BSC 2010LBSC 2010L CELLS AND PROTISTS I CELLS AND PROTISTS I

In this lab we will:In this lab we will:

A. A. Review cell structure and function Review cell structure and function (Chapter 2).(Chapter 2).

B. B. Begin examining diversity of life with Begin examining diversity of life with some protist taxa (handouts).some protist taxa (handouts).

Principal Biological Concepts Principal Biological Concepts to Emphasize:to Emphasize:

A.A. Cell theory - all living things are made of Cell theory - all living things are made of cells.cells.

B.B. Levels of organization: Levels of organization: atomsatomsmoleculesmoleculesmacromoleculesmacromoleculesorganellesorganellescellscellstissuestissuesorgansorgansorganismsorganisms

C. C. Cell typesCell typesD. D. Cell structures and functionsCell structures and functionsE.E. Diversity and cladistic analysisDiversity and cladistic analysisG. G. Diversity of some protist groupsDiversity of some protist groups

Dissecting scopesDissecting scopes

A. A. Putting prepared slides under the Putting prepared slides under the dissecting scope is often a convenient dissecting scope is often a convenient way to look at larger specimens.way to look at larger specimens.

B. Look at live protists and small inverts B. Look at live protists and small inverts under dissecting scopes when under dissecting scopes when preparing wet mounts.preparing wet mounts.

Cell StructureCell Structure

A. A. Basic aspects of cell structure and Basic aspects of cell structure and functionfunction1.1. All cells have a nucleus (or nucleoid), All cells have a nucleus (or nucleoid),

cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.

2.2. The plasma membrane The plasma membrane isolates the cell from the isolates the cell from the

environment, controls the flow environment, controls the flow of molecules into and out of of molecules into and out of

the cell, and contains the cell, and contains receptors that effect cell’s receptors that effect cell’s

activities.activities.

3.3. A nucleus is bound be a A nucleus is bound be a membrane and contains DNA. membrane and contains DNA. (In bacterial and blue-green (In bacterial and blue-green cells, DNA in located in the cells, DNA in located in the nucleoid region and is not nucleoid region and is not

membrane-bound.)membrane-bound.)

4.4. The cytoplasm contains The cytoplasm contains membrane systems, particles, membrane systems, particles, filaments (the cytoskeleton), filaments (the cytoskeleton),

and a semifluid matrix.and a semifluid matrix.

PROKARYOTESPROKARYOTES

A prokaryotic cellA prokaryotic cell

EukaryotesEukaryotes

1.1. internal membrane bound organelles - internal membrane bound organelles - with specific structures and functions.with specific structures and functions.a.a. cell membrane surrounding cell membrane surrounding

cytoplasmcytoplasmb.b. nuclear membrane around nucleusnuclear membrane around nucleusc. c. endoplasmic reticulumendoplasmic reticulumd.d. mitochrondriamitochrondriae.e. chloroplastschloroplasts

PLANT vs. ANIMAL CELLSPLANT vs. ANIMAL CELLS

An animal cellAn animal cell

A plant cellA plant cell

OrganellesOrganelles

A. A. NucleusNucleus

B. B. NucleolusNucleolus

C. C. Membrane systemsMembrane systems1. 1. endoplasmic reticulumendoplasmic reticulum

a. a. smooth ERsmooth ER

b. b. rough ERrough ER

2. r2. ribosomesibosomes

D. D. MitochondriaMitochondria

E.E. Golgi bodiesGolgi bodies

F.F. ChloroplastsChloroplasts

G. G. Central VacuoleCentral Vacuole

H. H. Cell wallCell wall

I.I. Flagella and ciliaFlagella and cilia

The nucleus and its envelope The nucleus and its envelope 

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

RibosomesRibosomes

Golgi bodiesGolgi bodies

The endomembrane system The endomembrane system 

The mitochondrionThe mitochondrion

Ultrastructure of a eukaryotic flagellum or ciliumUltrastructure of a eukaryotic flagellum or cilium

The plant cell vacuole The plant cell vacuole 

The chloroplastThe chloroplast

In lab:In lab:

A. A. Bacterial cellsBacterial cells

B. B. Human epidermal cellsHuman epidermal cellsstain- methylene bluestain- methylene blue

C. C. Onion epidermisOnion epidermis

DD. . HydrillaHydrilla

Use glass slides throughout Use glass slides throughout lab, then throw them in lab, then throw them in

GLASS container.GLASS container.

Data sheet 1 (10 pts.)Data sheet 1 (10 pts.)

THIS IS DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE THIS IS DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE LAB.LAB.

ClassificationClassification

A. A. Taxonomic hierarchy - Domain, Taxonomic hierarchy - Domain, kingdom, phylum (division), class, order, kingdom, phylum (division), class, order, family, genus, species.family, genus, species.

B. B. 3 domains3 domains1.1. BacteriaBacteria

2.2. ArchaeaArchaea

3.3. EukaryaEukarya

Eukarya Eukarya

a. a. "Protists" – At least 5 kingdoms"Protists" – At least 5 kingdoms

b.b. Kingdom ANIMALIAKingdom ANIMALIA

c.c. Kingdom FUNGIKingdom FUNGI

d.d. Kingdom PLANTAEKingdom PLANTAE

Hierarchical classificationHierarchical classification

Domains of lifeDomains of life

The five-kingdom system compared with two alternative classification schemesThe five-kingdom system compared with two alternative classification schemes

A tentative phylogeny of eukaryotesA tentative phylogeny of eukaryotes

The "protists”The "protists”

A. A. Representing at least 5 kingdomsRepresenting at least 5 kingdoms

B. B. 60,000 extant species60,000 extant species

C. C. Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cellsorigin from prokaryotes by endosymbiosisorigin from prokaryotes by endosymbiosis

A. Kingdom RhizopodaA. Kingdom Rhizopoda

B. B. Kingdom EuglenozoaKingdom Euglenozoa1.1. Phylum Euglenophyta – euglenoidsPhylum Euglenophyta – euglenoids

2.2. Phylum KinoplastidaPhylum Kinoplastida

C. C. Kingdom AlveolataKingdom Alveolata1.1. Phylum CiliophoraPhylum Ciliophora

This week we will include:This week we will include:

In lab:In lab:

A. Euglena - A. Euglena - (with(with Stentor Stentor))

B. B. TrichonymphaTrichonympha

C. TrypanosomaC. Trypanosoma

D. ParameciumD. Paramecium

E. StentorE. Stentor

F. VorticellaF. Vorticella

EuglenaEuglena

Amoeba proteusAmoeba proteus

Termite and Termite and TrichonymphaTrichonympha

TrypanosomaTrypanosoma, the kinetoplastid that causes sleeping sickness, the kinetoplastid that causes sleeping sickness

Conjugation and genetic recombination in Conjugation and genetic recombination in Paramecium caudatumParamecium caudatum

ParameciumParamecium conjugating conjugating

Ciliates: Ciliates: StentorStentor (left), (left), ParameciumParamecium (right) (right)

ParameciumParamecium contractile contractile vacuole DEMONSTRATION.vacuole DEMONSTRATION.

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