BFWD Monthly Magazine - June 2015

June 2015 Volume—4 Balochistan Forest & Wildlife

Department Monthly Magazine

Volume 4 June 2015

Assalam o Alekum,

Dear fellows, as you can see with the each new edition of BFWD Monthly Magazine new information about the Forests and Wildlife of Balochistan is

being received. It is not limited to a particular area rather it outspreads to

whole area of the province. Yet, there is dire need of partaking from each dis-

trict of the province.

The BFWD Monthly Magazine team is hopeful and determined that each and

everyone of you will participate fully in making this magazine the voice of

the Forest and Wildlife Department of Balochistan.

The fellows from the rest of the provinces are also welcome who can share

their knowledge about the Forests and Wildlife.

With Best Regards

Naeem Javid Muhammad Hassani

Chief Editor

BFWD Monthly Magazine

June 2015

Welcome Note 03 Prophet Mohammed A Pioneer of the Environment 05 Coasts of Balochistan 08 A short report of District Musa Khail 15 Cape Hare 18 Killa Saifulla Part—II 22 Olea ferrugenia 26 Climatic Issues of Pakistan 28 Green Activities around Awaran 32 Your Photos 35

MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30

June 2015

Table of Contents

(pbuh) has also been con-

cerned with the environment

and its protection, and he has

left behind, if

you will,

“ecological sun-

nah (practices of

the Prophet).”

This phrase re-

fers to the love

the Prophet had

for the living

beings and na-

ture, his verbal

teachings con-

cerning their

protection as well

as his acts in line

with this motiva-

tion. The hadith

(sayings of the

Prophet) sources

examined in this

context reveal

many direct and

indirect hadiths

related to the field.

O ne of the most threat-

ening problems of the

present day doubtlessly con-

cerns the envi-

ronment. The

world up to this

day has never

experienced an

environmental

problem at such

a comprehensive

level. At its cen-

ter resides the

human element

that owns the

potential to pro-

tect it. It is a

religious and

national duty to

try to leave a

better environ-

ment for the next

generations. In

this context,

Islam has priori-

tized and

preached the protection of the

environment.

Through the course of his

life, Prophet Muhammad

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

A Pioneer of the Environment

Ecological Sunnah

may do ablution with that

water later” (Bukhara,

“Vudu” B.68; Muslim,

“Taharat” H.No: 95-96).

These hadiths contain many

warnings against the pollu-

tion of rivers and seas. There

are distinctive provisions

admonishing urination in

waterlines, under fruit trees,

on roads and in places that

people rested and keeping

animals at a distance from the

wells. It is even stated that

these acts are actually forbid-

den in Islam. The hadiths

point to the need to keep the

masjids clean, not to urinate

by the water sources, river

sides and stagnant water;

“Any of you shall not urinate

in dead water because they


Admonitions

June 2015

Volume 4

Greening and Afforestation

Rewards of Planting

for a little money “((Bukhara,

"Ijara" B.2; Ibn Maja, "Tijârât"

B.5). Moreover, the

Prophet owned

many animals

(horse, sheep, goat,

etc.), orchards and

gardens in later

parts of his life.

Therefore, the

Prophet displayed

some exemplary

behavior in the

greening and affor-

esting of the envi-

ronment.

The Prophet had been closely

involved with the environment

and nature ever

since he was a

child. He ex-

plains that he

used to be a

shepherd like

other prophets:

“When the

Prophet said

‘Allah did not

send a prophet

who did not

herd cattle,’ the

Companions

said: “The Messenger of Allah,

have you also herded cattle?”

He replied: “Yes, indeed I

have herded sheep of Meccans

First Protected Area

One of his greatest efforts in

this context was to afforest

an area called “Zuraybu’t

Taweel,” where he an-

nounced: “Whoever cuts a

tree here should plant a new

tree instead.” Together with

this regulation the area short-

ly turned into a forest. The

Prophet also declared an area

of 12 mile distance from the

center of Medina as haram

(forbidden by religion) and

also prohibited the cutting of

trees and the killing of ani-

mals within its borders.

(Ahmad b.Hanbal, Musnad, V,

415.)

“Whoever plants a tree and

diligently looks after it until it

matures and bears fruit is re-

warded,”

(Ahmad b.Hanbal, Musnad,

IV, 61, 374)

“Whoever plants a tree and it

matures, Allah plants a tree in

paradise for that person.”


