, 6emory, mass storage

    interfaces, serial and parallel ports, e$pansion slot

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 8 o% 26*evision No.'

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    and all the controllers re&uired to control standard

    peripheral de#ices such as the display screen,

    keyboard and disk dri#e

    Stora%e Me$a  devices use to store data from the computer.

    USB a""reviation for 2niversal Serial 4us

    +las drive storage de#ice that can retain data without

    electrical power.

    %ard-disk drive is a storage de#ice that stores billions of

    characters of data on a nonremo#able disk.

    ,rapic ta#let ob)ects are drawn using a pen or a puck. "he puck

    is

    technically a tablet cursor, not a mouse.

     o Stick a handheld control stick that allows a player to

    control the mo#ements of a cursor on a computer

    screen or a symbol in a #ideo game.

    Fa4  a""reviation of facsimile; the electronic transmission ofcopies of documents for reproduction at a remote

    location.

    Multimedia is the combination of di7erent types of

    communication media sound, print, #ideo, and so

    on-

    Printer It is a piece of hardware that produces a paper

    copy also known as 8hardcopy9- of theinformation generated by the computer.

    &AM :andom ccess 6emory, is a primary memory.

     "his memory is used inside the computer to hold

    programs and data while it is running.

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 9 o% 26*evision No.'

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    Multitester is an instrument use to measure #oltage, current

    and resistance.

    & ./ is the connector plugged into the !IC ports on

    computers and often connecting the mainnetworking hardware together.

    &outer a de#ice that forwards data packets between Local

    or ;ide rea !etwork groups.

    Scanner it is an input de#ice that read te$t or illustration

    printed on paper, translates the information into a

    form that a computer can use.

    Sound Device Driver Installer $ Sound and Audio Devices –

    windows

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    ,o""les large spectacles, with shields around the rims,

    for protecting the eyes from dust, e$cessi#e light,

    wind, etc.

    %SNS-T Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

    Date Compiled:

    April 10, 2013Date Revied: Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 11 o% 26*evision No.'

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    "ro'ram( Course ' Co*+,ter Har$-are Ser.!n% NC IIUnit of Competency ' Con#%,re Co*+,ter S'ste* an$ Net-or/sModule ' Con#%,rn% Co*+,ter S'ste* an$ Net-or/s

    Learnn% O,t!o*e 6 7

    +lan and prepare for configuration

     -ssessment Criteria' ,ta*en from t-e C.C/

    6. Configured computer systems and networks identified from the=o"(Service 5rder or instructions.

    7. +lanned and prepared /o" requirements.

    8. #ollowed 5HS policies and procedures of /o" requirements.

    >. Checked computer systems and networks configuration with specifiedrequirements.

    ?. Checked necessary tools, equipment materials

    C5NT5NS' ,ta*en from t-e C.C/

    The students(trainees must "e provided with the following'

    6. 5H < S policies and procedures$ 5H < S policies$ manuals

    7. Computer systems and networks$ 6 Server  $ +eripherals$ 6 esktop Computer 

    8. 0aterials$ Wires and Ca"les$ -ppropriate Software$ Computer Storage 0edia

    >. Tools$ +liers$ +hilips screw driver 

    ?. 3quipment(testing devices$ Computer  

    @. +ersonal protective equipment$ -nti$static wrist Strap

    earning -ctivity Type of Competency' C5*3 C50+3T3NC!

    0odule' C5N#%2*N% C50+2T3* S!ST30S -NN3TW5*AS

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

    April 10, 2013

    Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 12 o% 26*evision No.'

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    5.6' +lan and +repare for Configuration

    LEARNING E8PERIENCES

    LEARNING ACTIVITIES SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

    • *ead information sheet 7.6$6 B5H

    < S +olicies and +rocedure at

    workplace.• Watch Dideo Clip(s

    • +erform self check 7.6$6

    • Compare your answers with the

     -nswer Aey 7.6$6

    • o the assignment 7.6$6

    • *ead information sheet 7.6$7

    BS5+ for computers.

    • +erform self check 7.6$7

    • Compare your answers with the

     -nswer Aey 7.6$7.

    *ead information sheet 7.6$8BSafety +recaution

    • +erform self check 7.6$8

    • Compare your answers with the

     -nswer Aey 7.6$8

    • *ead information sheet 7.6$>

    BWhat is Server, +eripherals andesktop Computer

    • Watch Dideo +resentation

    • +erform self check 7.6$>

    • Compare your answers with the

     -nswer Aey 7.6$>

    • !ou may discuss nformation sheet

    7.6$6 with your peers for "etter

    understanding• +lay Dideo with a filename B5H

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    • o the assignment 7.6$>   • Su"mit the assignment to your trainer 

    for checking and discussion

    • *ead information sheet 7.6$?

