Assembling, Troubleshooting and Networking

7/30/2019 Assembling, Troubleshooting and Networking

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,,Troubleshooting &Troubleshooting &

NetworkingNetworking

Courtesy: SMT Computer Institute, HardwarCourtesy: SMT Computer Institute, Hardwar


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Part IPart I

r ur u

Courtesy: SMT Computer Institute, Hardwar


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Parts of ComputerParts of Computer

MotherboardMotherboard

CPUCPU

MemoryMemory

Power SupplyPower Supply

Hard DiskHard Disk

CD/DVD Rom DriveCD/DVD Rom Drive IDE CableIDE Cable



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-- A motherboard is the central orA motherboard is the central orprimaryprimary circuit boardcircuit board making up amaking up acom lex electronic s stem such as acom lex electronic s stem such as a

modernmodern computercomputer. It is also known. It is also knownas a main board, baseboard, systemas a main board, baseboard, systemboardboard



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Motherboard DesignMotherboard Design



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MicroprocessorMicroprocessor

A microprocessorA microprocessor ---- also known as aalso known as aCPUCPU or central processing unitor central processing unit ---- is ais acomplete computation engine that iscomplete computation engine that is

a r ca e on a s ng e c p.a r ca e on a s ng e c p.



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Microprocessor DesignMicroprocessor Design



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MemoryMemory

MemoryMemory-- is technically any form ofis technically any form ofelectronic storage, it is used most oftenelectronic storage, it is used most oftento identify fast, temporary forms ofto identify fast, temporary forms of

s orages orage



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Video CardVideo Card

AAvideo cardvideo card, (also referred to as a, (also referred to as a

graphics accelerator cardgraphics accelerator card,, displaydisplayadapteradapter,, graphics cardgraphics card, and numerous, and numerous

,,computercomputer hardwarehardware whose function is towhose function is togenerate and output images to agenerate and output images to a displaydisplay..



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Video Card DesignVideo Card Design



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Power SupplyPower Supply

In a personal computer (PC), theIn a personal computer (PC), thepower supply is the metal box usuallypower supply is the metal box usuallyfound in a corner of the case. Thefound in a corner of the case. The

power supp y s v s e rom e ac opower supp y s v s e rom e ac omany systems because it contains themany systems because it contains thepowerpower--cord receptacle and the coolingcord receptacle and the coolingfan.fan.



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Power Supply DesignPower Supply Design



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Hard DiskHard Disk

Hard Disk DriveHard Disk Drive ((HDDHDD), commonly), commonly

referred to as areferred to as a hard drivehard drive,, hardharddiskdiskoror fixed disk drivefixed disk drive, is a, is a nonnon--

vo a e s oragevo a e s orage ev ce w c s oresev ce w c s oresdigitally encoded data on rapidlydigitally encoded data on rapidlyrotatingrotating plattersplatters withwith magneticmagneticsurfaces.surfaces.



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Hard Disk DesignHard Disk Design



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CD ROMCD ROM

CDCD--ROMROM (an abbreviation of(an abbreviation of

""Compact DiscCompact Disc readread--only memoryonly memory") is a") is aCompact Disc that contains dataCompact Disc that contains data

access e y a compu er.access e y a compu er.



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CD ROM DesignCD ROM Design



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IDE CableIDE CableThis cable will work fine in twoThis cable will work fine in two--drivedrive

configurations, but there is a drawback: it'sconfigurations, but there is a drawback: it'ssuboptimal for onesuboptimal for one--drive installations. Thesedrive installations. These

--have a drive on the physical far end of thehave a drive on the physical far end of thecable to reduce noise on the bus, but thiscable to reduce noise on the bus, but this

cable puts the single drive in the middlecable puts the single drive in the middle



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IDE Cable DesignIDE Cable Design



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SATA Cable DesignSATA Cable Design



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Part IIPart II

PC ASSEMBLYPC ASSEMBLY



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Processor Physical InstallationProcessor Physical Installation