IV, 61).

The existence of many hadiths

that encourage the greening

and afforesting of the environ-

ment clearly reflects the

Prophet’s concern thereof.

“If a Muslim plants a tree or

grow grains and a bird, a per-

son or an animal eats from it

will be counted as a charity for

him.”

(Bukhara, "al-Khars ve'l-

Muzara", Muslim, "Musakaat",

H. No: 12).

“If any of you have a date

sapling on the doomsday he

should plant it -if possible.”

(Bukhara, Edebu'l-mufred,

(thk., Halid Abdurrahman), p.

138, Daru'l-Ma'rife, Beirut,

1966). The aim here is to make

people understand the im-

portance of planting trees.

“Whoever plants a tree is re-

warded by Allah as much as

the produce grown in that

tree.”

Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)

A Pioneer of the Environment

Saying of Prophet (PBUH)

“Whoever cuts a tree here

should plant a new tree

instead.”

Greatest Environmentalist

Treating animals in a humane

manner and abandoning tradi-

tions that harm them is an

irrefutable precondition of

being civilized. As the greatest

environmentalist, Prophet

Muhammad had affirmative

practices in relation to the

environment throughout his

life. At the root of the hadiths

which are related to the

environment lie sensitiv-

ity for nature and a con-

sciousness to protect it.

Love for all Livings

we should be merciful not only

to humans but also to other

The Prophet also emphasized

the role of love in treating the

environment with care and

affection. He has expressed his

love for Mountain Uhud as:

“This is a mount which likes

us; we also love it.” (Bukhara,

“Meghazi”, B. 27).


IV, 61).

Without making any differenti-

ation Islam has preached the

equal responsibility of human

beings to all living creatures.

Just as important as the human

rights, it is crucial to observe

the rights of the animals. A

person has the obligation to

show compassion and mercy

to other living beings.

“Allah the Merciful mercy the

merciful. Be merciful to those

on the earth so that those in

the heavens mercy you.”

(Tirmizi, “Birr”: B.16).

“...Those who are not merciful

will not be get mercy...”

...” (Bukhara, “Edeb” B. 18;

Muslim, “Fedail” H.No: 65).

These two hadiths show that

Rights of Animals

and to treat their cubs with

compassion. Considering even

a cat as a family member, he

stated that every good deed

concerning an animal would

be rewarded.

The Prophet has prohibited

practices against animals such

as hitting them, practicing

shooting by targeting them,

inciting them to fight, hunting

for fun, and using a slingshot

to hunt them. It is mentioned

in hadiths that the humans will

be accounted for their bad

treatment of animals.

By saying, “Allah will ask

those who kill a sparrow un-

fairly on the day of judg-

ment.” (Muslim, “Sayd”

H.No:57) the Prophet asked

people not to torture animals.

He forbade cauterizing and

cursing animals, ruining bird

nests, and removing chicks

from their nest. He also want-

ed people to keep domestic

animals and their sheds clean

The Prophet (SAWW)

has prohibited hunting

for fun.

W henever someone say ‘Baluchistan’, an image that comes in a mind is

basically a desert, camels, and nothing else. But once you would see

these beaches of Balochistan, you would visualize this province a very different

way next time. These naturally preserved beaches, look so beautiful and

mesmerizing. Next time, when you would visit deserts of Balochistan, do visit

these beaches. Some of these beaches are just near deserts and it gives an

amazing extravaganza when you see desert and ocean side by side.


Coasts of Balochistan June 2015

Gwadar Beach

By

Sadia Khan Tunio

Coasts of Balochistan

Jiwani Beach, Gwadar

Pishukan Beach, Gwadar

Pasni Gwadar

Tahsil Beach, Gwadar


Paddi Zirr (West Bay) Beach Gwadar

Ormara, Gwadar

Astola Island or Jazeera Haft Talaar

(Pic courtesy: Sir Aziz Ahmad Jamali)

Beach on Astola Island Pic Courtesy: Sir Aziz Ahmad Jamali


Sunset at West Bay Gwadar

Golden Beach, Hingol National Park

Kundmalir Beach, Hingol National Park

Kundmalir Beach, Hingol National Park


Sonmiani, Lasbela District

Lasbela Beach

Gaddani Beach, Lasbela Pic Courtesy: Ovais Akbar Divisional Forest Of-ficer

Daaran beach –

Green Turtles Nesting Ground

Phone: +923337830960

Fax: 0838-710381

Email: [email protected]

Endeavor to protect

Forests and Wildlife.


