Bai Giang-translation 2

7/25/2019 Bai Giang-translation 2

1/36

1

NHA TRANG UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSLATION & INTERPRETATION

TRANSLATION 2

COMPILED BY

Ms. NGUYN TH KIP, M.A

August, 2011


2/36

2

LESSON 1:

INTRODUCTION TO THE STYLES AND LINGUISTIC LEVELS

IN TRANSLATION

Styles play an important role in translation and strongly affect the second language meaning. Due tothe context, text-type and audience, the levels of language in translation can be different - the informal

language used in informal situations ; colloquial used in spoken language; familiar language usedamong friends, relatives, members in a family; formal language used in formal texts such as speechesin conference, legal documents, business letter and documents, research papers.

The examples given below clearly indicate that the same massage could be expressed in differentstyles.( Look at 1,2 & 3; 4&5; 6&7 )

1. Drop me a line. ( informal )

2. Remember to write me a letter. ( neutral )

3. I look forward to your letter. ( informal )

4. They can escape from family supervision. ( formal)

5. Their parents cant keep an eye on them. (colloquial)

6. They are completely armed. ( formal)

7. They are armed to teeth. ( colloquial)

Notes:Style error is an acute problem to the translators. There are translators who did not master thedifference when using various styles such as conversational, academic, scientific, literary styles. Manytranslators failed when coming across the unfamiliar styles due to being unaware of degrees offormality (informal or formal style), usage of vocabulary (informal, colloquial, and formal)

These are some style errors taken out from some Vietnamese- English translations.

1.Nu chng ti t hng vi s lng ln, liu doanh nghip anh c bn vi gi rkhng?If we place substantial orders, can your enterprise get us withsoft pri ce?

It is impossible to use informal style in a business letter. Instead of using soft pri ce , thetranslator should use cheaper pri ce.

2. Thi tit H ni khng thch hp cho ngi gi. Ma h tri nng nh thiu t , trong khi mang lnh n xng ty.

The weather in Hanoi is not favorable for the old. It is burning hotin summer while it chills to thebonesin winter.

It is impossible to use informal style to translate a formal text . Instead of using burning hot , the

translator should use exceedingly hot.


3/36

3

LESSON 2: LINGUISTIC LEVELS

1. FormalityFor example:

Mr. and Mrs. Jones request the pleasure of the company of Mr. and Mrs. Williams at dinner

on Saturday, October 16

th

, at 7 oclock.13411 Wells Rivers Dr. Houston, TX.Friday, October 1st .

R.S.V.P

2. In formality+ Example 1:

Dear Mrs. Brown,The girls have persuaded me to arrange a little dance for them during the Christmasholidays, and we plan to have it on Friday the 17th. Will you and your daughters and your

older boy give us the pleasure of your company on that evening at eight oclock? Weshould like to see your husband also, but I seem to remember he doesnt care for dancing;still if you can persuade him to come, we should be very pleased.

YoursMary

+ Example 2:- Bit c hai bn va t chc nh hn, nn ti vit my dng ny chc mng ngay.- Ti rt vui c bit hai bn va t chc nh hn nn rt nng lng mun chc mng

hai bn ngay.Notes: - knowing of / that / hearing of

- to be engaged

- engagement (n)- hasten to send you.

3.

Literary style

Example 1:

Charles Dickens is one of the worlds greatest novelists. He belongs to the brilliant schoolof 19thcentury critical realists. What we value most in Dickenss works is his criticism ofthe English bourgeois society of his time with its evils and contrasts of wealth and poverty.The world he describes is that of the middle and lower classes particularly of London.

.

Notes: - belong to the brilliant school: - thuc trng phi- critical realist : - hin thc ph phn- criticism (n) : - s ph phn- evil (n) : - ti c- bourgeois society : - x hi tbn- class : - giai cp


4/36

4

Example 2:

FISHING FOR JASMINEBy John Ravenscroft

The silent young woman in bed number six is called Jasmine. So am I, but namesare only superficial things, floats bobbing on the surface of the water, and we sharedeeper connections than that. Which is why she fascinates me- why I spend my off-duty

time sitting beside her.Today is difficult. The ward heaves with patients and I am kept busy emptying bed-

pans, filling out forms, changing dressings. Finally, late in the afternoon, I get a fewmoments to make coffee, to take it over to the orange plastic chair beside her bed. I amthankful to be off my feet, glad to be in her company once again.

Hello, Jasmine, I say as if greeting myself.She does not reply. Jasmine never replies. She is down too deep. Like me, she has beensea-damaged. I too am the daughter of a fisherman, so I bait my words like fish- hooks,cast them into her ears, imagine them sinking down through cold, dark water. Down towherever she may be.

I have little time today, I tell her, touching her hair.With Jasmine, it is always difficult not to touch. She is that rare thing, a truly

beautiful woman. Because of this, people invent reasons to walk by. I catch themlooking, drinking her in, feeding on her. They are barracuda, all of them. Wheelchair-

pushing porters who slow to a crawl when they near her bed. Roaming visitors withgreedy eyes. Doctors who stop, draw the thin screen of curtain, and continually re-examine that which does not need examination.

Great beauty is something Jasmine and I do not share. I am glad of it. Your father may be here soon, I say. Last week he said he would come.

Jasmine says nothing. Her left eyelid flickers, perhaps.It is two months since the incident on her fathers fishing boat, since she fell overboard,sank, became entangled in the nets. It was some time before anyone noticed, then therewas panic. Her father hauled her back on board and sailed for home. When he finallyarrived, he carried ashore what he thought his daughters body.

Jasmine, I whisper. I want her to take our baited name. I want her to swallow it.Fortunately, there was a doctor in the village that morning, a young man visitingrelatives. It was he who brought this drowned woman back from the brink, he who toldme her story. She opened her eyes, he said, looked up at her father and spoke a singlewordthen sank again, this time into coma.

Barracuda. That is what Jasmine said.When her father visits, he touches her hair, kisses her cheek, sits in the orange plasticchair at the side of her bed and holds her hand. Like my own father, he has the big,

brown, life- roughened hands of a fisherman. He too smells of the sea, and pretends heis a good, simple man.

Jasmine. We share so much, we are almost one.I remember early mornings, my hair touched to wake me, my father lifting me half-asleep from my bed, carrying me, dropping me into his boat. His voice roughs in my


5/36

5

ear, his hands rough on my skin. I never wanted to go, but I was just a child. He did ashe wished.

I remember salt water, hot sun, my mother shrinking on the shore. I remember therocking of the boat, the screams of the gulls.

Jasmine, you have a life inside you. Cant you hear it calling?Nothing.

The ward door bangs, and I see Jasmines father walking towards us, carryingflowers. He smiles at me. Even in death, my own child had my fathers smile, andJasmines will have this mans. I know it.

He stops by her bed and touches her hair. Something stirs deep inside me. I watchJasmines eyelids, waiting for her to bite.

Notes: - superficial : hi ht- to heave : rng ht sc ( nng hoc ko vt g)- fish- hook : li cu- gull : hi u


6/36

6

LESSON 3: STYLES

1. Spoken stylesExample: Conversations

W: Would it be OK if I took a few hours off next Friday? My parents are coming to visitand I need to pick them up at the airport.

M: Yes, that should be fine. We do need to form a construction committee and start planningthe company picnic next week, but there should be plenty of time for that.W: Thanks. Ill be happy to work late on Thursday if necessary.

