STOP MOTION ANIMATION TECHNIQUES

WHAT ANIMATION IS ABOUT• Animation is a type of optical illusion.

• It involves the appearance of motion caused by displaying still images one after another. Often, animation is used for entertainment purposes.

• It is also used for entertainment, animation is considered as a form of art. It is often displayed and celebrated in film festivals throughout the world. Also used for educational purposes, animation has a place in learning and instructional applications as well.

• Animation is both time-consuming and costly to produce. For this reason, most of the animation made for television and film is produced by professorial studios. However, there are also many independent studios. In fact, there are many resources, such as lower-cost

CLAY ANIMATION

• Clay animation/Claymation this is one of the many forms of stop motion animation, each object is sculpted in clay or a similarly pliable material such as Plasticine, usually around a wire skeleton called an armature.

• Producing a stop motion animation using clay is extremely laborious. 12 changes are usually made for one second of film movement.

• Films such as Wallace and Gromit, Pingu have been used with clay animation

• In clay animation, each object is sculpted in clay or a similarly pliable material such as plasticine, a film frame is exposed and the object or character is then moved slightly by hand, this is repeated until they have achieved the desired amount of film.

CUTOUT ANIMATION

• Cutout Animation is a unique technique for producing animations using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or even photographs.

• Cut-out animation is one of the oldest forms of animation and in pre computer days, probably the easiest to create. As its name implies, cut-out animation involves moving cut-out shapes in small steps and taking a picture at each stage, this is a lot less work than having to draw every single frame of the animation.

STOP MOTION ANIMATION• Stop Motion Animation Stop-motion animation, is the term used to describe animation

created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement.

• There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the type of media used to create the animation, these include: Cutout animation Claymation animation Model animation (like the classic King-Kong) Object animation Puppet animation

FRAME RATES• Frame rate refers to the number of images displayed by a projector within one

second.

• or the 3D movies that have already been running in theaters, the current generation of DLP® Cinema TM projectors are showing the movies at 24 FPS, but actually flashing each frame image three times. Called triple-flashing, it means viewers are actually seeing 144 frames per second. The flashing is done to eliminate any perception (and therefore the distraction) of the sequential progression of frames.

PERSISTENCE OF VISION"Persistence of Vision" refers to the phenomenon where the retina retains an image for a brief split-second after the image was actually seen, and lends itself to animation by fostering the illusion of motion when we view images in closely-timed sequence to one another.

We don't notice the fractional skips between images because that persistence fills in the momentary gap to make the motion seem seamless

Persistence of Vision is a company of creative visionaries, who have been an invaluable resource and addition to any project, production, or brain trust, capitalizing on its years in the business creating concepts, visuals and ground breaking films, with one objective in mind… to create the best product

Developers of Animation

PIONEERS

A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession. It was basically a improvement on the phenkitascope.

It lead to the praxinoscope being made and also lead to animation being viewed simpler. This made animation easier to be seen because it had small slits on the side where the person could look inside and it would give a better effect than a phenkitascope The designs on the zoetrope vary from animals to football players, and is still used today.

WILL IAM HORNER• William Horner was another animation pioneer, who created the zoetrope. He created the

zoetrope in the year 1834.

• A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession. It was basically a improvement on the phenkitascope. it lead to the praxinoscope being made and also lead to animation being viewed simpler.

• this made animation easier to be seen because it had small slits on the side where the person could look inside and it would give a better effect than a phenkitascope

• the designs on the zoetrope vary from animals to football players, and is still used today.

EADWARD MUDBRIDGE

• adweard Mubridge was born in Kingston upon Thames in 183

• Eadweard James Muybridge ( / dw rd ma br dˌɛ ə ˈ ɪ ɪ ʒ/; 9 April 1830 – 8 May 1904) was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion and in motion-picture projection.

• In the 1880s, Muybridge entered a very productive period at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, producing over 100,000 images of animals and humans in motion, capturing what the human eye could not distinguish as separate movements. He spent much of his later years giving public lectures and demonstrations of his photography and early motion picture sequences. He also edited and published compilations of his work, which greatly influenced visual artists and the developing fields of scientific and industrial photography.

DEVELOPERS OF THE ANIMATIONS

RAY HARRYHAUSEN

Raymond Frederick Harryhausen was born on the 29th June 1920 in Los Angeles,

He had a passion, which has never abated, for dinosaurs and anything

His first attempts were, of course, prehistoric and included a cave bear, a brontosaurus and a stegosaurus. To begin with, he used wooden armatures but they didn’t really hold their pose.

When it comes to motion picture special effects, there is only one name that personifies movie magic.

When it comes to motion picture special effects, there is only one name that personifies movie magic…

JAN SVANKMAJER

Czechoslovak animator extraordinaire, Jan has been making intensely bizarre films since the mid-'60s.

. Most of his work is a mix between 3-D stop-motion animation, puppets and live-action, but it can involve any mix of the above.His stories are eerie, delightful, and surreal. His actors include real people, machines, socks, clay figures, antique dolls, pencil sharpeners, and skeletons or stuffed corpses of animals, among other things. His sets are usually decaying Czech buildings or landscapes, decorated with waste of the industrial age: rotting furniture, rusty nails, sawdust, oily screws.

He trained at the Institute of Applied Arts from 1950 to 1954 and then at the Prague Academy of Performing Arts (Department of Puppetry)

JAN SVANKMAJER was born in 1934 in Prague where he still lives

.CONTEMPORARY ANIMATORS SUCH AS

• Contemporary animators such as:

• Tim Burton • &

• Aardman Animations.

TIM BURTON

• Tim Burton was raised in Burbank, California. He spent most of his childhood as a recluse, drawing cartoons and watching old movies.

• Burton is known for using recurring collaborators on his works• Burton has directed 16 films and produced 12

• He is famous for his dark, quirky-themed movies such as Beetlejuice, Edward Scissorhands, The Nightmare before Christmas.

Timothy Walter "Tim" Burton[ (born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, film producer, writer and artist.

Aardman Animations.