Golden Beach

Hingol National Park

Pic By: Naeem Javid M. Hassani

The areas of Droog,

Anderpur, Girgoji, Nath,

Kiwan, Takki Essot, Zimri

Plasins, Karkana, Toisar,

Tangisar, Laishah, Kingri,

Sirti Tak and Laof are the

places with some wonder-

ful dense Forests.

M usakhel is

located from

30 -17 to 31 -28 north

latitudes and from 69 -

28 to 70 -15 east longi-

tudes. It is bounded on the

North by the Dera Ismail

Khan District, on the East

by the Dera Ghazi Khan

district, on the South by

the Barkhan District, and

on the West by the narrow

strips

of Loralai and Zhob

Districts. Total area of the

District is 5,727

square Kilometers.

District Musa Khail is only

second to District Ziarat in

the province with highest

Forest cover of wonderful

Forests with highly valua-

ble species e.g. Zaytoon

( Olea ferruginea), Phulai

(Acacia modesta) and Ber

(Zizyphus nummularia).

Introduction

Do you know?

Musa Khail is

highly renowned

for its block plan-

tation of Eucalyp-

tus.


June 2015

Volume 4

En route to Tehsil Droog District MusaKhail

Saeed Ahmed Dummar Divisional Forest Officer

The Forests have reserve

species with very im-

portant and rich Wildlife.

The District is place of

high interest for the for-

eign and hunters from the

others Provinces.

plantations may be seen in

various areas of the dis-

trict. During the last dec-

ade many block plantations

have been raised especially

in the tenure of M.

Zulfiqar and Nasrullah

Khan Mandokhel in their

respect stint as DFO at

Musa Khail. Still there is a

huge demand among the

people of the district for

Eucalyptus for the same

Musa Khail is highly re-

nowned for its block plan-

tation of Eucalyptus and

some highly successful

type of plantation done on

the land of various Farm-

ers.

Irrespective of the propa-

ganda- Eucalyptus being

damaging to agricultural

land, the people of Musa

Khail prefer the plantation

of Eucalyptus and Popular

than any other species.

Block Plantations

control illegal movement

of wood and wildlife. It is

also imperative to mention

the number of staff is too

very less i.e. only 12 For-

est Guards and Six Game

Watchers in the district

which has let to increase in

the cutting of precious

trees and wild fauna.

Problems and recommendations

In the recent years massive

cutting and hunting is re-

ported in the said area if

the status quo remained

continue for some more

years there is a fear and we

are at a risk of being de-

prived of some very valua-

ble Forests and ecosys-

tems. It is very humbly

suggested at least Four

permanent check post may

be established in the area

of Kingri, Toisar, Dakian

point and area of Laki to

A SHORT REPORT OF DISTRICT MUSA KHAIL

Four permanent

check post may be

established in the

area of Kingri,

Toisar, Dakian

point and area of

Laki to control

illegal movement of

wood and wildlife.

A patch of Olea (Zaytoon) Forest

A view of Acacia modesta

Forest Department in 1996

purchased 16 acres land

from a local farmer for the

purpose of Forest offices,

colony and Nursery. Ini-

tially a two rooms quarter

was built and the land was

fenced by barbed wires by

the than Divisional Forest

Officer Haji Sahib Jan but

very soon the wires along

with the submersible of the

tube well were theft by the

unknown men and the

Department suspended its

activities for long time due

to shortage of staff and

some other issues. In the

recent days under the De-

velopment Scheme Estab-

lishment of nurseries of

Chilghoza, Walnut, Olive,

Pistachio and Shina project

the rehabilitation of the

Nursery is in final stages.

08 acres of land is pre-

pared for trial plot for the

said species and similarly a

plot for 30,000 plants cut-

ting is also in the final

stages. These efforts have

regained the land and re-

duced great chances of

encroachment.

Rehabilitation of Nursery at Dargai, Musa Khail

Volume 4

Rehabilitation of Forest Nursery

T he Cape hare (Lepus capensis), also called brown hare and desert hare is a hare native to Africa and Arabia into India and Pakistan. It is a nocturnal herbivore.