2. Science styles

2.1. Nature sciencesExample 1: Cch inl bin php ngn nga s dn in bng cc vt lm bng cht khngdn in.Notes: - to insulate / insulation (n)

- measure of preventing- conduction : s dn in / non- conductor: cht khng dn in

- semi- conduction : bn dn

Example 2: Thng kcn c xem l mt phng php x l d liu. chnh l mt cngc dng tp hp, sp xp v phn tch cc d kin v s. Notes: - to treat = to deal with : x l

- data : d liu- numerical facts : d kin vs- statistics : thong ke

Example 3: Special terminology

Nu 1 = a th x bng: Notes: bng : equalx b tng : the suma. Tng ca a v b hiu : the diferenceb. Hiu ca a v b tch : the productc. Tch ca a v b thng : the quotientd. Thng ca a v be. Thng ca b v a

Example 4: Examination of the patient

The patients eyes are first inspected in the daylight. The patient is seated in a chair, facing thewindow so that the illumination is uniform. A certain sequence should be observed in examination: theeyelids and the surrounding tissues are first inspected. Attention is paid to the width of the lid slit,angles of the eyelids, the positions of the eyelids, the conditions of lashes, etc.

Notes: illumination (n) : nh sngsequence (n) : chui hnh ng theo mt trt t ringtissue (n) : meyelid : m mtslit (n) : khe h


7/36

7

Example 5: Special terminologyToday biotechnology is applied in various fields. In waste management, for example,

biotechnology is used to create new biodegradable materials. One such material is made fromthe lactic acid produced during the bacterial fermentation of discarded corn stalks. Whenindividual lactic acid molecules are joined chemically, they form a material that has theproperties of plastics but is biodegradable. Widespread production of plastic from this materialis expected to become more economically viable in the future.

Notes: -biotechnology : cng ngh sinh hc- biodegradable materials : nhng cht c th t phn hy do vi khun- lactic acid : a- xit lactic- molecule : phn t- discarded corn stalk : thn cy ng/ bpthi b

Example 6: Special terminologyFood additives are chemicals that are added to food in small amounts. Direct additives are added

deliberately during processing to make food look and taste better, maintain or improve nutritive value,maintain freshness, and help in processing or preparation. Some additives help preserve food bypreventing or slowing chemical changes and the growth of microorganisms in food. As many as 3,000

substances are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as direct additives. Anadditional 10,000 substances are present in foods as indirect additives. These substances enter foodincidentally during handling or from processing equipment or packaging.

Notes:

Food additive : cht ph gia thc phmchemical : ha chtmicroorganism : vi khunnutritive value : gi tr dinh dngsubstance : cht

Example 7: Special terminology

Chemicals enter our food in various ways and for various reasons. Farmers use herbicides to killweeds, pesticides to kill insects, fungicides to kill mold and fertilizers to promote growth. All of themare very harmful to health and also to the environment. After harvesting, most crops are subjected tofurther "post-harvest" chemical treatment in order to protect them from fungus. Japanese rice, forexample, is sprayed with methyl bromide, which can cause mental disorders and speech impediments.Fresh fruits and vegetables are sprayed with sulfites, to which many people are allergic. Bananas,mangoes and other tropical fruit are sprayed with even more poisonous chemicals.

Notes: - for various reasons : v nhiu l do

- Herbicide : thuc dit c

- Fungicide : thuc dit nm mc

- Fertilizer : phn bn

- To be harmful to : c hi


8/36

8

- To be subjected to : chu phi

- Post-harvest treatment : x l sau thu hoch

- Fungus : nm mc

- To spray : phun

- Mental disorder : ri lon thn kinh

- Speech impediment : ri lon ngn ng

- To be allergic : b d ng

2.2. Social sciences

Example 1. bo v vic sn xut trong nc, cc nh sn xut trong nc ngh vi chnh ph

mt s bin php. Th nht, nh nc nn c k hoch pht trin dnh ring cho vic u t ncngoi v lnh vc kinh doanh v phn b theo vng a l v khng nn khuyn khch u t ncngoi vo vic sn xut ra cc sn phm m cc doanh nghip trong nc c kh nng sn xut cnh nc gii kht, bt git, giy v thuc l. Th hai, vic cp giy php nn c p dng cho cccng ty lin doanh hay cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi tham gia vo cc d n i hi cnhiu vn, cng ngh cao hay sn xut cc mt hng xut khu. Th ba, l nn c mt o lut chngi vic cnh tranh khng lnh mnh c th dn c quyn kinh doanh, ph gi lm hi ngi tiudng.

Notes:

-bo v: defend/protect

- k hoch pht trin: development plan

- v lnh vc: in the field of/ in terms of

- vic cp giy php: issue/grant licence

- doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi: foreign-owned enterprise

- c quyn kinh doanh: monopoly

- ph gi: dumping

Example 2:Trong ting Vit, t nc va c ngha l quc gia, va c ngha l nc, mt linkt v ngn ng m mi rng buc cng thy r rng sau mt chuyn i thm vng t ph nhiu nhtVit Nam: ng bng sng Cu Long. Do ph sa bi p ca dng sng Cu Long lm phong phva la y p ny, tng trng cho ngun lng thc ca c nc cng nh phong cch sinh hot kcn sng nc ca c dn trong vng. i vi du khch, ng bng sng Cu Long l mt trongnhng a ch tham quan p nht ng Nam , kt hp ci k o ca vng sng nc lung linh vi


9/36

9

cnh quan y phn khi ca mt nn vn ho vui ti th hin qua cch sinh hot ca dn a phngcng hot ng thng mi. Trong khi nhng thnh ph ln nh Cn Th, M Tho, Long Xuyn lpthnh th vng cho cc tnh ca ng bng sng Cu Long th mng li knh rch mnh mng li lci duyn c mt khng hai ca vng ny. Sinh hot vui nhn ca vng ny khng ging my vi cchsinh hot ca Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Tuy nhin iu khng c ngha l phi kh khn lm miti c ng bng sng Cu Long thot khi ci n o no nhit ca thnh ph ln nht MinNam ny. Ch mt chng ba gi ng h bng xe trn Quc l 1 l bn l bn n M Tho, th ph

ca tnh Tin Giang v l im xut pht tt cho cuc thm d vng ng bng ny.

