Assessment of Personality Traits_Organizational Behaviour
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Transcript of Assessment of Personality Traits_Organizational Behaviour
Assessment of Personality Traits
How people affect others and how they understand and view themselves, as well as their pattern of inner and outer measurable traits and the person situation intervention
- Fred Luthans
Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others
-Stephen P. Robbins
Personality
Affective
Cognitive
Behavioral
Personality Traits
What makes you who you are as a person?
Personality traits
Ways to measure personality
Powerful indicators of personality
Broadly depicts an individual
Personality Traits: History
17953
• Gordon Allport and Odbert identified 17953 traits
• Very difficult to predict individual’s behavior
171• R.B. Cattell reduced the number to 171
16• Further, he revised them to 16• These traits are steady and constant sources
of behavior
Sixteen Primary TraitsReservedLess IntelligentAffected by
feelingsSubmissiveSeriousExpedientTimidTough-minded
TrustingPracticalForthrightSelf-assuredConservativeGroup dependentUncontrolledRelaxed
Assessment of Traits: Why?
Advocate of non violence
Face of terrorism
Assessment of Traits: Why?
Adopted aggressive expansion policy for Reliance
Adopted slow & steady expansion policy for Tata group
Why do people vary so widely?
Different methods of Assessment of Personality traits
• Taking an Interview of a person
• Rating scale method
• Projective proficiency method
• MBTI Indicator • Big Five model
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator• Developed by Isabel Briggs Myers
and her mother Katharine Briggs• A 100-question personality test that
asks people how they usually feel or act in particular situations
• One of the most widely used test for traits assessments
• On the basis of answers, person is categorized amongst following-– Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)• Do you prefer to focus on the outer world or
on your own inner world?
– Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or I)• Do you prefer to focus on the basic
information you take in or do you prefer to interpret and add meaning?
– Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)• When making decisions, do you prefer to
first look at logic and consistency or first look at the people and special circumstances?
– Judging vs. Perceiving ( P or J)• In dealing with the outside world, do you
prefer to get things decided or do you prefer to stay open to new information and options?
Extroverted• Like to get energy
from active involvement in events and having a lot of different activities
• Excited when around people
• Like to move into action and make things happen
Introverted• Like to get energy
from dealing with the ideas, pictures, memories, and reactions that are present in inner world
• Often prefer doing things alone or with one or two people
• Take time to reflect
Sensing• Pay attention to
physical reality• Concerned with what
is actual, present, current and real
• Experience speaks louder than words
• Notice facts and remembers details
Intuitive• Pay most attention to
impressions or meaning and patterns of the information
• Learn by thinking a problem through than by hands-on experience
• Remember events more as impressions than as actual facts or details
Thinking• Make decision by finding
the basic truth or principal to be applied
• Like to analyze pros and cons and then be consistent and logical in deciding
• Try to be impersonal, won’t let personal wishes influence decisions
Feeling• Make decision
weighing what people care about and the points-of-view of persons involved in a situation
• Concerned with values and what is the best for the people involved
Judging• Prefer a planned or
orderly way of life• Like to have things
settled and organized• Feel more comfortable
when decisions are made
• Like to bring life under control as much as possible
Perceiving• Prefer a flexible and
spontaneous way of life
• Like to understand and adapt to the world rather than organize it
• Stay open to new experiences and information.
• Personality type
• ISTJ– Quiet, serious, earn success by thoroughness and
dependability• ISFJ
– Quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious• INFJ
– Seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions
• INTJ– Have original minds and great drive for implementing
their ideas and achieving their goals
• ISTP– Tolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a problem
appears, then act quickly to find workable solutions• ISFP
– Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind. Enjoy the present moment, what's going on around them
• INFP– Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people who are
important to them• INTP
– Seek to develop logical explanations for everything that interests them
• ESTP– Flexible and tolerant, they take a pragmatic approach
focused on immediate results• ESFP
– Outgoing, friendly, and accepting. Exuberant lovers of life, people, and material comforts
• ENFP– Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative. See life as full of
possibilities• ENTP
– Quick, ingenious, stimulating, alert, and outspoken
• ESTJ– Practical, realistic, matter-of-fact. Decisive, quickly move to
implement decisions• ESFJ
– Warmhearted, conscientious, and cooperative. Want harmony in their environment, work with determination to establish it
• ENFJ– Warm, empathetic, responsive, and responsible. Highly
attuned to the emotions, needs, and motivations of others• ENTJ
– Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organizational problems
• MBTI is not intended to determine whether you have the “right” personality
• The essence of the theory is-– variation in the behaviour is actually quite
orderly and consistent, being due to different personality traits and differences in the ways individuals prefer to use their perception and judgment
• Flaws in MBTI– It forces the person to be categorised either
one category or another. This means a person is either extrovert or introvert
– It uses forced-choice and bi-polar scales, not continuous scores and scales
Big Five Model
Extroversion• Capture’s one’s
comfort level with relationship
• Extraverts tend to be gregarious, assertive, sociable
• Introverts tend to be reserved, timid, quite
Agreeableness• Individual’s
propensity to defer to others
• Highly agreeable people are co-operative, warm, trusting
• Low score agreeable people are cold, disagreeable, antagonistic
Conscientiousness
• It’s a measure of reliability
• Highly conscientiousness person is responsible, organised, dependable, persistent
• Low score conscientiousness person is distracted, disorganised, unreliable
Emotional Stability• Measure’s person’s
ability to withstand stress
• Positive emotional stability people are calm, self-confident, secure
• Negative emotional stability people are nervous, anxious, depressed, insecure
Openness to Experience
• Depicts one’s range of interests & fascination with novelty
• Extremely open people are creative, curious, artistically sensitive
• Those who put limit on their openness are conventional & find comfort in the familiar
High Average Low
Extroversion 1.Extroverted, outgoing, active, high-spirited2.Prefer people around them most of the time
1.Moderate in activity & enthusiasm2.Enjoy privacy of others but also value privacy
1.Introverted, reserved, serious2.Prefer to be alone or with a few close friends
Agreeableness
1.Compassionate, good-natured, eager to cooperate & avoid conflict
1.Warm, trusting, agreeable2.Sometimes be stubborn &competitive
1.Hard-headed, sceptical, proud & competitive2.Tend to express anger directly
High Average Low
Conscientiousness
1.Conscientious and well organized2. High standards and always strive to achieve goals
1.Dependable & moderately well organised2.Have clear goals but are able to set your work aside
1.Easy-going, not well organised, sometimes careless2.Prefer not to make plans
Emotional Stability
1.Sensitive, emotional and prone to experience feelings that are upsetting
1.Calm & able to deal with stress2. Sometimes experience feeling of guilt, anger and sadness
1.Secure, hard and generally relaxed under stressful conditions
High Average Low
Openness to experience
1.Open to new experiences 2.Broad interests & very imaginative
1.Practical but willing to consider new ways of doing things2. Seek balance between new and old
1. Down to earth, practical, traditional & much set in individual’s way
Jeffrey Immelt, CEO of GE who have spent 20 years in sales & managerial position actually scored high on the extroversion dimension of the Big Five model. He was described as gregarious & adept in building relationships
Indra Nooyi, CEO of Pepsico scores high on all five dimesions of Big Five model. She is described as sociable, agreeable, conscientious ,emotionally stable and open to experience. These traits have contributed to Nooyi’s high job performance and career success.