Hares and jackrabbits are leporids belonging to the genus Lepus. Hares are clas-sified into the same family as rabbits and are of similar size, form, and diet as rab-bits. They are generally her-bivorous, long-eared, and fast runners, and typically live solitarily or in pairs.

A hare less than one year old

is called a leveret. The col-

lective noun for a group of

hares is a "drove".

Introduction

Biology

Hares can run up to 56 km/h (35 mph). The five species of jackrabbit found in cen-tral and west-ern North America are able to run at 64 km/h (40 mph), and can leap up to 3m (ten feet) at a time. Hare changes its behavior in spring, when hares can be seen in day-time chasing one another; this appears to be competi-

tion between males to attain dominance (and hence more

access to breeding females). During this spring frenzy,

hares can be seen "boxing"; one hare striking another

with its paws (probably the origin of the term "mad as a March hare"). For a long time, this had been thought to be inter-male competition, but closer observation has revealed it is usually a female hitting

a male to prevent copulation.


June 2015 Volume 4

Hare

Do you know that?

A hare less than one

year old is called a lever-

et.

The collective noun for a

group of hares is a

"drove".

After a 42-day-long preg-

nancy, the female gives

birth to from one to three

young, termed leverets,

per litter and may have

as many as 4 litters per

year.

By

Mehmood Khan

Sub Divisional Officer, Wildlife

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leporid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_%28biology%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_animal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_noun


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_%28ethology%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_as_a_March_hare




The Cape Hare is a typical hare,

with well-developed legs for

leaping and running, and large

eyes and ears to look out for

threats from its environment.

There is usually a white ring

around the eye. It has a fine,

soft coat which varies in colour

from light brown to reddish to

sandy grey. Unusually among

mammals, the female is larger

than the male; this phenomenon

is called sexual dimorphism.

Because of its

large range, the

Cape Hare is

evaluated by

IUCN as "Least

Concern", alt-

hough the popula-

tion trend is de-

creasing.

Appearance

Conservation status

Ecology pable of outrunning them is the

cheetah. All other predators are

ambush and/or opportunistic

hunters; examples of these are

leopards, caracals, and black-

backed jackals.

After a 42-day-long pregnancy,

the female gives birth to from

one to three young, termed lev-

erets, per litter and may have as

many as 4 litters per year. A

characteristic of hares which

differentiates them from rabbits

is that the young are born preco-

cial; that is, the young are born

with eyes open and are able to

move about shortly after birth.

The Cape Hare is no exception

in this regard.

The Cape Hare is a herbivore,

typically eating grass and shrubs

of various types. Coprophagy,

the consumption of an organ-

ism's own fecal material to dou-

ble the amount of time food

spends in the digestive tract, is a

common behavior amongst

rabbits and hares. This habit

allows the animal to extract the

maximum nourishment from its

diet, and microbes present in the

pellets also provide nutrients.

Like other hares, they are fast.

The only predator which is ca-

Do you know?

A characteristic of

hares which

differentiates them

from rabbits is that

the young are born

precocial; that is,

the young are born

with eyes open and

are able to move

about shortly after

birth.

Hare

Geographic Range

Habitat It may be found in macchia-type

vegetation, grassland, bushveld,

and semi-desert areas.

Do you know?

Coprophagy, the

consumption of an

organism's own

fecal material to

double the amount

of time food spends

in the digestive

tract, is a common

behavior amongst

rabbits and hares.

Volume 4

Foot Print of Wild Rabbit Pic taken by Mehmood Khan (SDO Wildlife) Harnai, at Ziarat

Foot Print of Wild Rabbit: Pic taken by Mehmood Khan (SDO Wildlife) Harnai, at Ziarat

Phone: +923337830960

Fax: 0838-710381


Mehmood Khan (SDO Wildlife) has already

written in previous editions of this magazine.

His services at a glance:

In March edition his contribution was

about the ‘Black Bear’ of Balochistan.

In April edition his contribution was

about Cannis lupus

The BFWD Monthly Magazine Team is thank-

ful to him for his continuous support and con-

tributions.


Endeavor to protect

Forests and Wildlife.

Wildlife Habitat type is Dry

Steppe. There are no historical

bench marks to determine the sta-

tus of wildlife in the area. Howev-

er, the community informs that the

number of wildlife species has

declined; which could aptly be

attributed to casual attitude for

hunting and habitat degradation.