Notes:

- c ngha: mean/signify/carry a meaning

- lin kt v ngn ng: linguistic association/relation/tie

- thy r rng: recognizable

- chuyn i thm: journey/visit

- vng t ph nhiu: rich/fertile land

- ng bng sng Cu Long: The Mekong Delta

- ph sa: silt

- phong ph : ample/rich/diversified

- va la: granary

- tng trng: represent/symbolize

- ngun lng thc: source of food

-phong cch sinh hot : lifestyle

- k cn sng nc: riverside

- c dn : inhabitant

- kt hp : in combination with/coupled with

- ci k o: marvel/miracle

- vng sng nc lung linh: glittering water

- th hin: demonstrate /show / indicate /perform /express

- hot ng thng mi: commercial activity

- lp thnh th vng: provide a vantage for

- mng li knh rch: network of rivers and canals


10/36

10

- ci duyn: great boon

- c mt khng hai: second to none/unique

- ging: be similar to / the same as/ like

- thot khi: escape

- th ph: capital city

- im xut pht: departure point

Example 3:

Although fertility rates in poor countries have declined in recent years, the UN has estimated that theworlds population should stabilize at approximately 10.2 billion people by the year 2100, when thenumber dying will match the number being born. This figure is two and a quarter times the present

world population. A long-held and popular belief is that population growth in poor countries is themajor cause of poverty. The population explosion, it is argued, is wiping out any economicdevelopment which the poor countries may achieve. The remedy to poverty is seen, therefore, to beincreased birth control. This view has come under severe criticism by poor countries and theirsupporters in wealthy nations. They argue that large families and rapid population growth areconsequences of poverty rather than its cause. Many of the poor consider a large family to be essentialfor survival in poor countries. In a society lacking social welfare payments, children are seen as asource of security in old age and when illness or unemployment strike. Children are also regarded as ameans of bringing in additional income at an early age. In addition, because child mortality rates arehigh, a large family is considered necessary to ensure that at least one son survives to adulthood.Another argument is that employment opportunities and adequate social security schemes are the key

to falling birth rates.

Notes:

- Fertility rate: t l sinh

- To decline: gim xung

- To estimate: c tnh

- It is estimated that..: Ngi ta c tnh rng

- To stabilize: lm n nh

- It is important to stabilize our population growth rates.

- To match: snh bng

- Worldly pleasures cannot match those joys.


11/36

11

Nhng th vui trn tc khng th snh bng nhng nim vui ny.

- Belief : nim tin

- to have belief in something: tin tng ci g

- freedom of belief: t do tnh ngng

- The patient comes to the hospital in the belief thathe will be cured of his chronic disease. Bnh nhnn bnh vin vi nim tin l mnh s c cha khi cn bnh mn tnh

-poverty: s ngho kh

- Hunger eradication and poverty alleviation: xa i gim ngho

-population explosion/boom: bng n dns

- To wipe out: xo sch

- Economic development: S pht trin kinh t

- Consequence: hu qu

- Social welfare payment: tr cp phc li x hi

- To be regarded as : c xem l

- additional income : khon thu nhp thm

Example 4:

The natural world is under violent assault. The seas and the rivers are being poisoned by radioactivewastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The air webreathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles. It is little wonder forestsand lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. The irreversible loss ofbiodiversity has a serious impact on the ability of maintaining species including humans to survivebecause humans depend on species diversity and healthy ecosystems. The destruction continuesdespite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people.

Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth'smineral riches and to plunder its living resources. The great rain forests and the frozen continents alikeare seriously threatened. However, we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the powerof the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the earth.

Notes: assault : s tn cng

radioactive wastes : cht thi ht nhn

the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage: rc thi c hi cha x l


12/36

12

chemical discharges : cht thi ha hc

irreversible : khng cu vn ni

loss of biodiversity : s bin mt ca a dng sinh hcspecies diversity : a loi

healthy ecosystems : mi trng sinh thi lnh mnh

to plunder : cp i

environmentally-clean industries : nn cng nghip thn thin vi mi trngto harness : khai thc

3. Newspaper styles

- Brief news items- Announcements- Reports- Advertisements

Notes: Some main characteristics of newspaper headlines are as follows.

1. Present tense = past events2. Present participle = event in progress

3. To infinitive = future events

4. Past participle = passive voice

5. Nouns

6. Verb + noun

Example:

1.Japanese Professors Turn to Business

Cc gio s Nht chuyn sang kinh doanh

2. US President Visiting VietnamTng thng Hoa K ang thm Vit Nam

3. Oil Price To Rise?

Gi du s tng

4. Three More Investment Projects Licensed This Year

Thm ba d n u t na c cp giy php trong nm nay

5. Investment Boom

Bng n u t

6. See You in Court

Hn gp ti ta

Example 1. B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn yu cu tt c cc u ban nhn dntnh v thnh ph cng cc b lin quan duy tr vic phng dch nghim ngt. Cc a phng cyu cu qun l cht gia sc nhim bnh v cm bun bn vn chuyn gia sc b bnh. Vic tiu hugia sc b bnh c thc hin theo cc qui nh ca c quan y t. ng tin rng vic tim phng ngmt vai tr quan trng trong vickim sot sbng pht bnh l mm long mng Vit Nam trongtng lai.

Notes:


13/36

13

- B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn : The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

- u ban nhn dn tnh: provincial peoples committee

- cc b lin quan: relevant ministries

- duy tr: maintain

-phng dch nghim ngt: strict prevention of the epidemic

- gia sc nhim bnh: infected domestic animal/livestock

- cm: ban /prohibit/ forbid

-bun bn vn chuyn: trade and movement

- Vic tiu hu: culling

- vic tim phng: vaccination

-bng pht bnh l mm long mng: foot-and-mouth outbreak

Example 2.Nm 2005, doanh thu thng mi ca in t Samsung t 233 triu USD. Nhng nnm 2006, c tnh con s ny l 335 triu USD. Vi phng chm chm nhng chc, mt d n lindoanh mang tn Savina (Samsung Vietnam) hnh thnh v bt u hot ng vi tng s vn u tl 78 triu USD. Samsung huy ng vn l 300 triu USD nhiu lnh vc nh in t, si tnghp, nh cho thu. Cn nhng d n khc thuc cc lnh vc nh cng nghip nng, cng nghip chbin v xy dng th vn ang l nghin cu kh thi. Hin nay, Samsung l nh ti tr ln Vitnam.Ngoi vic ti tr cho nhiu gii v ch th thao qui m ln-nh, Samsung cp 1,2 triu USD cho

cc chng trnh hc ngoi ng v hun luyn th dc.

Notes:

- doanh thu thng mi: turnover/revenue/trade returns

- t: reach/ achieve

- c tnh: estimate

- con s: figure

-phng chm: motto/slogan

- d n lin doanh : joint venture project

- hnh thnh: come into being/existence

- s vn u t : investment capital

- si tng hp: synthetic fibre


14/36

14

- cng nghip ch bin : processing industry

- nghin cu kh thi: feasibility study

- nh ti tr: sponsor

- gii v ch th thao: sports championship

Example 3:

Vit Nam n lc duy tr s n nh chnh tr x hi, pht trin kinh t v quan h ngoi giao trongnhng nm gn y. Nhng thay i tch cc ca lut php nh hng khng nh n tnh hnh snxut, ti chnh v thng mi. Nh nng nghip thch ng vi th trng t do nn Vit Nam c xpl nc xut khu go ln th hai trn th gii sau Thi Lan. Ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh v vng phcn nhng hot ng dch v v sn xut pht trin v thay i nhanh chng. Kinh t pht trinmnh mt phn nh vo ngun u t vn v cng ngh ca gn 2 triu Vit Kiu cc nc trn th

gii. a s h quay tr v Vit Nam u t v lin lc vi b con.