    B0aterials Needed in ConfiguringComputer Systems and Networks

    • +erform self check 7.6$?

    • Compare your answers with the

     -nswer Aey 7.6$? 

    • *ead information sheet 7.6$@ BThe

    2se of Tools, 3quipment andTesting evices in Configuring

    Computer Systems and Networks• +erform self check 7.6$@

    • Compare your answers with the

     -nswer Aey 7.6$@

    • +erform Task Sheet 7.6$@

    • . *epeat the self check if you have

    wrong answers.

    • . *epeat the self check if you have

    wrong answers.

    • 3valuate your work using the

    +erformance Criteria Checklist7.6$@

    In#or*aton S"eet 9:727

    OH 5 S Pol!es an$ Pro!e$,re at t"e Wor/+la!e

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

    April 10, 2013

    Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 14 o% 26*evision No.'

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    Learnn% O;

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    Safety is the state of "eing safe :from #rench sauf F, the condition of "eing protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political,emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error , accidents, harm or any other event

    which could "e considered non$desira"le. Safety can also "e defined to "ethe control of recogni)ed ha)ards to achieve an accepta"le level of risk. Thiscan take the form of "eing protected from the event or from e1posure tosomething that causes health or economical losses. t can include protectionof people or of possessions.

    Healt"

    Health is the level of functional and(or meta"olic efficiency of a living"eing. n humans, it is the general condition of a person in mind, "ody and

    spirit, usually meaning to "eing free from illness,  in/ury or pain :as in B'ood -ealt- or B-ealt-y F. The World Health 5rgani)ation :WH5F defined health inits "roader sense in 6I>@ as a state of complete physical, mental, and socialwell$"eing and not merely the a"sence of disease or infirmity. -lthough thisdefinition has "een su"/ect to controversy, in particular as having a lack of operational value and the pro"lem created "y use of the word complete, itremains the most enduring.J>K Classification systems such as the WH5 #amilyof nternational Classifications, which is composed of the nternationalClassification of #unctioning, isa"ility and Health :C#F and the nternationalClassification of iseases :CF, are commonly used to define and measurethe components of health.

    3,alt' o# l#e

    The term 0uality of life  is used to evaluate the general well$"eing of individuals and societies. The term is used in a wide range of conte1ts,including the fields of international development, healthcare, and politics.Luality of life should not "e confused with the concept of standard of living,which is "ased primarily on income. nstead, standard indicators of the qualityof life include not only wealth and employment, "ut also the "uilt environment,physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social

    "elonging.

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

    April 10, 2013

    Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 16 o% 26*evision No.'

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Functioning,_Disability_and_Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Functioning,_Disability_and_Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_livinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Functioning,_Disability_and_Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Functioning,_Disability_and_Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_living

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    Co*+,ter Healt" an$ Sa#et'

    The Law 

    The num"er of computers in the workplace has increased rapidly over thelast few years and it is now quite normal for most staff in voluntaryorgani)ations to "e e1posed to computer usage. The Health and Safety atWork -ct lays down legal standards for computer equipment and requiresemployers to take steps to minimi)e risks for all workers. Workers havereceived su"stantial damages for in/uries caused through use of computerswhere the employer could have foreseen the risk "ut did nothing a"out it. Themain regulations covering the use of computer equipment include'

    • Health < Safety :isplay Screen 3quipmentF *egulations 6II7 

    • 0anagement of Health < Safety at Work *egulations 6II7 

    • +rovision and 2se of Work 3quipment *egulations 6II7 

    • Workplace :Health, Safety and WelfareF *egulations 6II7 

    mproving health and safety practice should "e taken seriously, although it need nottake much time or e1pense. 0easures students should take include'

    • 2nderstanding the law $ make sure someone in your organi)ation has a

    health and safety "rief covering all areas, not /ust computers.

    • 4eing aware of the health risks $ the government officially recogni)es some of

    the risks although there are some grey areas youGll need to make up your ownmind a"out.

    •  -ssessing the risks $ using procedures set out in the law $ "e systematic and

    get help if you need it. %et a health and safety audit done "y a competentorgani)ation if necessary.

    • Taking steps to minimi)e the risks $ this may only involve taking simple

    measures.

    • Training all users to recogni)e the risks $ if people arenGt aware of the dangersthey canGt take adequate precautions to protect their health.