Among key species:

Notified Protected Area (PAs)

There are no notified state protect-

ed areas in the district; however,

the “Torghar Conservancy” is a

role model of Community Man-

aged Conservation Area in Paki-

stan, its brief introduction is as

under:

Torghar Conservancy is located in

the northern most part of Toba

Kakar Range in Killa Saifullah

District. The conservancy contains

the last remnant population of in-

ternationally threatened Straight-

horned Markhor (Capra falconeri

megaceros) and Afghan Urial

(Ovis orientalis cycloceros).

Straight Horned Markhor is an

endangered species and is listed in

Appendix I of CITES. Afghan

Urial is on Appendix II of CITES.

In 1985, the local people of Tor-

ghar Mountains started a modest

conservation program with the help

of a local NGO called “Society for

Torghar Environmental Protec-

tion” (STEP). A survey carried out

in 1994 by Dr. Kurt Johnson on

behalf of US Fish and Wildlife

Service estimated a population of

only about 400 animals (Markhor

and Urial). With its own modest

resources and the help of a GEF

Small Grant (UNDP) Project,

STEP was able to continue this

small-scale community based con-

servation programme with unprece-

dented results. Another survey

sponsored by US Fish and Wildlife

Service and carried out in 1999 by

Michael Frisina revealed that popu-

lations of both the Markhor and

Urial were showing a steady in-

crease and Markhor population was

estimated to be 1648 animals and

that of Urial to be 1742 animals.

Later on, A GEF (UNDP) Medium

Grant project “Conservation of

Habitat & Species of Global Sig-

nificance in Arid & Semi Arid

Ecosystem in Balochistan” with the

counterpart funds from Forest &

Wildlife Department, Government

of Balochistan supported this initi-

ative from 2003-04 till to date. This

conservation effort demonstrated

the success of a community-based

management approach, by provid-

ing incentives for compliance, and

promoting sustainable resource use

opportunities.


June 2015 Volume 4

Killa SAifullah—Part II

Wildlife

S.No. Type Common Species

Mammals Straight-horned Markhor (Capra falconeri megaceros), Afghan Urial (Ovis orientalis cycloceros), Wolf (Canis lupus), Hill fox (Vulpes vulpes grifithii), Asiatic Jackal (Canis aureus), Cape hare (Lepus capensis), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Afghan Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus megalotis), Afghan Pica (Ochotona rufescens) and Stone Marten (martes foina) etc.

2. Birds Chukar (Alectoris chukar), See see partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis), Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Magpie (Pica pica), Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos daphanea), a number of Finches, buntings, seasonal/migratory waterfowls, hawks, bustards and sand grouse etc.

3. Reptiles Afghan Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii), Afghan Agama (Trapelus megal-onyx), Indian Cobra (Naja naja naja), Saw-scale viper (Echis carinatus), Dwarf Dark-headed racer (Eirenis persica walteri) Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina), etc.

Muhammad Anwar Kakar Range Forest Officer

In a recent survey, in Tor-

ghar Conservancy, the

Markhor population was

estimated to be 1648 ani-

mals and that of Urial to be

1742 animals.

Kala Zira (Carum bulbocasta-num)

Spandae (Paganum hermala) Valanae (Mentha sylvestris) Walaghunai (Dephne oleoides) Gung (Vitex agnus-castus)

Resident communities also make use

of some of the Non Timber Forest

Products (NTFPs), mostly medicinal

plants, for household consumption and

sometimes also for sale in the local

market. The important species are:

Juniper (Juniperus excelsa poly-carpos)

Artemisia (Artemisia meritima) Ephedra (Ephedra nebrodensis),

the species explained above, under Forest Production.

Ephedra (Ephedra intermedia), the species explained above, under Forest Production.

Morae /Ajwain (Thymus surphyl-lum)

Zralg (Berberis lycium) Surai (Rosa beggeriana) Shinshobae (Perowskia abrota-

noides) Sursanda (Hymenocrater sessili-

folius)

Wildlife Statistics

Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)

Forest Production

ment and hedges around

Agricultural lands in areas

near to the forests.

Timber is not produced on

commercial basis. Wood

from Juniper and its associ-

ated trees is utilized for fuel

wood, construction of hut-

Do you know?