Notes:

- n lc: make every effort/try hard/seek (to do something)

- s n nh chnh tr x hi: socio-politic stability/control

-pht trin kinh t v quan h ngoi giao: develop economic and diplomatic establishment

- thay i tch cc: positive change

- thch ng: respond to/ be adapted to

- vng ph cn: in the neighbourhood/vicinity

- hot ng dch v v sn xut: manufacturing/production and service activities

- ngun u t vn: an influx of investment

Example 4.Ch 1 nm sau khi lnh cm vn ca M c bi b, cc cng ty nc gii kht khng lnh Coca-cola, Pep si- Cola c hng u i v vn, chnh sch tip th v cc u i khc theo lutu T Nc Ngoi, nn cc cng ty ny dn dn thm nhp th phn ca cc nh sn xut trongnc. Cc sn phm khc cng ri vo hon cnh tng t. Bia Si Gn phi cnh tranh quyt lit vicc cng ty bia lin doanh vi nc ngoi. Cc nh sn xut bt git trong nc, mc d c th png nhu cu trong nc n nm 2005, nhng li b cc cng ty khng l nh Procter & Gamble vUnilever dn vo th b.

Notes:


15/36

15

- lnh cm vn: embargo

- c bi b: be lifted

- cng ty nc gii kht khng l: soft drink giant

- hng u i: enjoy preferences

- chnh sch tip th: marketing policy

- thm nhp th phn: eat into/ penetrate market shares

- theo lut u T Nc Ngoi: under the Foreign Investment Law

- cnh tranh quyt lit: compete fiercely

- cng ty bia: brewery

- nh sn xut bt git: detergent producer manufacturer

- p ng nhu cu: meet/satisfy the need/demand

- dn vo th b: drive sth /sb into the corner

Example 5: VIETNAM SEEKS ASSISTANCE FOR HIGHLANDS

DEVELOPMENTS

Hanoi - Vietnam wishes to exchange experiences and co-operate with other countries in making itsmountainous regions prosperous and stable, says Hoang Duc Nghi, Minister and Chairman of the

Committee for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Affairs.

Speaking at the World Mountain Forum heldin French cities of Paris and Chambery last week, Nghi

said that the Vietnamese Government welcomes the UN declaration of 2002 as the International Year

of Mountains.

Vietnam is facing difficulties and challenges in checking deforestation and degradation of land

resources, and is committed to pursuing areas strategy of protecting natural resources through

sustainable exploitation, he said.

Nghi met with French and other delegates and discussed measures to heighten co-operation in the

development of mountainous regions.

The forum adopted a resolution calling on 140 countries having forests and mountains in the world to

raise awareness of the important role of mountainous regions, define orientations for sustainable

development of the areas in coming years, and increase exchange of experiences and co-operation.


16/36

16

The seven-day forum, jointly organized by France, the UN, EU, and the World Bank, wrapped up on

Monday.

Notes:

- stable : n nh

- to face : ng u

- challenge : thch thc

- orientation : nh hng

- sustainable : pht trin bn vng

Example 6: ADB ASSISTANCE TO HELP FIGHT POVERTY,

CREATE MORE JOBS

Hanoi - Continued assistance from the Asian Development Bank will play an important role in

poverty alleviation, especially in creating more employment, says Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung.

Receiving visiting ADB executive director Jeung-Hyun Yoon in Hanoi yesterday, Dung lauded the

valuable assistance that the Manila-based bank has rendered to the nations economic reforms, ruraldevelopment, human resource development and environmental protection.

The ADB has pledged loans worth US$2 billion since 1993 for 29 projects and preferential loan

programmes, of which $76 million is non-refundable, he noted.

Dung expressed his hope that the ADB will continue offering effective assistance for the countrysreform programmes including the ongoing restructuring of State-owned enterprises and renovation of

the financial and banking sectors.

The ADB official said he was delighted to be visiting Vietnam at a time when its economy was

registering strong improvements.He briefed the Prime Minister on the results of his one- week visit,

saying it aimed to strengthen co-operation in lending and borrowing operations through exchange of

information and assessment of the banks operations in the country. Yoon also expressed his desire tosee further development in Vietnam-ADB relations and pledged to co-ordinate more actively among

sponsors in finding investment on preferential terms.

Notes:

- the Asian Development Bank : Ngn hng Pht trin Chu

- play an important role : ng mt vai tr quan trng

- poverty alleviation : xo i gim ngho

- executive director : gim ciu hnh


17/36

17

- human resource development : pht trin ngun nhn lc

- preferential loan programmes : chng trnh cho vay u i

- effective assistance : s gip c hiu qu

- reform program: chng trnh ci cch

- State-owned enterprise : doanh nghip nh nc

Example 7: BBC News - Asia- Pacific

THOUSANDS FLEE INDONESIA VOLCANO ON SUMATRA

Thousands of Indonesians are spending the night in emergency shelters after fleeing anerupting volcano on the island of Sumatra.

Officials issued a red alert after Mount Sinabung began to spew lava shortly after midnight.Smoke and ash reportedly shot 1,500m into the air. Witnesses said they could see the lava from severalmiles away. Mount Sinabung, some 60km south-west of Sumatras main city Medan, has not erupted

for 400 years. Officials from Red Cross told the BBC that more than 19,000 people were being movedfrom the slopes of Mount Sinabung and surrounding areas.Ash and acrid smoke from the volcano have blanketed villages and crops. Local people

arriving at refuge centres were covered in grey ash, many had their faces covered.At least one person is reported to have died from breathing problems.The volcano had been pumping out smoke all day Saturday, but alert levels had not been

raised, and local media reported that villagers had been taken by surprise. The Medan Tribune quotedone local recident as saying he panicked and ran when he saw lava coming towards him like a ball offire.

Sunoro, head of the nations volcano disaster alert centre, told AFP news agency that the alertlevel had been raised to red because the situation was clearly dangerous.

Initially, we thought the ash and smoke were triggered by rain, but now we know the drivingpressure was from magma, he said.He said that as the volcano had not erupted since 1600, scientists knew very little about it.The Indonesian archipelago lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire and has at least 129 active

volcanoes.Notes: an erupting volcano : ni la phun tro

to spew lava : phun dung nham

a red alert : bo ng

ash and acrid smoke : tro bi v khi cay

refuge centres : trung tm t nn

The Indonesian archipelago : qun o In- n- si-a


18/36

18

Example 8: VOA News - The USA

OBAMA URGES CONGRESSIONAL REPUBLICANS TO SUPPORT AN

EXTENTION OF PAYROLL TAX CUTS.

President Barack Obama is again urging opposition Republican lawmakers to support an extension ofpayroll tax cuts for American workers, which is due to expire at the end of the year. Mr. Obama spoke

as Senate Democrats unveiled a modified version of the legislation on Capitol Hill.The president came to the White House briefing room to make his latest appeal to Republicans tosupport an extension of the tax cut approved by Congress as part of a budget agreement last year.

Last week, a Democratic measure that included a proposal for a surtax on high-earning Americans wasvoted down, as was a competing Republican measure that would have paid for the payroll tax cutextension with sharp reductions in the federal workforce.

In his remarks, Mr. Obama pointed to recent comments by Republican leaders in the Senate and Houseof Representatives about the importance of renewing the tax cuts, and urged them to support theextension. "Keep your word to the American people and don't raise taxes on them right now. Now is

not the time to slam on the brakes; now is the time to step on the gas. Now is the time to keep growingthe economy, to keep creating jobs, to keep giving working Americans the boost that they need," hesaid.

