Bibliography

1. Fred Adams. Knowledge. in [27, pp. 228–236].

2. Gunther Anders. Burning Conscience. Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg, 1961.

3. Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics. Cambridge University Press, Port Chester,NY, 2000.

4. Gert Balling (ed.). Homo Sapiens 2.0. Gads Forlag, Copenhagen, 2002.

5. Jeremy Bentham. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation.Batoche Books, Kitchener, Ontario, 2000.

6. Frans A. J. Birrer. Applying ethical and moral concepts and theories to itcontexts: Some key challenges and problems. Proceedings of the Conference:Computer Ethics Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE 97), 1998.

7. Simon Blackburn. Spreading the Word. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984.

8. Albert Borgmann. Information, nearness and farness. in [34, pp. 90–107].

9. Albert Borgmann. Holding On to Reality. The University of Chicago Press,Chicago, IL/London, 1999.

10. David Brink. Moral Realism and the Foundation of Ethics. Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, 1989.

11. J. Glenn Brookshear. Computer Science: An Overview. Pearson, Boston, MA,2009.

12. Stuart Brown et al. (eds.). Conceptions of Inquiry. Routledge, London, 1981.

213

214 Bibliography

13. Terrell Ward Bynum. Computer ethics: Its birth and its future. Ethics and In-formation Technology, 3(2):109–112, 2001.

14. Robert J. Cavalier. The Impact of the Internet on Our Moral Lives. StateUniversity of New York Press, Albany, 2005.

15. Jonathan Dancy. A Companion to Epistemology. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford,1992.

16. Jonathan Dancy. Moral Reasons. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993.

17. Jonathan Dancy. Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology. Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford, 1995.

18. Donald Davidson. Essays on Actions and Events. Oxford University Press,Oxford, 1980.

19. Mauro Dorato. Time and Reality. Clueb, Bologna, 1995.

20. Fred Dretske. Knowledge and the Flow of Information. Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, 1981.

21. Hubert Dreyfus. What Computers Still Can’t Do. MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1999.

22. Hubert Dreyfus. On the Internet. Routledge, London, 2001.

23. Stacey L. Edgar. Morality and Machines: Perspectives on Computer Ethics.Jones & Bartlett, London, 2002.

24. Jan Faye. The Reality of the Future. Odense University Press, Odense, 1989.

25. Luciano Floridi. Virtual reality. in [27, pp. 40–61].

26. Luciano Floridi. Information ethics: On the philosophical foundation of computerethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 1:37–56, 1999.

27. Luciano Floridi (ed). The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing andInformation. Blackwell, Oxford, 2004.

28. Philippa Foot (ed.). Theories of Ethics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1967.

29. Harry Frankfurt. Freedom of the will and the concept of a person. in [100,pp. 81–95].

Bibliography 215

30. Raymond Gillespie Frey (ed.) and Christopher Heath Wellman. A Companionto Applied Ethics. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 2003.

31. David Gauthier. Morals by Agreement. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986.

32. Bernard Gert. Common morality and computing. Ethics and Information Tech-nology, 1:57–64, 1999.

33. Edmund L. Gettier. Is justified true belief knowledge? Analysis, 23:121–123,1963.

34. Ken Goldberg. The Robot in the Garden. MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2001.

35. Nelson Goodman. Seven structures on similarity. in [36, pp. 437–446].

36. Nelson Goodman. Problems and Projects. Bobbs-Merrill, New York, 1972.

37. Donald Gotterbarn. The use and abuse of computer ethics. Journal of Systemand Software, 17(1):75–80, 1992.

38. Donald Gotterbarn and Simon Rogerson. Computer ethics: The evolution of theuniqueness revolution. Proceedings of the Conference: Computer Ethics Philo-sophical Enquiry (CEPE 97), 1998.

39. Gordon Graham. The Internet: A Philosophical Inquiry. Routledge, London,1999.

40. Tommy Grøn. Vi sviner hinanden pa nettet. Urban, 1. sektion:1, 30th ofNovember, 2004.

41. Jurgen Habermas. Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. PolityPress, Cambridge, MA, 1992.

42. John Heil. Metafysik efter 1960. in [62, pp. 303–348].

43. Michael Heim. The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality. Oxford University Press, NewYork, 1993.

44. Michael Heim. Virtual Realism. Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford,1998.

216 Bibliography

45. Christopher Hitchcock. Probabilistic causation. Stanford Encyclopediaof Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2002/entries/causation-probabilistic/, Fall 2002.

46. Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan. Thoemmes Continuum, Bristol, 2003.