In a recent

survey, in

Torghar

Conservancy,

the Markhor

population

was estimated

to be 1648

animals and

that of Urial to

be 1742

animals.

Killa SAifullah—Part II

Qamardin Karez is an important winter visiting site of migratory birds in Balochistan.

Wetlands

In the district wood obtained from the forests is mainly

used for fuel purposes, because other sources of fuel

are either not available or, if available, are too expen-

sive. There is no data available about the quantity of

exploited wood. Historically, nomads have been in-

volved in the exploitation of wood. In the recent past,

refugees from Afghanistan have exploited this resource

mercilessly.

Female involvement

in the forest activities

is rare and limited to

some jobs like col-

lecting herbs, bushes

and shrubs. Some-

times they also col-

lect fuel wood.

Forest reserve has

depleted due to non-

availability of cheap

sources of fuel ener-

gy other then wood.

The forestry sector conclusion

is:

Area under forest

reserves in district

Killa Saifullah is very

low. The proportion of

the planted forest vis a

vis natural forest is

even lower. Judging

from the international

standard, forest re-

serves are rare.

The environmental and

ecological balance is im-

paired due to soil erosion,

depletion of range land and

population pressure.

The institutional capacity of

Forestry Department needs

restructuring. Management

needs vigor, so that effec-

tive control on the degrada-

tion of overall environments

will be possible.

Cutting / Marketing / Processing

Conclusion and Major Development Issues

Structure and Functions of the

Forest and Wild Life Department

management

Watershed Manage-

ment.

Soil Conservation and

Desertification control.

Functions of the Balochistan

Forests and Wildlife Depart-

ment in the district are listed as

under:

Forest Conservation

and management

Rangeland development

Wildlife Conservation

and protected areas

It is surprising

that, though Killa

Saifullah district

is one of the most

important

horticultural

areas of

Balochistan, bee-

keeping is not

considered an

economic

activity.

Volume 4

The part—I of this article was

published in April 2015. The main

points discussed in Part—I were:

Introduction of Killa Saifulla

District.

Major vegetation.

Notified Forests

Community Plantations

Range Lands


Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife.

Phone: +923337830960

Fax: 0838-710381

process of deforestation not

only reduced the vegetative

cover but it also exposed

the soil to erosive process-

es culminating into less

recharge and ultimately

affecting supply of ground

and perennial water in the

downstream valleys. In this

context, reforestation and

improvement of Shina

Forests is must to improve

the productive potential of

downstream valley and

supporting sustenance of

the resident communities.

Climate change.

For immediate financial

gains unplanned agriculture

The major development issues are:

Lack of awareness and

aptitude towards conserva-

tion of forests and range-

lands.

Historically the catchment

areas of the valleys were

covered by Shina Forests

(Pistacia khinjjak), which

played an important role in

sustenance of communities

living in proximity. But

due to relentless grazing

and fuel wood pressure, in

absence of fodder and ener-

gy alternatives, the once

good forest cover reduced

to an open canopy with

isolated stands /trees. The

activities have subsided the

natural vegetation.

Lack of alternate energy

source.

Irrational land use and its

management.

No community system in

place for management of

wastelands.

Deficiency of alternate

source of forage for live-

stock feeding.

Wildlife being hunted for

fun and food; some out of

necessity for status and

prestige.

Major Development Issues

COMMON NAMES: Kahu, Indian

Olive.

DESCRIPTION: A small, evergreen

tree 9 to 12 in tall with diameters of

0.3 to 0.6 m. The leaves are simple, 3

to 10 cm long.

The whitish, flowers are arranged in

bunches. They bloom between

March and September. The fruit is a

drupe 8 mm long, that mature be-

tween May and December.

DISTRIBUTION: The tree is native

to the subcontinent including Paki-

stan, Afghanistan, and India. In Paki-

stan it is found on the lower hills of

Azad Kashmir, Punjab, NWIF'P,

Balochistan and in the hills on the

west side of the Indus in the Sindh.

Introduction

SILVICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY:

A tolerant tree that grows on a

variety of calcareous, loamy,

to gravel sandy soils. It is

adapted to a precipitation zone

of 250 to 1000 mm/yr. it pre-

fers an arid to semiarid, cool-

cold temperate, sub-humid

semi -arid, cool warm sub-

tropical climate with a temper-

ature range of -10 to 40 0C at

elevations from 500 to 2: 0 m.