The president said he is willing to work with Republicans to extend the payroll tax cut "in aresponsible way," but he said he refuses to do so in a way that "actually hurts the economy."Meanwhile, Senate Majority Leader Democrat Harry Reid formally announced a scaled-back versionof the Democratic bill that failed to pass in the Senate last week.Reid said that based on last week's vote, he is skeptical that Republicans want to prevent expiration ofthe tax cuts, which would effect about 160 million Americans. "Republicans need to be prepared tomeet us part way. We are offering a serious proposal with meaningful concessions, including spending

cuts to which Republicans have already agreed," he said.Among the concessions, Democrats lowered the surtax on Americans earning more than $1 million ayear, a move Reid said was aimed at making the new proposal more palatable to Republicans. Therevised measure is expected to cost less, about $180 billion compared with the $265 billion bill voteddown last week.

But on the Senate floor, Republican Jon Kyl suggested that ongoing payroll tax cuts are not veryhelpful to the economy. "It can be argued that this is very bad economic policy. There is no evidencethat this temporary tax cut has actually produced any new jobs, which is the whole idea," he said.

President Obama's remarks on Monday echoed a message he has tried to send during recent trips

across the country, combining campaigning for next year's general elections with promotion of hiseconomic policies.White House Press Secretary Jay Carney says a speech Mr. Obama will deliver on Tuesday in theMid-Western state of Kansas will be an effort to frame the national debate over the economy. "Thepresident's speech will encapsulate the debates that we have been having this year over our economicpolicy and over our economic future," he said.

In 1910, President Theodore Roosevelt used a Kansas speech to call for more income equality andequal opportunity, and said the federal government had an obligation to play a major role inguaranteeing social justice.


19/36

19

The White House says Mr. Obama will speak about a "make-or-break moment" for the U.S. middleclass and all of those working to join it, and emphasize the importance of shared sacrifice in efforts torepair the nation's economy.

Notes: - an extension of payroll tax cuts : vic gia hn ct gim thu lng bng

- a modified version of the legislation : mt phin bn c iu chnh ca d lut


20/36

20

4. Official styles

- Business documents: Contracts, agreement-Diplomatic documents

Example 1: English- Vietnamese translation

COMMERCIAL CONTRACTNO.02/KSVN-JMS/10DATE: OCT 04, 2010

Today, Oct 04th, 2010 at KISOO VINA CO., LTD s office, We hereby :

THE SELLER : KISOO VINA CO., LTD1B Hamlet , An Phu Village, Thuan An Dist., Binh Duong Province,

VIETNAMTel. : (84-0650) 3713922 Fax. : (84-0650) 3713923

Represented by Mr. KIM SUNG JOON Title: G.Director

Hereinafter called Party A

THE BUYER :: JUNGBOLD & MORENO STOLZ GMBH (Buyer)AM Flossbach 15,67112 Mutterstadt,GERMANY

Tel.: 0049-0-6234-9261-463 Fax: 0049-0-6234-9261-450

Represented by Mr. ALEXANDER MORENO-STOZ Title: G.Director

Hereinafter called Party B

After careful discussion, the two parties agreed to sign the sales contract with the

following terms and conditions :

ARTICLE 1: COMMODITY QUANTITY UNIT PRICE :

In words : US dollars ninety two thousand three hundred and one and cents thirty.

STYLE DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

U/PRICE AMOUNT

DELIVERY(PCS) (USD) (USD)

1013S-1002

GIRL TUBE TOP 600 $4.00 $2,400.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1004

GIRL LONG T. SHIRT 600 $3.65 $2,190.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1051

GIRL OVER SIZE T.SHIRT 1,360 $4.75 $6,460.00 30-Dec-10

1013S- GIRL LONG TOP 450 $3.50 $1,575.00 30-Dec-10


21/36

21

1052

1013S-1053

GIRL OVER SIZE T.SHIRT 200 $6.50 $1,300.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1054

GIRL OVER SIZE T.SHIRT 700 $4.90 $3,430.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1055

GIRL LONG TOP 840 $3.20 $2,688.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1056

GIRL LONG TANK TOP 1,000 $2.95 $2,950.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1057

GIRL TUBE TOP 720 $3.90 $2,808.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1058

GIRL LONG TOP 464 $3.20 $1,484.80 30-Dec-10

1013S-1059

GIRL LONG TOP 420 $4.95 $2,079.00 30-Dec-10

1013S-1221

GIRL BABY DOLL DRESS 610 $6.15 $3,751.50 30-Dec-10

1013S-

1222GIRL DRESS

550 $5.15 $2,832.50 30-Dec-101033S-1005

GIRL T. SHIRT 150 $3.90 $585.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1006

GIRL T. SHIRT 350 $4.50 $1,575.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1050

GIRL OVER SIZE TANK TOP 200 $6.30 $1,260.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1051

GIRL OVER SIZE TOP 120 $8.50 $1,020.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1052

GIRL LONG TANK TOP 410 $4.50 $1,845.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1055

GIRL OVER SIZE TOP 380 $7.20 $2,736.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1056

GIRL OVER SIZE TANK TOP 480 $5.95 $2,856.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1230

GIRL DRESS 690 $6.50 $4,485.00 30-Dec-10

1033S-1232

GIRL DRESS 370 $6.25 $2,312.50 30-Dec-10

1113S-1002


1113S-1003 GIRL OVER SIZE SHIRT 400 $8.30 $3,320.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1007

GIRL LONG SHIRT 250 $7.50 $1,875.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1008


1113S-1011

GIRL OVER SIZE SHIRT 260 $6.85 $1,781.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1012

GIRL OVER SIZE SHIRT 260 $8.00 $2,080.00 30-Dec-10


22/36

22

1113S-1013


1113S-1014


1113S-1015

GIRL LONG TUBE TOP 370 $7.00 $2,590.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-

1016


1113S-1017


1113S-1026

GIRL TUNIKA 200 $8.00 $1,600.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1201

GIRL TUBE DRESS 250 $10.50 $2,625.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1207

GIRL NECK HOLDER DRESS 210 $6.50 $1,365.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1208

GIRL NECK HOLDER DRESS 300 $7.20 $2,160.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1210

GIRL DRESS 170 $7.10 $1,207.00 30-Dec-10

1113S-1212

GIRL TUBE DRESS 170 $10.55 $1,793.50 30-Dec-10

1113S-1213

GIRL DRESS 100 $9.00 $900.00 30-Dec-10

TOTAL17,114

$92,301.30

ARTICLE 2 : SHIPMENT TERM :

- Shipment date : Not later than Dec 30, 2010 .

- Partial shipments are allowed.

- Destination : Germany

- More or less : 3% allowed on the quantity and total amount.

- Shipments will be effected by party A under FOB HCMC term to any Port/Airport of Ho

Chi Minh City .

- Shipping service(by sea or by air) : nominated by party B.

ARTICLE 3 : PAYMENT TERM:

In USD under IRR L/C at sight by party B to party As account No. USD 240-67-022170 at

party As advising bank : KISOO VINA CO. LTD

ADVISING BANK : BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIET NAM, SONG THAN BRANCH

(VIETCOMBANK).

NO. 01, TRUONG SON HIGHWAY, AN BINH VILLAGE, DI AN DIST., BINH DUONG

PROVINCE, VIETNAM.

TEL : (08) 3 724 1627 FAX : (08) 3 724 1498


23/36

23

ACCOUNT NO: 046.137.3747283 (USD)

SWIFT CODE : BFTV VNVX 007 - CHIPS UID : CH343773

CIF NO : 2678137.

With following payment term :

- IRR L/C at sight payment 15 days after shipment.

