PROTISTS KINGDOMS ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA FUNGUS – PROTISTS ANIMAL PLANT.
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Transcript of PROTISTS KINGDOMS ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA FUNGUS – PROTISTS ANIMAL PLANT.
PROTISTSKINGDOMS
ARCHAEBACTERIAEUBACTERIA
FUNGUS
– PROTISTS ANIMAL
PLANT
WHAT IS A PROTIST?• Organisms that share a lot of
characteristics with animals, plants and fungus BUT they cannot be classified in those Kingdoms because of some fundamental differences.
• “junk drawer” Kingdom– Very diverse group of organisms
• BUT, they do share some characteristics– All are EUKARYOTIC– All live in MOIST SURROUNDINGS
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF PROTISTS
• ANIMAL-LIKE(ex. amoeba)
• FUNGUS-LIKE(ex. water mold)
• PLANT-LIKE(ex. Euglena)
ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS• Called PROTOZOANS
• HETEROTROPHS• Can move from place
to place to obtain food.
• UNI-CELLULAR• Grouped into four
classes based on HOW THEY MOVE
PROTOZOANS WITH PSEUDOPODS (sarcodines)What is a pseudopod?
-“false foot”; temporary bulges of the cell membrane that fill with cytoplasm
May also have a contractile vacuole
- collects extra water and then expels it from the cell
Example – amoeba
AMOEBA Amoebas are unicellular
protists that are able to change their shape constantly because their PSEUDOPODS are constantly changing.Pseudopods also help amoebas to get food food by ENGULFING and move towards the light.
PROTOZOANS WITH CILIA (ciliates)
What are ciliacilia?- hair-like projections on cells that move in a wave-like motion.
More complex cells, Two nuclei (macro and micro)
Oral groove – funnels food into the cell
Two contractile vacuoles
Example - paramecium
Paramecium does not become much larger than 0.3 mm
Paramecium caudatum in conjugation
PROTOZOANS WITH FLAGELLA (zooflagellates)
May have anywhere from 1-8 flagella
Most live inside the bodies of other organisms
TrypanosomaTrypanosoma – carried by Tse Tse flies and infects red blood cells causing the sleeping sickness disease.
PROTOZOANS THAT ARE PARASITES (sporozoans)
Feed on the cells and body fluids of their hosts.
Most do not move, depends on its host to move from place to place; others ooze
PlasmodiumPlasmodium – does not move; is a parasite; causes malaria
Infects a mosquito which then infects a human.
FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS• Alike fungus – are
HETEROTROPHS, have CELL WALLS, and use SPORES to reproduce
• Unlike fungus – are able to MOVE at some point in their lives
Video
FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS• Live in moist places, the water, or dead and
decaying trees
• Brightly colored
TYPES OF FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS
• Water molds• Downey mildews• Slime molds
Water molds can be parasitic as seen here.
PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS• Called algae• All are AUTOTROPHS• Play an important
role as a food source in the food chain
• Provide most of the atmosphere’s oxygen
• Contain pigments– - Chemicals that
produce color
• Algae vary greatly in size– Unicellular– Multi-cellular– Colonies
• Ex. Volvox
These Volvox live in colonies. Even though they are each an individual organism, some Volvox are specialized to perform certain functions for the colony like respiration or reproduction.
GametesDaughter cells
ALGAE CHARACTERISTICS
Euglenoids• Example:
Euglena• Green, uni-
cellular algae• Eyespot near the
flagella senses light.
EUGLENA
• Euglenoids, like this Euglena, have the ability to lose their chloroplasts. If you would keep Euglena in the dark they start feeding on organic matter and may loose their pigment
Dinoflagellates• Very colorful• Some even fluorescefluoresce
and can seem to make the ocean “glow”“glow” when they are disturbed by waves or passing boats.
• Have two flagella and move like spinning tops
Diatoms• Found in two basic shapes:
– Centric – cylindrical– Pennate – long, oval-shaped
• Diatoms are delicate unicellular organisms that have a yellow-brown chloroplast that enables them to photosynthesize.
• Their cell walls are made of silica almost like a glass house
• Layers of dead diatoms form diatomaceous earth.
• Used to make polish, in pool filters and as an insecticide
Red and Brown Algae• Almost all red
algae is seaweed.• Carrageenan is found
in red algae and is used in ice cream and hair products.
• Almost all brown algae is seaweed.
• Have lots of plant characteristics like holdfasts (roots), blades (leaves) and stalks (stems)
Red algal bloom
Stalk
Green AlgaeEx. SpirogyraIn Spirogyra the
chloroplast runs through the cell like a helix.
Protists and Evolution• Protozoans are believed to be the
evolutionary ancestors of all forms of animal life.
• Green algae are believed to be the evolutionary ancestors to all forms of plant life.