Bab 2 Blood Circulation

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Chapter 2: Blood circulation


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HUMAN HEART


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jantung Lukis jantung segi Bahagi kepada !ahagian "atas le!ih kecil# Lukis salur darah La!el salur darah La!el atriu$ % &entrikel La!el salur darah dari $ana nak ke $ana La!el tekanan "tinggi atau rendah# pada salur darah Lukis anak panah pergerakan darah "$ula dari 'C# La!el o()genated % deo()genated !lood pada se$ua

salur darah La!el Triscupid &al&e* se$ilunar &al&e % !icuspid &al&e#


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+UNCT,-N The heart .unctions as strong $uscular pu$pto:

collect deo()genated !lood "lacking o()gen# .ro$ therest o. the !od)/ Then* this !lood is pu$ped .ro$ theheart to the lungs to enriched 0ith o()gen/

Collect o()genated !lood "enriched 0ith o()gen# .ro$the lungs/ Then this !lood is pu$ped out o. the heart to!e transported throughout the !od)/

the heart also pla)s a role in the hu$an

circulator) s)ste$ to: transport nutrients and o()gen to the !od) transport e(cretor) products such as car!on dio(ide* urea and

0ater .ro$ the !od) cells to !e re$o&ed .ro$ the !od)/


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1,M LE Hu$an heart

Right Atrium Left Atrium

Right 'entricle

Le.t 'entricle'C

AA

'

BLOOD CIRCULATION1. Salur darah - VC-PA-A-PV2. Artery-bl d ut ! the heart" #P" lu$e%-&$all" 'e(% bl d (%t heart" LP" lu$e%-lar)e*. Val'e t'" &'" &'" b'.+. # L # ,ul$ %ary (r ulat( %

. #-ALL-# &y&te$( (r ulat( %


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M3 HEART


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Heart


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Three t)pes o. &al&es/icuspid &al&e "or $itral &al&e# controls the onea) !lood 4o0 .ro$ the le.t atriu$ to the le.tentricle/he tricuspid &al&e controls the one 0a) !loodo0 .ro$ the right atriu$ to the right &entricle/he se$ilunar &al&e controls the one 0a) !loodo0 .ro$ the le.t &entricle to the aorta as 0ells .ro$ the right &entricle to the pul$onar)

rter)/


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Three t)pes o. &al&es


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M3 HEART


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Blood 'essel Arter)

Arteries transport !lood .ro$ the heart/ Arteries ha&e thick* $uscled 0all 0hich are elastic to 0ithstand the high

!lood pressure inside/ The aorta is the largest arter) / ,ts transport !lood out o. the heart/ The

aorta !ranches to .or$ arteries/

'ein

&eins transport !lood into the heart/ 'eins ha&e thin 0alls* are less $uscular and elastic/ The &ena ca&a is the largest &ein / ,t transports !lood !ack to the heart/

!lood capillar) capillaries connect arteries to &eins/ A capillar) is a &er) 5ne !lood &essel/ ,t has a per$ea!le $e$!rane

that is &er) thin* as it is onl) one cell thick/ This .acilitates the e(changeo. gases* digested .ood and e(cretor) products through its 0alls/


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Blood &essel MR 6 * 67 Arter)

'ein Blood Capillar)


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BL--8 'E11EL ,N HUMAN


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Blood &essel


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Blood &essel


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Blood&essel


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Blood circulation MR 6 * 69* 6 pul$onar) circulation

pul$onar) circulation consists o.!lood &essels that transport !lood.ro$ the lungs to the heart and &ice&ersa/

The .unction o. pul$onar) circulation

is to ensure that !lood 0ithinsu;cient o()gen recei&es a .reshsuppl) o()gen in the lung/

s)ste$ic circulation

s)ste$ic circulation consists o. all!lood &essels in&ol&ed in thetransport o. !lood .ro$ the heart toall parts o. the !od)* e(cept the lungsand !ack to the heart again /


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266

=ota Bharu >=ota La$a


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Blood circulation

l d i l i


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Blood circulation


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Blood Circulation

BLOOD CIRCULATION1. Salur darah - VC-PA-A-PV2. Artery-bl d ut ! the heart" #P"

lu$e%-&$all" 'e(% bl d (%theart" LP" lu$e%-lar)e

*. Val'e t'" &'" &'" b'.+. # L # ,ul$ %ary (r ulat( %

. #-ALL-# &y&te$( (r ulat( %


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Blood contents !lood plas$a MR 67

contains !lood cells and dissol&ed su!stances such as$inerals salts* digested .ood and gases/ las$a is the 4uid co$ponent o. !lood 0hich is light

