THE REFORMATION 1517
description
Transcript of THE REFORMATION 1517
THE REFORMATIONTHE REFORMATION15171517
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHCHURCH• Dominates religious life in
Northern and Western Europe by the 10th Century
CAUSES!CAUSES!
Social Causes:Social Causes:
• Renaissance values of HUMANISM and SECULARISM led people to question the church
• The PRINTING PRESS helped to spread ideas critical of the church
Political CausesPolitical Causes
• Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe
• Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority
Economic CausesEconomic Causes
• European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth
• Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church
Religious CausesReligious Causes
• Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt
• Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable
Indulgence = PardonIndulgence = Pardon
• Catholic Church officials sell “Indulgences”
• Sinners were released from performing penalties that a priest imposed for sins
• “Buy way into heaven”
Martin Luther 1483-1546Martin Luther 1483-1546
• Monk & Teacher at the University of Wittenberg in German state of Saxony
95 Theses95 Theses
• Luther writes 95 formal statements (Theses) attacking the “pardon-merchants”
• Posts statements on the door of the castle in Wittenberg and invited scholars to debate him.
• Theses are printed and distributed through Germany
• Begins the Protestant Reformation – a movement of religious reform.
Martin Luther 1483-1546Martin Luther 1483-1546
• Monk & Teacher at the University of Wittenberg in German state of Saxony
Edict of WormsEdict of Worms
• Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther in 1520
• Holy Roman Emperor Charles V calls Luther to Worms in 1521 orders Luther to recant. Luther refuses
• Charles issues the Edict of Worms declaring Luther an outlaw and heretic. Books are to be burned.
• Luther is sheltered by his followers –• “Lutherans”
Europe after the Reformation