Busbar configuarations

PREPARED BYGOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU

ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)

BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTSSINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM.SINGLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM.SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM.DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM.ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM1. 3CTs METHOD2. 4CTs METHOD3. 5CTs METHOD4. 6CTs METHODONE & HALF BREAKER WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

FEEDER1

MAIN BUSBAR

FEEDER2

T/F-1 T/F-2

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

BAY1BAY2

BAY3 BAY4

BAY5BAY6

SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

MAIN BUSBAR

3

1-89

1-52 CB

1-CT

1-89 L

LINE-1

3

2-89

2-52 CB

2-CT

2-89 T

T/F-1

3

4-89

4-52 CB

4-CT

4-89 T

T/F-2

3

3-89

3-52 CB

3-CT

3-89 L

LINE-2

SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

1. In case of bus fault or bus bar isolator fault or maintenance Total Substation is out of service.

2. In case of maintenance of transformer circuit breaker the associated transformer has also to be shut-down. Similarly for Line also.

1. Simple in Design2. Easy Maintenance3. Less Expenditure4. Good Appearance

DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

FEEDER1

MAIN BUSBAR

FEEDER2

T/F-1 T/F-2

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

BAY1BAY2

BAY3 BAY4

BAY5BAY6

CB SECTIONALISER


BUS-1

3

1-89

1-52 CB

1-CT

1-89 L

LINE-1

3

2-89

2-52 CB

2-CT

2-89 T

T/F-1

3

5-89

5-52 CB

5-CT

5-89 T

T/F-2

3

4-89

4-52 CB

4-CT

4-89 L

LINE-2

BUS-2

3 3

3-89 A 3-52 CB

3A-CT

3-89 B

3B-CT

BUS SECTIONALISER

In this, Main Bus is divided into two sections with

a Circuit Breaker and isolators in between the

adjoining sections. One complete section can be

taken out for Maintenance without disturbing the

continuity of other section. Even if a fault occurs

on one section of the Bus, that faulty section

along will be isolated while the other section

continues to be in service.


SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

FEEDER1

BUS-1

TRANSFER BUS

FEEDER2

TRA

NSF

ER B

US

CO

UPL

ER

T/F-1 T/F-2

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

BAY1 BAY2 BAY3 BAY4 BAY5 BAY6 BAY7


1-89A

1-52 CB

1-CT

1-89 L

LINE-1

3 3 3 3

3

1-89 B

2-89A

2-52 CB

2-CT

2-89 T

2-89 B

T/F-1

3-89A

3-52 CB

3-CT

3-89 B

4-89A

4-52 CB

4-CT

4-89 L

4-89 B

LINE-2

5-89A

5-52 CB

5-CT

5-89 T

5-89 B

T/F-2

MAIN BUSBAR

AUX BUS

TR

AN

SFE

R B

US

CO

UPL

ER


With this arrangement, all the feeders are normally on the Main Bus Bar. If at any time, a Line Circuit Breaker Maintenance is required, that particular feeder, can be transferred on to the Transfer Bus. The feeder protection thus gets transferred to trip Transfer Bus Coupler Breaker. On fault occurrence or maintenance, entire bus becomes de-energised.Salient features:-Only one Circuit at a time can be transferred on the Transfer Bus.For Maintenance or on fault occurrence, total Bus becomes dead.

DOUBLE MAIN BUS SYSTEM

FEEDER1

BUS-2

BUS-1

FEEDER2

T/F-1 T/F-2

BU

S C

OU

PLER

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

BAY1 BAY2 BAY3 BAY4 BAY5 BAY7 BAY8

DOUBLE MAIN BUS SYSTEM

1-89 A

1-89 B

3

1-52 CB

1-CT

1-89 L

LINE-1

2-89 A

2-89 B

3

2-52 CB

2-89 T

T/F-1

3

T/F-2

3

LINE-2

3

32-CT

5-89 A

5-89 B

5-52 CB

5-89 T

5-CT

4-89 A

4-89 B

4-52 CB

4-89 L

4-CT

3-89 A

3-89 B

3A-CT

3B-CT

3-52 CB

BUS -1

BUS -2

BU

S C

OU

PLE

R

DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM

Salient features:-

This has got flexibility of transferring any Circuit to any of the Bus.

For Maintenance or on fault occurrence on one Bus, then only that Bus becomes dead, while the other Bus remains in service.

For Maintenance of a Circuit Breaker, that particular Circuit has to be taken out of service.

To overcome this, an additional bypass isolator is provided as indicated in figure below.

