Build up to the Civil War

Missouri wants to be a state... 1817 Missouri applies for statehood with 2,000-3,000 slaves present at that time Missouri would be the second state from the LA Purchase (1st one was what?) House of Reps = argued for restriction of slavery in

Missouri but Senate (South) no wayThus, an agreement was needed to keep the balanceLuckily, Maine wanted to enter the union as a separate state (previously part of what state?)

Missouri Compromise Also known as the Compromise of 1820 Henry Clay brokers deal (“Great Compromiser”)Terms

- Maine enters as free; Missouri as slave- Slavery in territories is decided = no slavery will be allowed in the rest of the LA Purchase north of the southern border of Missouri (36°N)

Clay is back (back)...back again!

More land (Mexican Cession and Annexation of Texas) = more problems We turn to the Great Compromiser at age 70 to avoid war again (Stephen Douglas, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster help)

Compromise of 1850 California enters the Union as a free state Stricter Fugitive Slave Law passed

-Fine and jail time if you are caught helping a runaway slave (How and who helped them runaway?)

-No jury trial given to blacks accused of running away (Canada or risk being taken)

Popular sovereignty decides the slavery issue in New Mexico and Utah Territories, not

Congress in Washington, D. C. Slave trade abolished in D.C. (slavery still okay)

- What parts of this compromise is agreeable to the South? North?

Kansas Nebraska ActIn 1854 it divides the territory= North (Nebraska) and South (Kansas) Repeals the Missouri Compromise Slavery will be decided by popular sovereignty John Brown makes his first appearance (later) Kansas will become “Bleeding Kansas”

Bleeding Kansas was the name given to the territory of Kansas in 1854 just prior to the start of the Civil War. Kansas was rife with murderous mobs, public hangings, beatings and general terror. The conflict was between Northern abolitionists and pro-slavery Southerners. The chance for a bloodless compromise, as was the case earlier with Missouri, was gone. The main issue was whether or not Kansas would become a free or a slave state.

Kansas was a powder keg that was ready to go off and kill many people on both sides of the fence. It was the right time for a bloodbath and the men who were going to ignite this keg were at the ready. Federal authorities tried to intervene but to no avail. Lawrence, Kansas was the main location where most of the trouble was. Lawrence was a central hub for the anti-slavery forces, which made a big target for pro slavery fighters. The once peaceful farming town was now the front line in a fight that seemed to have no end in sight. The blood was flowing in Kansas and few if any could or would stop it.

Lawrence was such a hotbed for many reasons; one of those was that the residents that founded the town were anti-slavery. They settled Lawrence and they felt that all of Kansas should be a free state. This did not sit well with the pro-slavery fighters. They wanted blood from the Free-Soilers, for what they saw as treasonous acts as the Lawrence residents often harbored slaves, abolitionists, and anyone who was sympathetic to the abolitionist cause.

http://www.civilwaracademy.com/bleeding-kansas.html

In May 1856 armed with long-rifles and machetes, a band of men from Missouri attacked Lawrence. They wrecked newspapers, robbed banks, and burned the hotel and the home of the Free-Soil Governor. Four days later, abolitionist John Brown and his four sons grabbed five pro-slavery settlers in the middle of the night from their homes in Pottawatomie Creek and brutality murdered them in front of their families.

The struggle for Kansas would continue up until 1859 when both sides agreed to stop the violence. Around 56 people died in this struggle.

http://www.civilwaracademy.com/bleeding-kansas.html

Murder! Help- neighbors help! O my poor Wife and Children!

Review Raise your hands please!

1. Define: civil war, repeal, act, abolish (abolitionist), popular sovereignty, and compromise.

2. Why could westward expansion be viewed as a contributing cause of the Civil War?

3. How did the United States try to avoid war between the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy)?

4. What made the North and South so different? (Hint: Think about your knowledge of colonial New England/Middle Colonies versus Southern Colonies)