- Shipment Insurance : to be effected by party B

- Requested documents for payment : invoice, packing list, Bill of Loading or Airway Bill,

certificate of origin for textiles, export license, test report.

ARTICLE 4 : RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH PARTY :

1. RESPONSIBILITY OF PARTY A:

- Party A will take full responsibility of the quality of garments, export standard of packing, as

well as delivery time for each style, which is specified in the Article 2.

- Party A guarantees the absence of harmful substances in their textiles and that entire

production is made according to regulations EU and AZO free

- Party A has to take responsibility of finishing license of im-ex procedures under Viet Nam

laws.

2. RESPONSIBILITY OF PARTY B:

- Party B is responsible for supply of correct samples, correct patterns as well as all technical

instructions to meet party As production capacity and help party A to keep delivery time.

ARTICLE 5 : COMMITMENTS :

- Both parties will guarantee to follow strictly all articles shown in the contract. Any

changes of a single term or condition must be made by written form and countersigned by

authorised representatives of each party.

- Disputes or controversies, if any, should be settled by amicable and mutually helpful

negotiations .

This contract comes into effect from the signing date until Feb 20, 2011.

This contract is made in 04 English originals with the same value, two of which will be

kept by each party for further execution.

For the SELLER For the BUYER

KISOO VINA CO., LTD JMS HANDELS GMBH & CO.KG


24/36

24

Example 2: Vietnamese- English translation

HP ONG THNG MAI------------------------------

So : 070610

Ngay : 07/06/2010

BEN BAN : CONG TY CO PHAN AI THUANa ch : 42 Cu Chi, tp Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet NamTel : (84.58) 3839124 - 3728188 Fax : (84.58) 3839118Email :[email protected] tai khoan : So tai khoan : 4700221370001014 tai Ngan hang NN & PTNT Chi nhanh KhanhHoa .

-a ch ngan hang : 02 Hung Vng ., Nha Trang , Khanh Hoa , Viet Nam.-Swift Code : VBAAVNVX580

ai dien bi ba : Pham Th Thanh Hng

Giam oc

BEN MUA : GOSHOKU CO.,LTD. Chi nhanh Tokyoa ch : Dai2 Yamaman Building 6-7 Nihonbashikoamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japanien thoai : 81-3-5640-1168 ; Fax : 81-3-5640-1164ai dien bi ong : TATSUHIKO MAKINO Tong giam oc.

Hai ben ong y ky hp ong vi cac ieu khoan sau :

ieu 1 : Ten hang, so lng , n gia

Ten hang Qui cach(cm)

So lng(KGS)

n gia(USD/KG CFRTOKYO/KOBEPORT, JAPAN)

Tong so tien(USD)

1/ Ca Ghim tam gia v(Loai A1)

11-1313-1616-19

Toi thieu 15,000 8.65 129,750.00

2/ Ca Ghim tam gia v(Loai A2)

11-13

13-1616-19

Toi a 9,000 8.15 73,350.00

Tong cong 24,000 203,100.00

* Tong so tien : USD 203,100.00 (Hai tram le ba ngan, mot tram o la My )* So lng va so tien nhieu hn hoac t 10 % : chap nhanieu 2 : Chat lng, ong goi , kiem hang va cang d hang .
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


25/36

25

1- Chat lng : Nh mau2- ong goi : ( Ben mua thiet ke nhan tren thung carton )

(500g/tui X10)/thung X 2 // thung (Trong lng tnh : 10Kgs)3- Kiem hang : Kiem tai nha may cua ben ban trc khi xuat hang .4- Cang d hang : Cang Kobe hoac Tokyo , Japan

ieu 3 : Xuat hang va cac chng t

1- Giao hang tng phan : Cho phep2- Xuat hang : khong qua ngay 10/11/2010.

3- Chng t : Van n, hoa n, bang liet ke hang, giay chng nhan ve sinh an tonthcphm, giay chng nhan xuat x mau VJ (Ma HS : 160419).

ieu 4 : Thanh toanThanh toan bang th tn dung khong huy ngang, tra tien ngay

ieu 5 : Cac ieu khoan khac ( Neu co )- Thi han khieu nai hang hoa : trong vong 45 ngay sau ngay giao hang .- Neu c quan chc nang Nhat Ban phat hien hang khong at chat lng th ben mua se tra laihang cho ben ban va hai ben chon mot trong nhng cach sau :

+ Ben ban se thay the ngay lo hang kiem khuyet o/ hoac+ Neu ben ban khong co hang , ben ban phai tra lai so tien ben mua a a trc.

Moi chi ph tra hang se do ben ban chu.ieu 6 : Cac ieu khoan chungTat ca cac ieu khoan trong hp ong nay se le thuoc vao Thuat ng thng mai quoc te , hieunh nam 2000. Neu co s sa oi cac ieu khoan nao trong hp ong nay phai c hai ben ongy trc bang van banHp ong nay c lap bang tieng Anh va c xac nhan qua Fax hoac email.Hp ong nay co hieu lc ke t ngay ky en het ngay 15/12/2010.

Ben mua Ben ban( a ky va ong dau ) ( a ky va ong dau)


26/36

26

LESSON 4: PRACTICE

Vietnamese- English translation

Example 1: News

1.Do nh hng ca c ch th trng trong nc cng nh th gii, trong 3 thng u

nm 2010, gi c th trng trong nc lun bin ng, 1 s mt hng thit yu trong

i sng sinh hot ca ngi dn nh gas, xng, in, nclin tc tng.

Bt u t ngy 1 thng 3, gi cc taxi ca Mai Linh ti thnh ph Nha Trang

chnh thc tng thm 500 ng/km vn chuyn. Vic tng gi cc ln ny v c bn s

gip cc doanh nghip taxi cn i c chi ph vn hnh sau khi gi xng tng thm

590 ng/lt vo ngy 21 thng 02 va qua. Hin nay, ton thnh ph Nha Trang c 11

doanh nghip kinh doanh vn ti taxi vi tng lng xe khong 800 chic. Theo thng

tin t S Giao Thng Vn Ti tnh Khnh Ha, c th trong thi gian ti, mt s hng

taxi cn li ca thnh ph cng s ln k hoch tng gi cc.

2. 2 thng qua, kim ngch xut khu ton tnh Khnh Ha t 100,5 triu USD, tng

92,4% so vi cng k 2009, ring xut khu hng ha t gn 96,2 triu USD, tng gp

2,5 ln so vi cng k 2009. Trong , c 2,6 triu USD sn phm g, tng gn

60,8%; gn 8 triu USD hng dt may, tng 25,5%; 5.603 tn hi sn cc loi, tng gn

20,3%; 11 tn ht iu, tng gn 10,7%; hn 2,2 triu USD thc phm ch bin khc,

tng 87,5%... Ton tnh Khnh Ha nhp khu t 44,2 triu USD, tng 44,7% so vi

cng k 2009. Trong , nguyn ph liu thuc l tng gn 47%; vi v ph liu maymc tng 25%; thit b v ph tng tng 84,9%; thc n nui tm tng hn 7,7%; bng

x si tng 3,5 ln


27/36

27

Example 2:

NHNG NGNH KINH T TRNG IM

Nhng ngnh kinh t trng im nm nay cho thy rng Vit nam ang i ng hngtrn con ng pht trin khi m hu ht cc mc tiu s tr thnh hin thc v cc

thnh tu t c s cao hn d on.