DOUBLE MAIN BUS & CB BYPASS ISO SYSTEM

FEEDER1

BUS-2

BUS-1

T/F-1

BU

S C

OU

PLER

FEEDER2

T/F-2

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

BAY1 BAY2

BAY3

BAY4

BAY5

BAY6 BAY7

WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR PREVENTIVE MAINTANENCE THEN ALL OTHER FEEDERS SHIFTED TO ANOTHER BUS OF FAULTED CB BUS AND CLOSE THE BYPASS ISOLATOR, THEN PROTECTION IS SHIFTED TO BUS COUPLER AND OPEN THE FAULTY CB.

DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

FEEDER1

BUS-2

BUS-1

FEEDER2

TRA

NSF

ER B

US

CO

UPL

ER

T/F-1 T/F-2

BU

S C

OU

PLER

TRANSFER BUS

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

BAY1 BAY2BAY3 BAY4 BAY5

BAY6 BAY7 BAY8


1-89 A

1-89 B

1-52 CB

1-CT

1-89 L

LINE-1

5-89 C1-89 C 2-89 C

T/F-1

3

3

3-89 A

3-89 B

3A-CT

3B-CT

3-52 CBBUS -1

BUS -2

BU

S C

OU

PLE

R

3

2-89 A

2-89 B

2-52 CB

2-CT

2-89 T

3

4-89 A

4-89 B

4-52 CB

4-CT

4-89 C

3

5-89 A

5-89 B

5-52 CB

5-CT

5-89 L

LINE-2

3

6-89 A

6-89 B

6-52 CB

1-CT

6-89 T

T/F-2

3

6-89 C

AUX BUS TRANSFERBUS COUPLER

This is combination of Main and Transfer Bus and Double Bus Arrangement.

Salient features:-

This has got flexibility of transferring any Circuit to any of the Main Buses.

For Maintenance or any fault occurrence on a Bus, Particular Bus only becomes dead, while the other Bus continues to be in service.

Any Circuit Breaker can be taken out for Maintenance by transferring that circuit to Transfer Bus, and transferring its Protection to Transfer Bus Coupler Circuit Breaker.


DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

FEEDER1

BUS-2

BUS-1

T/F-1 T/F-2

FEEDER2

BAY1 BAY3 BAY6 BAY8

BU

S C

OU

PLER

BAY2

BU

S C

OU

PLER

BAY7BAY4

BAY5

BUS SECTIONALISER

This is an improvement over the double bus bar arrangement. For maintenance or an occurrence of a fault, only one section of the faulty bus only becomes dead while the rest continues to be in service.

DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

1-89 A

1-89 B

3

1-52 CB

1-CT

1-89 L

LINE-1

3-89 A

3-89 B

3

3-52 CB

3-89 T

T/F-1

2-89 A

2-89 B

2-52 CB

2A-CT 3

32B-CT5-89 A

5-89 B

3

5-52 CB

5-CT

5-89 L

LINE-2

7-89 A

7-89 B

3

7-52 CB

7-89 T

T/F-2

6-89 A

6-89 B

6-52 CB

6A-CT 3

36B-CT

3 3

4-89 B 4B-52 CB

4B-CT

4-89 D

4D-CT

BUS SECTIONALISER

3 3

4-89 A 4A-52 CB

4A-CT

4-89 C

4C-CT

3-CT 7-CT

BUS -1

BUS -2

BUS -3

BUS -4

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM(I-CONFIGUARATION)

FEEDER2 FEEDER4 FEEDER6 FEEDER8 FEEDER10 FEEDER12


BUS-2

BUS-1

BA

Y1B

AY2

BA

Y3

BA

Y4B

AY5

BA

Y6

BA

Y7B

AY8

BA

Y9

BA

Y10

BA

Y11

BA

Y12

BA

Y13

BA

Y14

BA

Y15

BA

Y16

BA

Y17

BA

Y18

DIA1 DIA2 DIA3 DIA4 DIA5 DIA6

BUS-2

BUS-1



BA

Y1

BAY2

BA

Y3

BA

Y4

BAY5

BA

Y6

BA

Y7

BAY8

BA

Y9

BA

Y10

BAY11B

AY1

2

BA

Y13

BAY14

BA

Y15

BA

Y16

BAY17

BA

Y18

DIA1

DIA2

DIA3

DIA4

DIA5

DIA6

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM (D-CONFIGUARATION)

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

3 CTs METHOD

4 CTs METHOD

6 CTs METHOD

6 CTs METHOD

LINE

LINE

LINE

LINE

CB CB CB

CB CB CB

CB CB CB

CB CB CB

AT/F

AT/F

AT/F

AT/F

5 CTs METHODLINE

CB CB CB

AT/F

6 CTs METHOD

LINECB CB CB

AT/F

Salient features:-• It has 3 Circuit Breakers for Two Circuits.( One is

Line another is Transformer or Bus Reactor or both are Lines)

• No changeover of Line from one Bus to the other is required.

• For Circuit Breaker Maintenance of any Line, the load gets transferred Automatically to the other bus.

