Product and chain development for Oil PalmProduct and chain development for Oil Palm

BioBio--based materials and renewable energybased materials and renewable energy

26 09 06

Jan E.G van DamJan E.G van Dam

Div Div BiobasedBiobased ProductsProducts

WageningenWageningen URUR

BioBio--basedbased economyeconomy

…….the solution for .the solution for sustainable developments sustainable developments

...?......?...

BioBio--based economybased economy and Sustainable developmentsand Sustainable developments

• KYOTO and CO2 neutral production

• Transition process

• Renewable resources for energy and products

• Exploitation of biomass from agro-industrial residues

• Value addition in materials, and ‘green’ chemicals

What are the biomass resources What are the biomass resources

where are those available where are those available

at what costs at what costs

????

Transition to a Transition to a biobio--basedbased economyeconomy

Growing demand for biomass resourcesGrowing demand for biomass resources

Agricultural crops

sugar ethanol

fats and oils biodiesel

Forestry crops

wood fuel

charcoal

Competing claimsCompeting claims for biomass resourcesfor biomass resources

Sustainable production

food supply security FAO / UNEP / UNIDO

land use

deforestation NGO

rural development

Rapid expansion of demand for energy purposes

DEVELOPMENT OF BIOREFINERY

Unused biomass resourcesUnused biomass resources

Agricultural crops Agricultural residues

Food industry wastes

Forestry crops Forestry residues

Black liquorWaste paper

Animal waste ManureMunicipal solid waste SewageMarine crops Algae,

Fishery residues

VariousVarious CropsCrops and and RegionsRegions

Cotton

CottonCorn

Sugarcane Soya

Sugar beet

Palm oil CoconutCoconut

Cassava

Algae

Soft WoodSoft Wood Soft Wood

Cotton

Hard Wood

Hard Wood

Wheat Soya

Rice

Wheat

EucalyptEucalypt

Cacao

Soya

R&D activities for sustainable developments (1)R&D activities for sustainable developments (1)

•• Supply managementSupply management

•• Upgrading of existing and innovative technologies Upgrading of existing and innovative technologies to ecologically improved productionto ecologically improved production

•• Novel innovative markets for renewable products Novel innovative markets for renewable products

•• Valorisation of residuesValorisation of residues

R&D activities for sustainable developments (2)R&D activities for sustainable developments (2)

•• AgroAgro--logistics, storage, transport and packaginglogistics, storage, transport and packaging

•• ‘White’ biotechnology, ‘White’ biotechnology, biorefinerybiorefinery

•• Product developmentProduct development–– Renewable energy from biomass residuesRenewable energy from biomass residues

–– Building and construction materials Building and construction materials

–– ‘Green chemicals’ and bio‘Green chemicals’ and bio--polymers, adhesives, additives and polymers, adhesives, additives and coatingscoatings

•• AgroresiduesAgroresidues of food and nonof food and non--food cropsfood crops–– cotton stalks cotton stalks

–– rice straw / hullrice straw / hull

–– sugar cane sugar cane bagassebagasse

–– corn cobscorn cobs

–– coconut huskcoconut husk

–– jute sticks, etcjute sticks, etc

–– palm oil residuespalm oil residues–– eucalypt barkeucalypt bark

–– verge grassesverge grasses

Renewable raw materialsRenewable raw materials

1997 1997 -- Optimization oilseed processing (Indonesia) Optimization oilseed processing (Indonesia)

19981998--2002 2002 –– PalmPlusPalmPlus (BIT project SENTER, Zebra Special (BIT project SENTER, Zebra Special Products NL Products NL –– PTPN3 Indonesia) PTPN3 Indonesia)

2001 2001 –– pulping of EFB (pulping of EFB (TigaraskaTigaraska Indonesia)Indonesia)

2004 2004 –– pyrolysispyrolysis oil (BTG) application developmentoil (BTG) application development

2005 2005 –– market survey for production of market survey for production of bioplasticsbioplastics from from Palm oil (confidential NL / Malaysia)Palm oil (confidential NL / Malaysia)

2006 2006 –– dissolving cellulose from Palm oil residues dissolving cellulose from Palm oil residues (confidential)(confidential)

Oil palm Projects in division BBPOil palm Projects in division BBP

1998 1998 -- K.A. K.A. DejongheDejonghe and and W.WongW.Wong (Erasmus (Erasmus UnivUniv Rotterdam): Survey of palm oil Rotterdam): Survey of palm oil industries in Malaysiaindustries in Malaysia

1999 1999 –– RusliRusli HidyatHidyat and F. van and F. van BeckumBeckum ((UnivUniv TwenteTwente): palm fruit sterilization by ): palm fruit sterilization by using direct steam injectionusing direct steam injection