47. Ted Honderich. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press,Oxford, 1995.

48. David Hume. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals. Liberal ArtsPress, New York, 1957.

49. David Hume. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Clarendon Press,Oxford, 2000.

50. Deborah G. Johnson. Sorting out the uniqueness of computer-ethical issues.Etica and Politica, 1(2), 1999.

51. Deborah G. Johnson. Computer Ethics. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ,2000.

52. Immanuel Kant. Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. Reclam, Stuttgart,1994.

53. Immanuel Kant. Kritik af den praktiske fornuft. Hans Reitzels Forlag,Copenhagen, 2000.

54. John Ladd. Ethics and the computer world: A new challenge for philosophers.Computers and Society, 27(3):8–13, 1997.

55. Emmanuel Levinas. Etik og uendelighed. Hans Reitzels Forlag, Copenhagen,1995.

56. Emmanuel Levinas. Totalitet og uendelighed. Hans Reitzels Forlag, Copenhagen,1996.

57. Emmanuel Levinas. Fænomenologi og etik. Gyldendal, Copenhagen, 2002.

58. Pierre Levy. Collective Intelligence. Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA, 1997.

59. Pierre Levy. Becoming Virtual. Plenum Trade, New York/London, 1998.

Bibliography 217

60. Pierre Levy. Cyberculture. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN,2001.

61. Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen. Deontology, Responsibility, and Equality. MuseumTusculanum Press, Copenhagen, 2005.

62. Poul Lubcke (ed.). Engelsk og amerikansk filosofi — Videnskab og sprog. Poli-tikens Forlag, Denmark, 2003.

63. Alasdair MacIntyre. Dependent Rational Animals. Open Court, Chicago/La Salle, IL, 1999.

64. Alasdair MacIntyre. After Virtue. Duckworth, London, 2002.

65. John Mackie. Causes and conditions. in [89, pp. 33–55].

66. John Mackie. The Cement of the Universe. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974.

67. Walter Maner. Is computer ethics unique? Etica and Politica, 1(2): 1999.

68. Charles Burton Martin. Substance substantiated. Australian Journal of Philos-ophy, 58:3–10, 1980.

69. Richard O. Mason. Applying ethics to information technology issues. Commu-nications of the ACM, 38(12):55–57, 1995.

70. David McNaughton. Moral Vision. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1988.

71. James H. Moor. What is computer ethics. Metaphilosophy, 16(4):266–275, 1985.

72. James H. Moor. The future of computer ethics: You ain’t seen nothin’ yet. Ethicsand Information Technology, 3(2):89–91, 2001.

73. Peter Øhrstrøm and Per Hasle. Temporal Logic. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995.

74. Peter Øhrstrøm (ed). IT-etiske temaer. Syddansk Universitet, Kolding, 2003.

75. Derek Parfit. Reasons and Persons. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984.

76. Plato. The Republic. Ebrary, Kessinger, 1992.

77. Mark Platts. Ways of Meaning. Routledge Kegan Paul, London, 1979.

78. Mark Platts. Reference, Truth and Reality. Routledge Kegan Paul, London, 1980.

218 Bibliography

79. Thomas Ploug. Rationalitet og retfærdighed. Filosofiske Studier, 21:184–224,2001.

80. Thomas Ploug. Relationer mellem semantik og ontologi i en temporal kontekst.Filosofiske Studier, 22:118–151, 2002.

81. James Rachels. Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.

82. John Rawls. A Theory of Justice. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.

83. Howard Rheingold. The Virtual Community. MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2000.

84. Roger Scruton. Kant: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press,Oxford, 2001.

85. Peter Singer (ed.). A Companion to Ethics. Blackwell, Oxford, 1993.

86. James Slevin. The Internet and Society. Polity Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000.

87. Michael Smith. The Moral Problem. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994.

88. Lawrence Snyder. Fluency with Information Technology: Skills, Concepts &Capabilities. Pearson, Boston, MA, 2008.

89. Ernest Sosa and Michael Tooley (eds.). Causation. Oxford University Press,Oxford, 1993.

90. Richard Spinello. Cyberethics: Morality and Law in Cyberspace. Jones & Bartlett,London, 2000.

91. Derek Stanovsky. Virtual reality. in [27, pp. 167–177].

92. Eric Steinhart. Emergent values for automatons: Ethical problems of life in thegeneralized internet. Ethics and Information Technology, 1:155–160, 1999.

93. Jonathan Steuer. Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence.Journal of Communication, 4:73–93, 1992.

94. Michael Stocker. Desiring the bad: An essay in moral psychology. Journal ofPhilosophy, 76:738–753, 1979.

95. Emil Møller Svendsen. Elever sviner lærere til pa nettet. Urban, 2. sektion:1,2nd of March, 2006.

Bibliography 219

96. Alan Turing. Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59:433–460, 1950.

97. Sherry Turkle. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. Touch-stone, New York, 1995.

98. M. J. Van den Hoven. Computer ethics and moral methodology. Metaphilosophy,28(3):266–275, 1997.

99. Gary Watson. Free agency. in [100, pp. 96–110].

100. Gary Watson (ed.). Free Will. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982.

101. Bernard Williams. Internal and external reasons. in [102, pp. 101–113].

102. Bernard Williams. Moral Luck. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981.

103. Bernard Williams. Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. Harvard UniversityPress, Cambridge, MA, 1985.

104. Ludwig Wittgenstein. Philosophical Investigations. Basil Blackwell, Oxford,1974.

105. James Woodward. Causation and manipulability. Stanford Encyclopedia of Phi-losophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2001/entries/causation-mani/,Fall 2001.