• For Maintenance or an occurrence of a Bus fault, all the interconnections will be on healthy bus and no disturbance to the Circuits.

• Even if both Buses become dead, Circuits can still be in service through the Tie Circuit Breaker.

• This has got many such advantages to maintain the system stability.

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

DOUBLE BUS & DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM

FEEDER1

BA

Y1

BA

Y2

BA

Y3

BA

Y4FEEDER2

FEEDER3

BA

Y5

BA

Y6

BA

Y7

BA

Y8

FEEDER4

FEEDER1

BUS-2

BUS-1

BA

Y1B

AY2

BUS-2BUS-1

FEEDER2

BA

Y3B

AY4

FEEDER3

BA

Y5B

AY6

BA

Y7B

AY8

FEEDER4

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM

MESH / RINGLAYOUT

FEEDER 1 FEEDER 2

FEEDER 3

FEEDER 4FEEDER 5FEEDER 6

FEEDER 7

FEEDER 8

1-52 CB 2-52 CB

3-52 CB

4-52 CB

5-52 CB6-52 CB

8-52 CB

7-52 CB

BUSBAR SYSTEMS ADOPTED IN APTRANSCO

400KV BUS1. 400KV KALAPAKADOUBLE BUS WITH AUX BUS & SECTIONALISER

400KV BUS (4 CTs)400KV BUS (5 CTs)

1. 400KV MAMIDIPALLY & VEMAGIRI2. 400KV KHAMMAM & NUNNA

(APTRANSCO BAYS IN PGCIL)

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

400KV BUS1. 400KV NELLOREONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM WITH SECTIONALISER

220KV BUS220KV BUS

1. 400KV MAMIDIPALLY2. 400KV KALAPAKA

DOUBLE BUS & AUX BUS SYTEM

220KV BUS220KV BUS

1. 220KV MALKARAM2. 220KV TALLAPALLY

DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER

220KV BUS220KV BUS

1. 220KV GACHIBOWLI2. 220KV GHANAPUR

DOUBLE BUS SYTEM

132 KV BUS132 KV BUS

1. 220KV YEDDUMAILARAM2. 220KV GHANAPUR

SINGLE BUS & AUX BUS SYSTEM

220KV BUS220KV BUS

1. 220KV SHAPURNAGAR2. 220KV CHANDRAYANA GUTTA

SINGLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER

220KV BUS220KV BUS

1. 220KV SIVARAMPALLY2. 220KV NARKETPALLY

SINGLE BUS SYSTEMBAY VOLTAGE LEVELNAME OF THE SUBSTATIONBUSBAR CONFIGUARATION

What does a substation contains..

Substation

Main Equipment

Engineered items

Auxiliary Equipment

Civil

Auxiliary System

Structure

Main Equipment

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS


Main EquipmentCircuit Breaker (CB)Instrument Transformer (CT/CVT/EMVT/PT)Surge Arrester (LA)Isolator (ISO)Transformer & ReactorBus Support Insulator (BPI)Line Traps (WT/LT)Control & Protection system (C&R)Power Line Carrier Communication system (PLCC)

BUS

BU

S IS

OL

AT

OR

CIR

CU

IT B

RE

AK

ER

3C

UR

RE

NT

TR

AN

SFO

RM

ER

89 52 CT 89

LIN

E IS

OL

AT

ORUUU

WA

VE

/ LIN

E T

RA

P

WT

U UU

3

CA

PAC

ITO

R V

OL

TA

GE

TR

AN

SFO

RM

ER

LIG

HT

EN

ING

/SU

RG

E A

RR

EST

OR

CVT LA


Main Equipment



Substation

Main Equipment

Engineered items

Auxiliary Equipment

Civil

Auxiliary System

Structure


Engineered items1. Busbar Materials

A. Strung Bus Conductor (ACSR).B. Rigid Bus Conductor (AL Tube).C. Clamps & Connectors.D. String Insulator & Hardware.

2. Earthing MaterialsA. Main Earthing Materials (Rod or Flat).B. Earth Pits.

3. Cables & accessoriesA. LT Power & Control CableB. HT Power CableC. Cable terminations, gland, lugs, ties, marker etc.D. Cable Supporting Materials.