    • Taking users views seriously $ if users feel there is something wrong there

    often is.

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

    April 10, 2013

    Document No!:

    Configure Computer System and NetworksCompiled "#: Iued "#:

    $age 17 o% 26*evision No.'

    http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19922792_en_1.htmhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19922051_en_1.htmhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19922932_en_1.htmhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19923004_en_1.htmhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19922792_en_1.htmhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19922051_en_1.htmhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19922932_en_1.htmhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19923004_en_1.htm

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    The Risks

    With the increase in computer use, a num"er of health and safetyconcerns related to vision and "ody aches and pains have arisen. 0anypro"lems with computer use are temporary and can "e resolved "y adopting

    simple corrective action. 0ost pro"lems related to computer use arecompletely preventa"le. However it is important to seek prompt medicalattention if you do e1perience symptoms including'

    • continual or recurring discomfort

    • aches and pains

    • thro""ing

    • tingling

    • num"ness

    • "urning sensation

    • or stiffness

    Seek help even if symptoms occur when you are not working at your computer.

    aptop computers can present particular pro"lems due to small screens,

    key"oards and in"uilt pointing devices :e.g. a small porta"le mouse or touchpadF. +rolonged use of laptops should "e avoided. f using a laptop as amain computer :i.e. use as a normal desktop computer in addition to use as aporta"leF, it is advisa"le to use the laptop with a docking station. This allowsan ordinary mouse, key"oard and monitor  to "e used with the laptop. Themain risks associated with using computers include'

    • 0usculoskeletal pro"lems

    • 3ye strain and a greater awareness of e1isting eye pro"lems

    *ashes and other skin complaints have also "een reported, although it isthought these are caused "y the dry atmosphere and static electricityassociated with display units rather than "y the display units themselves.There are potential risks from radiation though this is a contentious area.

    MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS

    These can range from general aches and pains to more serious pro"lems andinclude'

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

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    http://www.ictknowledgebase.org.uk/index.php?id=glossary&glossary_id=45&tx_a21glossary%5Bback%5D=healthandsafety&cHash=b8c1232861http://www.ictknowledgebase.org.uk/index.php?id=glossary&glossary_id=45&tx_a21glossary%5Bback%5D=healthandsafety&cHash=b8c1232861

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    • 2pper lim" disorders such as repetitive strain in/ury :*SF tenosynovitis andcarpal tunnel syndrome $ "y far the most important as it can quickly lead topermanent incapacity

    • 4ack and neck pain and discomfort

    • Tension stress headaches and related ailments

    These types of pro"lem can "e caused "y'

    • 0aintaining an unnatural or unhealthy posture while using the computer

    • nadequate lower "ack support

    • Sitting in the same position for an e1tended period of time

    •  -n ergonomically poor workstation set up

    #$# ST!AIN 

    Computer users can e1perience a num"er of symptoms related to vision including'

    • Disual fatigue

    • 4lurred or dou"le vision

    • 4urning and watering eyes

    • Headaches and frequent changes in prescriptionglasses

    Computer work hasnGt "een proven to causepermanent eye damage, "ut the temporarydiscomfort that may occur can reduce productivity,cause lost work time and reduce /o" satisfaction.

    3ye pro"lems are usually the result of visualfatigue or glare from "right windows or strong lightsources, light reflecting off the display screen or poor display screen contrast.

    +revention is "etter than cure.

    Several relatively straightforward precautions can "e taken "ycomputer users to avoid pro"lems.

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    AVOIDING MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS

    %eneral precautions to avoid musculoskeletal pro"lems include'

    • Taking regular "reaks from working at your computer $ a few minutes at least

    once an hour

    •  -lternating work tasks

    • *egular stretching to rela1 your "ody

    • 2sing equipment such as footrests, wrist rests and document holders if you

    need to

    • Aeeping your mouse and key"oard at the same level

    •  -voiding gripping your mouse too tightly $ hold the mouse lightly and click

    gently

    • #amiliari)e yourself with key"oard shortcuts for applications you regularly use

    :to avoid overusing the mouseF

    t is also important to have your workstation set up correctly. !our workstation includes monitor, key"oard, mouse, seating, desk, and whereappropriate, footrest :to ena"le you to put your feet flat if they would otherwisenot reach the floorF, wrist rest, and document holder. 0onitors should'

    • Swivel, tilt and elevate $ if not use an ad/usta"le stand, "ooks or "locks ad/ust

    the height

    • 4e positioned so the top line of the monitor is no higher than your eyes or nolower than 7M "elow the hori)on of your eyes or field of vision