)ello0/ red !lood cells

red !lood cells ha&e no nuclei/

? kno0n as er)throc)tes 0hite !lood cells

? @hite !lood cells ha&e nuclei/? kno0n as leucoc)tes/

platelets "!lood clotting cells#

platelets are s$all !its o. cells in the !lood that do notha&e nuclei/ =no0n as thro$!oc)tes/

3


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The types, functions and places of production as well as

destruction of blood cells .Type red blood cell white blood cell platelet

estimated size 8 m 10 m 2 3 mpresence of

nucleusno nucleus have nucleus no nucleus

Functiontransport oxygen

and carbondioxide

protects bodyfrom bacteria

attack

helps clotting ofblood

place of

production

short bonemarrow such asrib and sternum

bone marrow and

lymph nodebone marrow

place ofdestruction

liver and lymphcirculation of

bloodcirculation of

blood

life span 120 daysa few days tomany months

10 days

number per cubicabout 5 million about million about 250 thousand


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Blood group

!lood group can donate bloodto

can receive bloodfrom

"! "! "!, ", #, !

" " , "! ", #

! !, "! !, #

# "!, ", !, # #

$ompatibility of blood among blood donors andrecipients using "!# identification system %&'

The # blood type is known as a universal donor .

The AB !lood t)pe is kno0n as auni&ersal recipient/

$ l d


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Hu$an !lood groups


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Transport s)ste$ in plant MR 6


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hloe$ and )le$ hloe$ outer .ood " s r # )le$ inner 0ater % $ineral " r s #

A 0a() 0hite or colorless solid h)drocar!on

$i(ture used to $ake candles* 0a( paper*lu!ricants* and sealin $aterials/ Also called


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MR 26D6

- The phloem tissues have been removed.

- The ring become swollen (upper part) .

- *+ $#- could not be transported downwards toother parts of the plant.


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D/ Light2/ Hu$idit)

/ Air $o&e$ent

/ te$perature

Test presence o 0ater


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Test presence o. 0ater

Anh)drous copper sulphate "0hite !lue #

Anh)drous Co!alt chloride paper "Blue pink #

The eFects o. i$purities on the ph)sical characteristicso. 0ater

i/ Boil at a te$perature a!o&e D66GC

ii/ .ree e at a te$perature !elo0 6GC


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@ilting @hen 0ater enters the

cells o. a plant* it e(ertspressure against the cell0all/

The cell !eco$e s0ollenor turgid and pro&idesupport the plant/

@hen a plantloses $ore 0aterthan it a!sor!s*the cells o. theplant lose theirturgidit) and!eco$e so.t or4accid/ The 4accid cells are nota!le to support the plant ad so it 0ilts/

Transpiration is a


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Transpirationprocess in whichwater is lost in theform of water. Thewater vapour

evaporates from theleaves of plantsthrough stomata..


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Transpiration


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Transpiration @ater e&aporates .ro$ lea&es

through s$all openings on thelea&es/ The s$all openings arecalled sto$ata/

1$all opening is enclosed !) t0o

kidne)?shaped guard cells/

Close its sto$ata on hot da)to reduce the loss o. 0ater!) transpiration/

portant: to re$o&e e(cess 0ater


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Transpiration

Transpirasi !erlaku apa!ila sto$a ter!uka/ I6J air tersejat "e&aporates#daripada tu$!uhan $elalui liang sto$a/ Kas oksigen dan kar!on dioksida$asuk dan keluar $elalui sto$a/8ipetik dari !uku teks 1ains Tingkatan 2 $>s D27 Tahun 2662

+ t T i ti


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+actors Transpiration The transpiration rate increase 0hen the

te$perature increases

? more rapidly in the higher temperature

light intensit) increases ? more rapidly in the presence o light 0ind speed increases? more rapidly in windy condition hu$idit) decreases? more rapidly in lower humidity

A photo$eter is an apparatus 0hich is used to$easure the rate o. transpiration in plants/ " bubble

photometer and weight photometer # MR 6


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M-KA 8A AT A 1TR-NK 8ALAM=B1* TR,AL % MR 26D

1ela$at Berja)a Al? ahra0i 26D


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enutup

2/ Tas!ih =i.arah/

D/ Baca 1urah Al? Ashr

Bab 2 Blood Circulation

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