Audio-visual equipment provided through a grant by Texas Medical Association Foundation
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Transcript of Audio-visual equipment provided through a grant by Texas Medical Association Foundation
Audio-visual equipment provided through a grant byTexas Medical Association Foundation
Retired Physicians Organization
of theHarris County Medical
Society
High blood pressure
The silent killer
SYMPTOMS
Almost always NONE
Occasionally headaches, dizziness,
nosebleeds
HOW TO KNOW ?
Check your blood pressure regularly
WHAT IS HYPERTENSION ?
When your heart pumps (systolic) over 135 is high
When your heart relaxes between beatsover 85 is high
WHAT CAUSES HYPERTENSION ? Two types
1. Primary (essential) hypertensionNo known cause but high family incidenceComes on slowly over years
2. SECONDARY HYPERTENSION
Kidney problems Adrenal gland tumors Congenital blood vessel problems Medicines - birth control pills
Decongestantscold remediessome prescription drugs
Illegal drugs, cocaine, speed
What are the risk factors ?
AGE
Blood pressure increasesas we grow older
SEX
High blood pressure ismore common in men
than in women
RACE
Afro-Americans get it younger and more
severely than whites
FAMILY
Strong tendency to run in families
WEIGHT
Being overweight or obeseoverworks the heart
andincreases blood pressure
INACTIVITY
Leads to higher heart ratesand
Increased work for the heart
Aerobic exercise conditions your heart
NICOTINE
All tobacco productsraise blood pressure
Even second hand smoke
SALT
Too much salt is a killer
ALCOHOL
One or two drinks per day max
STRESS
Temporarily raises BP
OTHER CONDITIONS
Diabetes, High cholesterol,
Kidney disease,
Sleep apnea.
COMPLICATIONS Heart attack or stroke Aneurysm Heart failure Kidney failure Blood vessels in the eye Metabolic syndrome Memory loss due to damage to
arteries in the brain
DIAGNOSIS Need to check blood pressure regularly Monitor at pharmacy or home BP
monitor Physical examination Simple blood tests and urine test
TREATMENT
Almost always successful if: Diet, exercise, weight control
Find the right combination of meds for you, takes time and teamwork
Many types of medicine, and right combination takes cooperation between you and doctor
PREVENT COMPLICATIONS
Take proper care of yourself
DIABETES
TYPES
Type 1Starts early in life
Type 2Develops in adults
SYMPTOMS(Usually there are no symptoms) Excessive thirst Excessive urination Excessive hunger Weight loss Fatigue Slow healing of sores Infections
INCREASED LIKELIHOOD Family history Weight Inactivity Age Can occur during pregnancy Race - black, Hispanic, native
American
COMPLICATIONS Heart and blood vessel disease Nerve damage (neuropathy) Kidney damage (nephropathy) Eye damage (retinopathy) Foot damage (gangrene) Skin and mouth damage Osteoporosis Alzheimer’s disease Hearing problems
CAN IT BE PREVENTED??
Maybe, if..............
PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONSDIETDIETDIETDIETDIETDIET
Good foods with very little sugar
Foods to limit
FOODS TO AVOID Sugar Sugar Sugar Cookies and candies Ice cream
PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS
Aerobic exercise (sustained exercise raising
your pulse )
MEDICATIONS Pills to increase your own insulin
Pills to make you more sensitive
to insulin Insulin injections(many types)
TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF
Diet Exercise Keep track of your blood sugar
Regular doctor visits Regular testing for complications
HOW TO BE TAKEN CARE OF PROPERLY
Between 50,000 & 100,000 die in U.S. hospitals each year as the result of medical errors.
MEDICAL ERRORS CAN OCCUR ANYWHERE IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM:
Hospitals. Clinics. Outpatient Surgery Centers. Doctors' Offices. Nursing Homes. Pharmacies. Patients' Homes.
ERRORS CAN INVOLVE: Medicines. Surgery. Diagnosis. Equipment. Lab reports.
WHO IS RESPONSIBLEFOR YOUR WELL BEING?
YOU ARE!
The single most important way you can help to
prevent errors is to be an active member of your
health care team.
Make sure that all of your doctors know about
everything you are taking: this includes prescription
and over-the-counter medicines, and dietary supplements such as vitamins and herbs.
Make sure your doctor knows
about any allergies and adverse
reactions you have had to medicines
When your doctor writes you a prescription, make
sure you can read it!
ASK FOR INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR MEDICINES
What is the medicine for? How am I supposed to take it, and for
how long? What side effects are likely? What do I do
if they occur? Is this medicine safe to take with other
medicines or dietary supplements I am taking?
What food, drink, or activities should I avoid while taking this medicine?
Double check again when you get your medicine from the drug store.
Make sure that you get a written sheet from the
drug store
If you have lab work make sure that you are told the results
When you go to see your doctor take someone responsible with you.
Write down questions you have before you go to the doctor’s office.
Take a pen and paper with you to write down what the
doctor tells you.
What should you saywhen a doctor says
“Do you understand?”