    • 4e at the same level and "eside the document holder if you use one

    • 4e "etween 6O to 7> inches away from your face

    Aey"oards should'

    • 4e detacha"le and ad/usta"le :with legs to ad/ust angleF

    •  -llow your forearms to "e parallel to the floor without raising your el"ows

    •  -llow your wrists to "e in line with your forearms so your wrists does not needto "e fle1ed up or down

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

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    http://www.ictknowledgebase.org.uk/news.php?id=250http://www.ictknowledgebase.org.uk/news.php?id=250

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    • nclude enough space to rest your wrists or should include a paddeddetacha"le wrist rest :or you can use a separate gel wrist rest which should"e at least ?M mm deepF

    • 4e placed directly in front of the monitor and at the same height as the

    mouse, track "all or touch pad

    Chairs should'

    • Support the "ack $ and have a vertically ad/usta"le independent "ack rest thatreturns to its original position and has tilt ad/ustment to support the lower "ack

    •  -llow chair height to "e ad/usted from a sitting position

    • 4e ad/usted so the "ack crease of the knee is slightly higher than the pan of the chair :use a suita"le footrest where necessaryF

    • 4e supported "y a five prong caster "ase

    • Have remova"le and ad/usta"le armrests

    • Have a contoured seat with "reatha"le fa"ric and rounded edges to distri"utethe weight and should "e ad/usta"le to allow the seat pan to tilt forward or "ack

    Ta"les and desks should'

    • +rovide sufficient leg room and prefera"ly "e height ad/usta"le

    • Have enough room to support the computer equipment and space for 

    documents

    • 4e at least IMM mm deep

    • Have rounded corners and edges

    *3#3*3NC3S'nternet

    Dictorian Work Cover -uthority, ettin' Started )it- %or*place

    1ealt- and Safety ,

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    http'((www.worksafe.vic.gov.au(info(PPdata(assets(pdfPfile(MM6?(76O77(%SP+olicies.pdf , -ccessed' -pril 6M, 7M68

    http://www.wrla.org/images/PDFs/Health_and_Safety_Manual_Sampl

    e.pdf , Aessed: !anuary ", #$%&

      0aga)ines

      =oanna Weekes, QR -dvantages of Having 3ffective Workplace

    Health and Safety +rocedures and +olicies&, 1ealt- and Safety 

    Ma'a2ine3 =anuary 7M68, volume 6M, pp. 6$6M

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

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    http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/info/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/21822/GS_Policies.pdfhttp://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/info/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/21822/GS_Policies.pdfhttp://www.wrla.org/images/PDFs/Health_and_Safety_Manual_Sample.pdfhttp://www.wrla.org/images/PDFs/Health_and_Safety_Manual_Sample.pdfhttp://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/info/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/21822/GS_Policies.pdfhttp://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/info/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/21822/GS_Policies.pdfhttp://www.wrla.org/images/PDFs/Health_and_Safety_Manual_Sample.pdfhttp://www.wrla.org/images/PDFs/Health_and_Safety_Manual_Sample.pdf

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    Sel# C"e!/ 9:727OH 5 S Pol!es an$ Pro!e$,re at t"e Wor/+la!e

    irection' *ead the questions carefully and choose the "est answer. Write only the

    letter on the space provided. PPPPPPPP 6. 5H < S stands for

    a. 5ccupation Houses and Street

    ". 5ccupation Health and Safety

    c. 5ffice Health and Safety

     PPPPPPPP 7.t is used to evaluate the general well$"eing of individuals and societies.

    The term is used in a wide range of conte1ts

    a. Safety

    ". Health

    c. Luality of life

     PPPPPPPP 8. t is the level of functional and(or meta"olic efficiency of a living "eing.

    n humans, it is the general condition of a person in mind, "ody and spirit, usually

    meaning to "eing free from illness, in/ury or pain

    a. Safety

    ". Health

    c. Luality of life

     PPPPPPPP >. t is the condition of "eing protected against physical, social, spiritual,

    financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types

    or consequences of failure, damage, error , accidents, harm or any other event which

    could "e considered non$desira"le

    a. Safety

    ". Health

    c. Luality of life

     PPPPPPPP ?. The area concerned with protecting the safety, health  and  welfare of 

    people engaged in work or employment

    a. cross$disciplinary

    ". $ disciplinary

    c. 5H < S disciplinary

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinarity

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    ANSWER KEY 9:727

    6. "7. c

    8. "

    >. a

    ?. a

    Computer Hardware Servicing NC IIDate Compiled:

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