Substation

Main Equipment

Engineered items

Auxiliary Equipment

Civil

Auxiliary System

Structure


Auxiliary EquipmentLTAC Switchgear PanelAC Distribution BoardBattery & Battery ChargerDC Distribution BoardAuxiliary LT TransformerLighting TransformerMain Lighting Distribution BoardEmergency Lighting Distribution BoardDiesel GeneratorUPS



Substation

Main Equipment

Engineered items

Auxiliary Equipment

Civil

Auxiliary System

Structure


Auxiliary System1. Illumination system

A. IndoorI. Control Room BuildingII. Diesel Generator BuildingIII.Fire Fighting Pump House Building.IV.Store Room BuildingV. Repair Bay

B. Outdoor Switchyard2. Fire Fighting and Fire Detection System3. Air Conditioning and Ventilation System



Substation

Main Equipment

Engineered items

Auxiliary Equipment

Civil

Auxiliary System

Structure


Substation StructuresMain Column and Beam structuresEquipment supporting structures

Substation CivilFoundation for gantry column & EquipmentFoundation for Transformer / ReactorControl Room Building / DG, FFPH BuildingOutdoor Switchyard Cable TrenchSurface DrainageRoadsFencing and Gate


A Typical Sub-Station content wise cost structure.

A > Transformer / Reactor----------------------------------------- 27%B > EHV Circuit Breaker, CT, CVT, LA, Isolator, BPI------- 22%C > Control, Protection & PLCC----------------------------------- 7%D > Medium Voltage Switchgear---------------------------------- 5%E > Cables, AC/DC Aux., Lighting, Busbar etc.--------------- 16%F > Structures---------------------------------------------------------- 6%G > Civil------------------------------------------------------------------ 13%H > Erection------------------------------------------------------------- 4%

27

22%7%

5%

16%

6% 13% 4%

A B C D E F G HA B C D E F G H

27%

22%7%

5%

16%6% 13% 4%

NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED BY UTILITIES FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )

NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N

NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) + in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N)765 KV LINES7.

NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N

NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) + in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N)400 KV LINES6.

SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME ORNUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)

NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME ORNUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N)220 KV LINES5.

IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER ) . DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE SELECTED ( POTT & PUTT or BLOCK & UNBLOCK). OTHER WISE MAIN-2 MAY BE DIFFERENT MAKE OR PHASE COMPARISION PROTECTION/LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION WITH BACKUP DISTANCE PROTECTION IS TO BE ADOPTED. BOTH M1 & M2 SHOULD CONTAIN DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (67N) WITH DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION PICKUP SCHEME AS INBUILT FUNCTION.ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINEZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER ENDZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER ENDZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) AT OTHER END.

DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F RELAYS WITH HIGH SET ( 67 + 67N )

SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME ORNUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)132 KV LINES4.

66 KV LINES3.-3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )33 KV LINES2.-2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )11 KV LINES1.

MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTIONMAIN- 1 PROTECTIONVOLTAGE Sr.No

NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED BY UTILITIES FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS

3 OL + 1 DIR EL

(51P + 67N)

400 / 132100, 200 & 2507

HV & LV REF 64

220 / 6631.5, 50 & 1006

66 / 337.5 , 16 & 252

BUCHHOLZOVER FLUX OLTC OSRPRV/PRDOIL TEMP

WDNG TEMP

132 / 33 16 , 31.5 50 & 804

765 / 400630, 750, 1000 & 150010

3 DIR OL (HIGHSET)

+ 1 DIR EL

(HIGHSET)

3 DIR OL (HIGHSET)

+1 DIR EL

(HIGHSET)

400 / 220315, 500 & 630 9

OVER LOAD ALARM RELAY

+NEUTRAL

CURRENT E/F RELAY

87 TH / 64 REF

ICT / AUTO TFR

220 / 132100 & 1608

2 WINDING TRANSFORMER (STAR/STAR)

TYPE

220 / 3331.5, 5053 OVER LOAD + 1 DIRECTIONAL

EARTH FAULT RELAY ( 51P + 67N)

HV REF (64)

132 / 117.5 , 16 ,25 & 31.53

64REF IS 1-PH

HIG

H IM

PEDA

NC

E D

IFFEREN

TIAL R

ELAY

87TH IS 3-PH

HIG

H IM

PEDA

NC

E D

IFFEREN

TIAL R

ELAY

(PRIN

CPLE : C

IRC

ULA

TING

CU

RR

ENT)

BUCHHOLZ, OLTC OSROIL TEMP

WDNG TEMP3 OVER LOAD + 1 EARTH FAULT

RELAY ( 51 )

3OL+1 EL (51)

NIL

87 TL DIFFER

ENTIA

L RELA

Y ( LO

W IM

PEDA

NC

E PERC

ENTA

GE B

IASED

PHA

SE SEGR

EGA

TED

DIFFER

ENTIA

L RELA

Y PRIN

CIPLE: M

ERZ PR

ICE)

66 / 117.5 & 161

LVHVPROTECTION

SPECIALPROTECTION

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

BACK UPPROTECTIONMAIN-2MAIN-1VOLTAGE

RATIO IN KV

CAPACITYIN

MVAS.No

Busbar configuarations

Design

Transcript of Busbar configuarations