106. Georg Henrik von Wright. On the logic and epistemology of the causal relation.in [89, pp. 105–124].

107. Georg Henrik von Wright. Explanation and Understanding. Cornell UniversityPress, Ithaca/New York/London, 1971.

Index

Action, 34Adams, F., 159nAlienation

and technology, 207Anders, G., 7nAnonymity, 81–83Aristotle, 15n, 118n, 192n, 196nAvatar, 72

Bandwidth, 78

Basic premise, 7, 13–29, 197

Belief

and evidence, 152–155

background, 52

in normative reason, 52

means-end, 37, 52

reality, causation, 109, 119–128

reality, determinateness, 100, 102–108

reality, life-world, 109, 128–136

reality, vulnerability, 137, 144–151

Bentham, J., 15n, 191

Birrer, F. A. J., 11n

Borgmann, A., 68n, 79n, 105n, 160n

Brink, D., 35, 36n, 116n

Brookshear, J. G., 67n

Bynum, T. W., 11n

Causation, 110–115and relevant evidence, 164–166inus condition, 111manipulability theory, 113probabilistic theory, 112regularity theory, 110

Chat-room, 3, 6, 73, 80, 92, 158, 183Cognitivism, 37Counterfactuals, 16Cyberspace, 69–84

Dancy, J., 45n, 45–51, 55n, 91n, 126n,162n

Data, 78, 79Davidson, D., 35n, 40nDepressions, moral, 17, 60Determinateness, 101

and relevant evidence, 162–164Determinedness, 101Dorato, M., 101nDretske, F., 79n, 160nDuty

Kantian ethic of, 15, 191

Evidence, 94, 158relevant, 97, 161–169reliable, 96, 172–185

Explanationand beliefs, 51–58

221

222 Index

and circumstances, 59–61intentional and deliberative, 39model of explanation, 61–64of basic premise, 199

Face of the other, 4Facebook, 73Faye, J., 112nFloridi, L., 11n, 79n, 159nFrankfurt, H., 40nFrege, G., 101n

Gauthier, D., 40n, 174n, 174–179Gert, B., 11nGettier, E., 154nGoldberg, K., 5nGoods

and human flourishing, 139–141kinds of, 139

Gotterbarn, D., 11n

Habermas, J., 119nHasle, P., 114nHeil, J., 111nHitchcock, C., 110n, 112nHobbes, T., 174n, 208Hume, D., 38, 110n, 174n

Identityexperimenting with, 172–174

Information, 79Interaction, 71

computer-mediated, 14in cyberspace, 72, 181–185

Internalism, 36agent, 36appraiser, 36, 37

Internet, 69IT ethics, 10

Johnson, D. G., 11nJohnston, D., 41n

Kant, I., 15n, 101n, 117n, 191nKnowledge

justified true belief, 154

Ladd, J., 11nLegal Tender, 5–6, 76, 203Levinas, E., 4–5, 203Lewis, D., 41nLife-world, 115–119

and relevant evidence, 166–167

MacIntyre, A., 138–144Mackie, J., 111, 112nManer, W., 11nMartin, C. B., 15nMason, R. O., 11nMcNaughton, D., 15n, 37nMediation, 14Moor, J., 11nMoral concern

particularity of, 190–196Moral problem, 37Motivation

and cognitive representations, 45and normative reasons, 44humean theory of, 37role of desire, 38, 44–45, 47–48

MySpace, 73

Parfit, D., 42nPlato, 174n

Index 223

Platts, M., 38nPloug, T., 101nPresence, 209Prisoners’ Dilemma, 175Proximity, 209

Rachels, J., 174nReality

belief, causation, 109, 119–128belief, determinateness, 100,

102–108belief, life-world, 109, 128–136belief, vulnerability, 137, 144–151of particular person, 87, 91–94

Reason for actionmotivating, 35, 139nnormative, 19, 35, 35n,

140, 189Rheingold, H., 173nRogerson, S., 11nRussel, B., 101n

Scruton, R., 191nSecond-Life, 3, 74Smith, M., 17n, 35n, 37, 38n,

39–45, 53nSnyder, L., 69n, 78nSosa, E., 111nStanovsky, D., 172n

Steinhart, E., 11nStocker, M., 17n, 40n

Tele-operation, 75, 80, 158Telerobotics, 3, 73Tooley, M., 111nTuring test, 92Turing, A., 92nTurkle, S., 173n

Utilitarianism, 15, 191

Van den Hoven, M. J., 11nVirtual world, 3, 74Virtuality, 70Virtue

Aristotelian ethic of, 15, 191Von Neumann architecture, 66Von Wright, G. H., 111n, 113–115Vulnerability

and relevant evidence, 168–169human, 137–144

Watson, G., 40nWilliams, B., 43n, 139nWittgenstein, L., 142nWoodward, J., 115nWorld Wide Web, 69

Øhrstrøm, P., 114n