2004 2004 –– AdelwahabAdelwahab et al (WUR) et al (WUR) -- Enhanced use of waste biomass of palm oil Enhanced use of waste biomass of palm oil production in an environmentally safe and sustainable way in Malproduction in an environmentally safe and sustainable way in Malaysia and Ghanaaysia and Ghana

2005 2005 –– W. de W. de VriesVries (RUG) (RUG) –– ValorisationValorisation of biomass residues from the palm oil of biomass residues from the palm oil production chainproduction chain

2006 2006 –– B. B. DehueDehue (WUR) (WUR) -- Palm Oil and its ByPalm Oil and its By--Products as a Renewable Energy Products as a Renewable Energy Source Potential, Sustainability and Governance Source Potential, Sustainability and Governance

2006 2006 -- JingJing Zhang (WUR) Zhang (WUR) -- Short study into the use of palm oil byShort study into the use of palm oil by--products while products while increasing the sustainability of palm oil production. Definitionincreasing the sustainability of palm oil production. Definition of new processing of new processing chains for palm oil bychains for palm oil by--products and the environmental and economic products and the environmental and economic performance.performance.

Oil palm student thesesOil palm student theses in division BBP in division BBP

OilOil Palm (Palm (MalaysiaMalaysia, , IndonesiaIndonesia))

27 millions of tons a year, 23% of the World’s vegetable oil production (2003)

Extensive global expansion (from 2 to 7 million ha in last 20 years)

80% of the World production on account of Malaysia and Indonesia

Palm oil and palm kernel oil are the only “products” (9% of the produced biomass), the rest is “waste”

Oil Palm Innovation MPOB / PORAM

Obvious surplus EFB

There is more..

Biomass from agroBiomass from agro--industrial residuesindustrial residues

• palm oil residues

• low utilisation rate

LocalLocal perceptionperception of Palm of Palm oiloil productionproduction

Cash crop with large impact on whole society & landscape

High ambition levels, growing awareness of potential and threats

Problems with waste production and disposal (POME / EFB)

Recycling of nutrients, limited need for energy efficiency

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and possibilities for CDM / CO2 trade

UtilisationUtilisation of Palm of Palm oiloil residuesresidues

Lignocellulosic fibres at estate– fronts (10.5 tons /ha/yr)

– trunks (70 tons / ha / 25 yr)

Residues at palm oil mill– empty fruit bunch (1 ton / ton palm oil)

– mesocarp fibre (0.6 ton / ton)– shells (0.4 ton / ton)

– effluent (0.4-1.0 ton/ton)

partly used as boiler fuel

OptionsOptions forfor sustainablesustainable residueresidue utilisationutilisation

Bio-diesel (residual oil / pressing cakes)Bio-gas, H2 / ABE and ethanol fermentationBio-polymers (PLA, PHA)Bio-oil pyrolysis (BTG) / CharcoalFibres for paper, building boards and compositesDissolving cellulose“green” chemicals (lignin and furfural adhesives)

DevelopmentDevelopment of of sustainablesustainable Palm Palm oiloil

Technology transfer implementation and process integration

Smal scale biorefinery at Palm oil mills for ligno-cellulosic by-products, effluents and expelled residues

• Refining, compression and preprocessing• Extraction of components for value addition (‘green chemicals’ and

products)• Biotechnology for Fermentation to fuel and biopolymers• Condensing energy content of transportable carbon• Higher resource efficiency

precipitation Coatings Biopolymersextract

sugars Alcohol / H2

effluentdryingchoppingpelletising

residue

Feedgassifycombustion

Energy

waste compost

compostingdisposal

silica

fermentation

tar

ash

Protein, lipids

Biomass

fuel

extraction modification

refining fibre pulp Paper / boardadhesives

Biorefinery (cascading) of biomass

Developmental strategyDevelopmental strategy

Demonstration of • technical feasibility laboratory and pilot scale• socio-economic potential field study• marketing potential• business plan

Identification of partners • in primary production and industry • investors and stakeholders

Biomass from agroBiomass from agro--industrial residuesindustrial residues

World production capacity coconut husk 15-20 million tons /year

Husk preparation (CFC/ FAO project)Husk preparation (CFC/ FAO project)

Coconut husk

Opening Milling

Coconut

Building and construction materialsBuilding and construction materials

Conclusions (1)Conclusions (1)

By-products utilisation for added value is beneficial to the sustainability of palm oil production

Essential for certifying the sustainability of the palm oil biomass energy and products.

Multi-stakeholder involvement needed (RPSO)Include outsider (food vs non-food) industries

involved in energy and fibre products

Conclusions (2)Conclusions (2)

Large interest in Malaysia (government, companies, and investors) in improved palm oil production for energy production

Show case : Sustainable Oil Palm bio-diesel and biomass by-products for energy and products (import / export scenarios, CDM, LCA / criteria, bio-refinery tools)

Now is the moment for active participation!

There is no There is no wastewaste

when it’s biowhen it’s bio--basedbased