Theo mt bn bo co ca chnh ph c Th tng Phan Vn Khi trnh by ti khp Quc hi ln th 8, chng ta s t c tt c cc mc tiu kinh t trng im canm nay vi mc tng trng kinh t d on l 6,7%. Gi tr cng nghip d kin stng 15,5%, trong khi mc tiu ra l 11%. Mc tng trng cao nht l 18,8% sthuc v cc thnh phn kinh t ngoi quc doanh, tip l u t nc ngoi 17,3%v thnh phn nh nc vi 12,4%. Nng sn s tng 4,9% so vi mc tiu l 4%,ngnh dch v cng s tng 6% so vi mc tiu l 5 - 5,5%.

Tng u t trong nm c tnh vo khong 27,9% ca tng sn phm quc ni (GDP),tng 20% so vi nm ngoi. Trong ng gp ca ngn sch nh nc l 23.8%, tndng nh nc 17%, thnh phn lin doanh nh nc 17,9% v thnh phn t nhn l23,2%.

Tng thu nhp ngn sch s tng 8,9% so vi nm ngoi v s vt mc tiu. Lngxut khu hng ho s t 14 t USD, ln n 21,3% so vi mc tiu t ra vo u nml 11 - 12%. Thu nhp t xut khu vn trung bnh t 180 USD, vt qua mc 170USD l mc im. Thng d thng mi s c hn nh mc lnh mnh l 7% tngun thu xut khu.

Bn bo co cho rng c c thnh tu kinh t tt p/ kh quan nh vy l nh vos u t ngy cng tng ca chnh ph, s pht trin ca nhng cng ty nh v nguntng thu nhp ln mnh t xut khu du th. iu nay dn n vic k kt Hip nhthng mi Vit-M v s thnh lp th trng chng khon nh l nhng nhn t quantrng kch thch s tng trng trong tng lai. Tuy nhin, cng cn nhn mnh rngnn kinh t tng lai v nhng ci cch hnh chnh cn c duy tr v y nhanh tc tng trng. u t nc ngoi ang cn thp v s chuyn i ca nhng x nghipnh nc vn cn chm chp. Trong lc , nn kinh t li phi i mt vi nhng

thch thc ln, bng chng l cnh tranh yu km, gi tr gia tng trong sn phm cngnghip thp, gi c nng sn cng cn thp v cht lng dch v th non km.

Bn bo co cng a ra mt vi gii php vt qua nhng thch thc ny v tc mc tng trng cao hn vo nm ti. Nhng bin php ny bao gm c s thayi mnh m ca nhng x nghip thuc s hu nh nc, khuyn khch cc thnh phnkinh t t nhn tham gia vo lnh vc gio dc, chm sc sc kho, v sinh th vnhng dch v cng cng khc.


28/36

28

D kin k hp Quc hi, bt u t ngy 14 /11, s thng qua lut Bo him doanhnghip, lut kim sot ma tu v chng trnh ngh s cho nm 2001. K hp ko ditrong vng mt thng ny cng s tho lun phng hng v nhim v cho nm 2001v nhng vn lin quan n ngn sch an ninh, quc phng v nhng chng trnhquc gia.


29/36

29

Example 3:

CHNH SCH KINH T M VVIC HUY NG VN U TTRONG S NGHIP CNG NGHIP HO - HIN I HO

Cng nghip ho -hin i ho phi c tin hnh theo m hnh kinh t m c trong

nc v vi nc ngoi. Pht huy hn na quyn t ch, tnh nng ng, sng to tngcng lin doanh lin kt , hp tc cng c li gia cc ngnh , cc a phng v c s pht trin sn xut kinh doanh c hiu qu. Khuyn khch cc hnh thc a dng vcc gii php c th, thi ua ui kp v vt cc n v , a phng khc nhng phichng cc b, bn v, v t chc, vi phm k lut, k cng, php lut ca nh nc,

phng hi n li ch chung.

Nh nccng nh doanh nghip phi tm cch thch ng v khai thc tt nhng thunli ca xu th quc t ho sn xut v i sng, hiu r i tc , c chin lc v schlc khn ngoan chin thng trong cuc cnh tranh kinh t ngy cng gay gt.

Trong bi cnh khu vc v quc t hin nay, s hn ch qu t v v phn lncc loiti nguyn , s di do v ngun nhn lc, li th v gi nhn cng r, v tr a lthun li, i hi v cho php chng ta la chn chin lc cng nghipho hng vxut khu l chnh pht trin nhanh ng thi thay th nhp khu nhng hng hodch v trong nc t cung ng c hiu qu hn. Hng v xut khu l cch thc tndng nhng li th so snh, tranh th sc mua ln trn th trng th gii tch t vnnhm nhanh chng m rng quy m v nng cao trnh sn xut trong nc, to thmnhi vic lm v thu nhp, tng kh nng nhp vt t thit b to ra nhng hng ho

dch v c gi tr gia tng ln, cht lng cao, c sc cnh tranh mnh c trn th trngni a v th trng th gii, p ng nhu cu sn xut v i sng ca nhn dn.

thc hin thnh cng chin lc hng v xut khu, to c s tin cy trong quanh quc t trn ba mt sau y: Trong thanh ton bng ngoi t, trong vic thc hin cchp ng bun bn , trong vic bo m phm cht hng ho. t bit ch trng khngngng nng cao cht lng hng xut khu .

Hng v xut khu phi i i vi khuyn khch pht trin mnh v bo h ng mcsn xut ni a, khng hng ngoi nhp lu trn lan, bp cht hng ni, khin sn

xut trong nc b gim st hoc nh n, ngi lao ng mt cng n vic lm v thunhp.


30/36

30

English- Vietnamese Translation

News: Example 1: EUROPEAN FINANCE CHIEFS MEET ON DEBT CRISIS

European leaders converge on Brussels Sunday for a crucial summit aimed at forging a plan to savethe euro currency. As Greece struggles to avoid a default on its debts, EU leaders must try to stop thecrisis from spreading to much bigger economies like Italy and Spain, which could threaten the future

of the European Union itself.

Two days of violent protests and strikes preceded Greece's latest effort to slash government spending.Defying the protesters, Prime Minister Papandreou succeeded in getting the latest round of austeritymeasures passed in Parliament, vital to secure the next slice of European and IMF bailout money.

That will give encouragement to European leaders. After months of turmoil and credit downgrades,Sunday's summit is billed as the moment Europe must finally come together to stem the tide of its debtcrisis. German Chancellor Angela Merkel struck an upbeat tone ahead of the meeting.

"If we want to use the crisis as an opportunity," Merkel said, "if we are determined to have more

Europe, then we must seize the crisis as an opportunity and be prepared for unconventional andquicker action."

Few leaders appear confident of a quick agreement; a second summit has already been penciled in forWednesday next week. By then, France and Germany say they will have bridged their differences onhow Europe's bailout fund should be strengthened.

Analysts say the initial focus will be on how to pump more capital into troubled banks. And that's justthe start.

Europe needs to show it will bail out bigger countries like Italy and Spain if they caught in a debt

spiral, says Tobias Blattner of Daiwa Capital Markets.

