Catholic Church was the sole Christian church Dissent about the level of corruption in church In...
-
Upload
amie-newton -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Catholic Church was the sole Christian church Dissent about the level of corruption in church In...
Catholic Church was the sole Christian church
Dissent about the level of corruption in church
In 1517, German monk and professor Martin Luther nailed
his list of complaints, known as the 95 Theses, to the Ausburg Cathedral
Religious battleground-Led to Protestantism (non-Catholic religious branch)
Indulgences-buying way into heaven?
Bible was the only true authority, not Pope
Church was elitist-everything in Latin
Catholic priests breaking vows and fathering illegitimate children-- who were then given special titles in the church
Countries that were Christian the shortest length of time-turned ProtestantGermany, Scandinavia, and the Netherlands
Countries with longer Christian traditions remained CatholicSpain, Italy, Portugal, and Poland
Luther thought Artwork was distractingReligious art would lead to idolatry
Started huge iconoclasm againProtestants would storm churches and destroy
paintings and sculptures of holy figures
Catholics thoughtArt was a visual aid in communicating with God
Artists in the middle
Iconoclasm
Art in Protestant countries had to diversify because religious art not as popularGenre paintingHistory paintingLandscape paintingPortrait painting
Growing importance of Book Illustration and Graphic Arts-small and private devotionals
3
Created for the Monastic hospital order Saint Anthony’s Monastery in Isenheim. Specialized in skin disease known as St.
Anthony’s Fire/Ergotism-disease from eating rye flour with fungus
Plague spreading through Germany
Expresses torment and hope4 layers of painted surfaces- two sets of folding
wings, like a cupboard, enclosing the final altarpiece, which consists of 3 carved wooden statues of saints.
predella
1st pair of wings on Crucifixion and lamentation (predella).
2nd pair with the Resurrection and Healing.
Saint Anthony and Saint Sebastian were associated with suffering and healing.
Images served as warnings; encouraged devotion from the monks and hospital patients; offered hope to the afflicted.
Intensified the contrasts of horror and hope by subtle tones and soft harmonies.
This small woodcut expresses the doctrinal differences between Catholicism and Protestantism
Split in two by the image of a tree.Left side=Last Judgment: Christ, Adam and Eve,
Moses. Shows Luther’s belief that no matter how hard humans try to follow the 10 commandments they will fail
Right Side-message that Christ’s sacrifice provided the grace necessary for salvation. No good works could earn salvation it was Christ’s gift.
It was made to be printed and distributed for use as a teaching tool
“Leonardo of the North”
Elevated artist status from craftsman to near prince
Diverse interests, cultured gentleman
Embraced High Renaissance love of symmetry, proportion, and scientific study
First to use PRINTMAKING as a major medium in art
First artist to do multiple self portraits
1st painting, shows his influence of Leonardo. Set up like the Mona Lisa. His features are idealized and softened
Durer greatly admired Leonardo.
Durer paints himself in a Christ-like pose, reminiscent of Byzantine icons, indicating the exalted status of the artist (not to mention his high opinion of himself).
Artwork on paper
Make one master, print multiple artworks
Full set of prints known as an edition
Relief
Printing press was invented in Germany in the 1400’s-more use for illustrative graphic work
WoodcutTypically work in reversed negativeCut away what you don’t want to printPrints in opposite directionOften look primitive
Intaglio (Engraving and Dry Point)Work on a metal plate with a burinScratch in drawing or burn/etch lines often using
acidLines take inkPrints in opposite direction
End of the worldWeapons-
Famine (scales)War (sword)Death (pitchfork)Pestilence (bow)
Depicts Durer’s studies of the Vitruvian theory of human proportions, a theory based on arithmetic ratios.
Idealized body types of a classical God and Goddess.
Contrapposto stance.
Uses cross-hatching to create modeling.
Gnarled bark of trees and feathery leaves makes the scene along with the creatures underneath.
Cat, elk, rabbit, and ox all represent humanity’s temperaments- coexisting together
Tension between the cat and mouse is symbolic of the crucial moment between Adam and Eve, of the fall of man.
The cat=devil pouncing on humanity.
It’s the moment just seconds before their fall from grace. The branches are already covering their nudity- as if they know what’s getting ready to happen.
Durer created works that expressed his support of Luther.
John and Peter appear on the left panel, Mark and Paul on the right.
The individuality and detail of their attire and attributes communicate an integrity and spirituality.
Reading from the Bible, the single authoritative source of religious truth, according to Luther.
Quotations on frames from each of the Four Apostle’s books in the Luther’s German translation of the New Testament.
The excerpts warn of perilous times and in false prophets who will distort God’s word.
Holbein was the court painter for Henry 8th and is known as the greatest portraitist ever. German but moved to England
The educated backgrounds of the men are seen by the things on the table
Anamorphic skull-you can’t escape death
Different personalities of men are shown
Reflects the northern tradition of close realism
Legend says that he was a great loving person and a hero to many.
Worldly, decked out in silk and brocades.
Wears a gold medallion of the Order of Saint Michael and holds a dagger
Portrayed as very suave and confident.
Painting is carefully detailed, but has flattening of features and disproportionate size of the head to the body--Mannerist characteristics
Overall horizontal emphasis
Roman arcading at bottom
Tympanum over projecting bay
French: pitched roof, long windows
Italian: pediments, pilasters on bases
Marrying of French and Italian