It coppices easily, and is frost

and drought resistant. It has no

known insect or disease prob-

lems.

REPRODUCTION: It is re-

produced both from seed and

by vegetative mean. The seeds

should be planted immediately

after collection, as stored seed

loses its ability rapidly. One

year old poly bag plants are

suitable for field planting.

PRODUCTIVITY: It grows

very slow. MAI of 0.25 cm is

common. One year old cop-

pice shoots are 0.25 to 0. 30 in

tall. Trees with heights of 3.5

m and diameters of 3 cm in a

year period have been report-

ed.

MANAGEMENT IMPLICA-

TIONS: This is a good tree for

reforestation projects in arid

areas. It also has potential as

an oil and fruit tree. Attempts

to graft better varieties could

increase both oil and fruit

production. The wood is of

value, and can be used for

fuel, while the foliage makes

good fodder.

Volume 4

June 2015

Olea ferruginea Royle

(Oleaceae)


GRAIN: Close, even. COLOR: Sapwood is white, heartwood varies from light brown to nearly black. DENSITY: Specific gravity of 1.125. STRENGTH: Hard, heavy and resilient. USES: Construction, fuel, tool handles, fodder, watershed protection, and fruit and oil.

References & Courtesy: 1. Sheikh,.M.I. (1993) Trees of Pakistan

2. http://www.wikipedia.com

3. http://www.google.com

WOOD PROPERTIES

Phone: +923337830960

Fax: 0838-710381


In previous Editions of BFWD We have Discussed:

Quetta Pine (Pinus halepensis)

Ghaz (Tamarix Aphylla)

Tut (Morus alba)

The BFWD Team welcomes your advices and appreciates

your sharings in this regard. You can write about any par-

ticular species of your area. Endeavor to protect Forests

and Wildlife.


P akistan is basically an

agricultural country,

the landscape

is predomi-

nantly arid.

Water, al-

ready a

scarce com-

modity in

most parts of

the country,

is now facing

further short-

ages. Be-

cause of the

poverty and

population

growth, there

has been an

over-

exploitation

of natural

resources.

An unplanned increase in

industrialization and urbaniza-

tion has led to pollution in

water, air, and land. Along

with water shortages, land

degradation has been an issue.

Environmental issues in Paki-

stan threaten the population’s

health and have been disturb-

ing the balance between eco-

nomic development and envi-

ronmental protection not

much serious attention was

paid to

environ-

mental

issues in

Pakistan.

Related

concerns,

such as

renewable

resources

for power

produc-

tions, sani-

tation and

potable

water,

received

earlier

scrutiny.

Volume 4

Introduction

June 2015

Do you know?

In 2012, Ministry of

Environment was dis-

solved and Ministry of

Climate Change was

created.

Climatic issues of Pakistan

If we talk about, consider

2012 in Pakistan, it was really

difficult for environment and

climatic conditions. First

shock given by Government

was the dissolution of the

Ministry of Environment and

the creation of a new Ministry

of Climate Change. The

breakdown and reconstruction

of institute took much time so

many serious issues were

neglected badly. Almost at the

end of year, in September

Ministry decide to develop

programs to meet the water,

food and energy security is-

sues posed by unpredictable

Issues as well as prepare the

country for increased inci-

dences of natural disasters,

spread of disease.

A view in Past

By

Badar-Un-Nissa Khan

Over 90 percent of Pakistan’s

water resource is used in agri-

culture. The

agricultural

sector em-

ploys nearly

half of the

workforce

and gener-

ates a quar-

ter of GDP.

Soil used

for cropping

is badly

affected by

uncon-

trolled utilization of Pesticides

causing soil pollution and

resulted in contaminated food

production. According to

World Health Organization

(WHO), about 25 million

agricultural workers in our

country suffer from pesticide

poisoning each year that in-

clude a significant number of

women. Women become vic-

tim of pesticides

while performing

different agro-

nomic practices

in fields. Pesti-

cides poisoning

was also well

common In Paki-

stan, about 30

per cent women

had been full-

time farm work-

ers while about

70 per cent were

indirectly or directly engaged

in farming.

capital in Pakistan is much

less – below 1,100 cubic me-

ters a year, down from 5,500

meters a year in 1950, accord-

A report of the United Nations

Environment Pro-

gramme (UNEP),

per capita availabil-

ity of water in the

Indus basin, which

lies below the Hin-

du Kush, Karako-

rum, and Himala-

yan mountains and

is shared by Af-

ghanistan, China,

India, and Pakistan, is nearly

1,329 cubic metres per year.

