CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATESIs an organic compound

glucose

is the building blockof carbohydrates

Importance of carbohydrates:

CHIEF SOURCE OF ENERGY

Types of Carbohydrates:

monosaccharide

disaccharide

polysaccharide

monosaccharide

monosaccharide

C6H12O6

Simple sugars that consist s only one (1) sugar molecule

Under monosaccharide:1. Glucose2. Fructose3. Galactose

monosaccharide

1. Glucose

Blood sugar; most important sugar in the bodies of both vertebrates and invertebrates

monosaccharide

2. Fructose

Corn sugar; sweetest form of sugar commonly found in fruits

monosaccharide

3. Galactose

Simplest sugar found in milk

disaccharide

disaccharide

C12H22O11

Pair of monosaccharide unitsGlucose + monosaccharide unit = disaccharide

Under disaccharide:1. Sucrose2. Lactose3. Maltose

disaccharide

1. Sucrose

Table sugar; glucose + fructose

disaccharide

2. Lactose

Milk sugar; glucose + galactose

disaccharide

3. Maltose

Malt sugar; glucose + glucose

polysaccharide

polysaccharide

Consists of chains of monosaccharide and disaccharide

Under polysaccharide:1. Starch2. Glycogen3. Cellulose

polysaccharide

1. Starch

Storage of glucose for plants

polysaccharide

2. Glycogen

Storage of excess sugar in animals; stored in liver and muscles

polysaccharide

3. Cellulose

Structural support of plants; known as “fiber”

Additional info:

monomer: a molecule that may react chemically to another molecule to form polymer; the simplest unit; repeating unit of polymer

polymer: a compound made up of several repeating units (monomer)

enzyme: speeds up chemical reaction