"They need to increase the firepower of the bailout fund so that we finally stop contagion and there areno worries about an eventual Italian default," said Blattner. "This is what they have to do. Butunfortunately how it looks now is that the proposals, how they want to leverage this temporary bailoutfund, will not be enough. And this is why the summit will most likely disappoint financial marketparticipants."

Tim Ohlenburg of London analyst group the Center for Economic and Business Research says moreradical measures are needed for investors to regain confidence in Europe.

"We think there's hope for the eurozone in the long term overall if Europe manages to put a newinstitutional framework in place and manages either to let go of economies that are not viable in theeuro, or find a transfer mechanism," said Ohlenburg.No eurozone leader dares to talk in public of weaker members dropping the currency. But the onlyalternative, says Olehnburg, is a truly federal Europe.

"I think the only way to put an end to this situation, in general, is treaty change," added Ohlenburg."More power to Europe, closer integration, fiscal union."

Such is the gravity of its debt crisis that Europe's very foundations are up for debate.


31/36

31

Example 2: ADJUSTMENTS NEEDED TO SOCIAL

INSURANCE SCHEME

Generally, after a time of stagnation, HCMCs private textile embroidery industry has

recovered and develop somewhat since 1991. Yet development is not stable becausemost private units work according to foreign orders. Consequently, they can't control

their production plan, and labour price for making garments is limited by foreign

partners (the labour cost of 1995 is equal to 65 - 70% of that in 1991 - 1992). Due to the

very nature of the industry, the average wage of those working in this branch is only

about VND 400,000 per month. Under the current fierce competition, the amount of

15% of total wages for social insurance and 2% for medical insurance that enterprises

must contribute, if the proposed social insurance scheme comes into effect, will push up

production costs to very high levels, making it difficult for Vietnamese ventures to

compete effectively and occupy the market.

To help private textile embroidery businesses survive, Mr. Nam has suggested, the

State should amend the contribution rate of none - State ventures to Social Insurance

schemes, as follows:

- Social Insurance: 10% by enterprise, 3% by employee.

- Medical Insurance: 1 % by enterprises, 1 % by employee

The State should also issue a regulation concerning employees who are trained andrecruited by an enterprise, and are obligated to work for at least two years. It is

necessary that employees working at non-- State ventures should be given a work card.

Employer agreement may be required if an employee want to leave his or her job.

All members of HCMC's Textile - Embroidery Association agree on the

implementation of contributing a part of total wages to Social and Medical Insurance, in

compliance with the Labour Code.


32/36

32

Example 3: TOURISM GROWING AS HOTEL OCCUPANCY DROPS

HCM CITY - The number of foreign tourists arriving in Viet Nam has been increasing year after

year. On average, it grows by 30 per cent a year, according to recent statistics released from Viet Nam

Tourism Administration.

Though the number of tourists is on the rise, occupancy rates of hotels have dropped significantly as

compared to previous years. Over the past six years, joint - venture hotels and guest houses operated atan average capacity rate of 85 to 90 per cent. They are now operating at a capacity rate of only 60 per

cent. A rate which is much worse than that of state - owned hotels and private guest - houses.

One of the main reasons for the decline in hotel capacity rates is the mushrooming of joint-venture

hotels which has caused severe competition among hotels for room - rates and hotel services.

Several hotels have become burdens to their owners, with low gross earnings and high taxes, many

are about to be forced to close down.

Most foreign visitors have come here eager to experience something new and to travel to places of

wild and natural beauty during their stay. For this reason, Viet Nam's tourist industry needs to

reorganize its management and set goals in order to satisfy the current demands of tourists.

Though there has been growth in the number of tourists over the past several years, the number of

visitors that come for a second visit is low. It is evident that the attraction of Vietnam's tourist industry

is still inadequate and tourist sites, transport and accommodation facilities have not yet reached

international standards. The country now has some 22 provinces and cities which have completed

detailed master plans for tourist resorts.

However, these projects are yet to be developed and are still under discussion. Even though each year

the government has spent tens of billion of dongs on upgrading national historical relics and touristresorts, due to a lack of management expertise and investment knowledge, these sites have failed to

help boost the development of the tourist industry. To improve quality of tourist resorts and to boost

hotel operations, Viet Nams tourism industry now requires more investment from the government.


33/36

33

Example 4: REFORESTATION AN UPHILL BATTLE IN

MOUNTAINOUS TAY NGUYEN

Tay Nguyen- the authorities and people in Tay Nguyen (the Western Highlands) have a battle on

their hand to protect and restore forests that have been relentlessly chopped down.

Spread over nearly 55,000sq.km, the forests in these regions are the countrys largest. Actuallycovering 2.93 million ha, it is 230,000 ha less than five years ago. Of the four Tay Nguyen provinces,

Dac Lac is the one with the largest wooded area and also the one losing the most canopy each year an

average of 40,000 ha.

The reason for losing the provinces lung is not hard to find- the inexorable emigration of people tothese areas from the rest of the country since 1990. The population growth in these provinces has been

a staggering 5 to 6 per cent every year. And Dac Lac alone houses 2,200 migrants.

With the influx came the usual accompanying problems: pressure on forestland for housing,

cultivating and fuel.

Another reason has been the creased cultivation of commercial crops like coffee, pepper, and rubber.

The total area under these has risen to 567,000 ha- double the 1996 figure.

But the government has become aware of the havoc that denudation of the forest cover could wreak.

Tay Nguyen is seen as a common roof for the Central and South -eastern areas, but the regionsforests is enduring serious damage, illegal wood exploitation remains a headache, and the environment

is under great threat, said Prime Minister Phan Van Khai when speaking about the regionsdevelopment.

He exhorted the Tay Nguyen provinces to keep a close eye on forest protection and development, and

set targets for the next five years to increase the area under forest cover in a bid to ensure sustainable

socio-economic development.

The provincial authorities too have begun to get their act together. In Dac- Lac, for instance, billions

of dong has been invested in reforestation activities under Programmes 327 and 661 and the total

reforested has reached about 10,000 ha.

But the figure is still minuscule when juxtaposed with the more than 200,000 ha that have been felled

since 1995.

Under the socio- economic development scheme for the 2001-05 period, Tay Nguyens provinces haveearmarked over 2.93million ha of existing forest areas for protection while reforesting 500,000 ha, so

that the total forest cover would reach 64.3 per cent by 2005, an increase of 10 per cent over the

current figure.

To reach the goal through, the provinces need to raise awareness among the population, innovate

sustainable products and manufacturing methods and improve forest management and protection.


34/36

34

The forest plantation and communal forest management departments should be further strengthened

while economic sectors and households should be urged to take an active part in protecting and

managing forest areas.

At the moment some areas in Dac Lac Province have been moving in that direction and local residents

have proven willing to protect and develop forest areas to which they are given possession rights.


35/36

35

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Nguyn Trng n . I nternational Business Contracts. Nh xut bn H Ni- 1997.

2. Nguyn Vn Tun. Translation I , I I , I I I & IV. Nh xut bn Nng- 2004, 2005.

3. Peter Newmark, 1988. A Textbook Of Translation.Prentice Hall.

4. Roger T.Bell, 1991.Translati on and Translating: Theory and Practice. Longman.

5. Other sources : - BBC News & VOA News

- News from the Khanh Hoa TV Station

- From the internet


36/36

Bai Giang-translation 2

Documents

Transcript of Bai Giang-translation 2