But water availability per

ing to government reports in

2012. Floods and

glacial melt, and

the silt they carry,

have reduced the

storage capacity of

our water reservoirs

and have also re-

duced hydro power

production. An

unusually long

winter and delayed

melting of glaciers were blamed

for power shortages in June.

Climatic Variations

Agriculture Pollution

Per-Capita Water Avalibility

age of food. Salinity affects

some 60 percent of Pakistan’s

coastal farming lands, the

United Nations estimates. Due

to such geographical situa-

tions Pakistan faces climate

extremes from very hot and

arid temperatures of over 40

degrees Celsius, to severe

monsoon rains and below zero

degrees in winter. Pakistan in

2010 was hit by the worst

floods in its history, with 84

out of 121 districts affected. The climate in Pakistan varies

with altitude, which in turn

affects the type of vegetation.

It has some of the world’s

highest cold areas that occur

above 5,175 m in the Himala-

yas and the hottest low areas

in the Indus Plains with many

intermediate ecological

zones . Flooding after effects

further causing salinity in

many areas leading to short-

According to World

Health Organization

(WHO), about 25

million agricultural

workers in our

country suffer from

pesticide poisoning

each year that include

a significant number

of women.

Volume 4

Climatic issues of Pakistan

In recent years the Monsoon

patterns have mainly disturb

severely .The precipitation

was 50% below normal all

over Pakistan. Normally as

much as 80 percent of South

Asia‘s rain falls during the

June-to-September monsoon.

But in the period until the end

of July dry weather has been

observed all over Pakistan.

This shortage of rain is caus-

ing further negative impact on

food commodities and the

shortage of food results in

inflation of food prices.

Air Pollution

Change in Monsoon Pattern

exceeded WHO’s recom-

mended levels. It however

happens only during crowded

hours not 24 hours a day. To

tackle the situation we need to

develop a ‘Clean Air Pro-

gram’. In Pakistan it is esti-

mated that 24% of the global

disease burden and 23% of all

deaths can be attributed to

environmental factors. About

36% of this burden affects

children from 0 to 14 years of

age.

Air pollution as usual was

major problem in most cities,

and cause of many health

hazards but no special atten-

tion was given to forest or tree

plantations. Carbon monoxide

emission levels in Karachi and

Lahore have considerably

“To catch the reader's

attention, place an

interesting sentence or

quote from the story

here.”

Destructions caused by floods in Pakistan

Air pollution at Quetta Pic Courtesy: Naeem Javid M. Hassani


country. Government planners

and policy makers, in collabo-

ration with non-government

organisations, will need to

develop their knowledge and

skills and those of water users

to understand and prepare for

Be Positive for coming days

and must try to enforce the

law of land and for that we

have to start a voluntary self-

monitoring program because it

is not possible to send inspec-

tors to every industry in the

the new challenges posed by

climate change.

Still there is HOPE!!

Phone: +923337830960

Fax: 0838-710381


Endeavor to protect Forests

and Wildlife.

Badar-un-Nissa Khan has already contributed in previous editions

of this magazine. The BFWD Team is thankful to her for her contin-

uous support and contributions. In previous editions she has con-

tributed:

1. Is CO2 main culprit of global warming or not? (March

2015)

2. A non edible bio fuel in peril (April 2015)

Courtesy: Sir Aziz Ahmad Jamali


Green Activities around Awaran District June 2015

Volume 4

Pictorial Introduction to Clean & Green Activities in Awaran District.

Orchard in the making: backyard of DC House

Proposed design for the Monument in Public Park

Awaran Nursery

Green Activities around Awaran District

More Planting

Housing Reconstruction Awaran (HRA) Project pro-motes clean & green activities

Forest & Wildlife Goko Check Post is being improved and strengthened

__ Views of Divisional Forest Officer Awaran Abid Ali

Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife.

Phone: +923337830960

Fax: 0838-710381


A SILENT MESSAGE

BFWD Monthly Magazine - June 2015

Documents

Transcript of BFWD Monthly Magazine - June 2015