ProcedureProcedure

Determine Socket TypeDetermine Socket Type

Orient Processor To SocketOrient Processor To Socket

Open ZIF SocketOpen ZIF Socket

Insert Processor Into SocketInsert Processor Into SocketCheck That Chip Is Inserted FullyCheck That Chip Is Inserted Fully

Close ZIF SocketClose ZIF Socket



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Heat sink Installation ProcedureHeat sink Installation Procedure Attach Fan to Heat SinkAttach Fan to Heat Sink

Apply Heat Sink CompoundApply Heat Sink Compound

Attach Heat SinkAttach Heat Sink



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Memory Physical InstallationMemory Physical Installation

ProcedureProcedure

1. Identify Installation Socket1. Identify Installation Socket

2. Orient Module2. Orient Module

3. Insert Module3. Insert Module

4. Lock Module Into Place4. Lock Module Into Place 5. Double5. Double--Check InstallationCheck Installation

6. Repeat If Necessary:6. Repeat If Necessary: Steps 2 to 5Steps 2 to 5



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Installing a Desktop PC MotherboardInstalling a Desktop PC Motherboard

1. The first step will be to open the case up1. The first step will be to open the case up



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2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard Tray2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard Tray



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33. Replace the ATX Connector. Replace the ATX Connector

PlatePlate



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44. Determine Motherboard. Determine Motherboard

Mounting LocationMounting Location



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55. Install the Motherboard. Install the Motherboard

StandoffsStandoffs



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6. Fasten the Motherboard6. Fasten the Motherboard



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7. Attach ATX Control Wires7. Attach ATX Control Wires



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8.8. Connect the ATX PowerConnect the ATX Power

ConnectorConnector



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9. (Optional) Replace the9. (Optional) Replace the

Motherboard TrayMotherboard Tray



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10. Install Any Port Headers10. Install Any Port Headers



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PART IIIPART III

OPERATING SYSTEMOPERATING SYSTEMINSTALLATIONINSTALLATION



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OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATIONOPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

PROCEDUREPROCEDURETurn on the power of your computerTurn on the power of your computer

Press delete/FPress delete/F22 to enter the CMOS Setupto enter the CMOS Setup Setup the Boot Priority (Setup the Boot Priority (11stst BootBoot CD,CD, 22ndnd BootBoot

Press Esc.Press Esc.

Press FPress F1010 (To save setup)(To save setup)

Insert the StartInsert the Start--up Disk (Windows XP) to CD Romup Disk (Windows XP) to CD RomDrive.Drive.

The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press Enter.The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press Enter.



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OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATIONOPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

Press F8 to AgreePress F8 to Agree

Press Enter to Continue Install Win XPPress Enter to Continue Install Win XP

Press C to Create Partition.Press C to Create Partition.

Press Enter to Continue Install Win XPPress Enter to Continue Install Win XPSelect Format Using NTFSSelect Format Using NTFS

Type the CD Key of Windows XP.Type the CD Key of Windows XP.

Continue Install by clicking next..Continue Install by clicking next..



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Part IVPart IV

PCPC



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Troubleshooting TipsTroubleshooting Tips(1) Trial(1) Trial--andand--errorerror

(2) "It's the cable, s(2) "It's the cable, s----------..(3) Don't be frustrated!(3) Don't be frustrated!

(4) Take notes!(4) Take notes!(5) Take a look?(5) Take a look?



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Troubleshooting Tips for NewTroubleshooting Tips for New

MonitorsMonitors

1.1. The picture does not appearThe picture does not appear

2.2. The Screen is not synchronizedThe Screen is not synchronized

3.3. The position of the screen is not inThe position of the screen is not in

e cen ere cen er4.4. The screen is too bright or too darkThe screen is too bright or too dark

5.5. The screen is shakingThe screen is shaking



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Troubleshooting Tips for a NewTroubleshooting Tips for a New


System has no power at all. PowerSystem has no power at all. Power

light does not illuminate, fan inside thelight does not illuminate, fan inside thepower supply does not turn on, andpower supply does not turn on, and

turn on.turn on.

System inoperative. Keyboard lightsSystem inoperative. Keyboard lights

are on, power indicator lights are lit,are on, power indicator lights are lit,and hard drive is spinning.and hard drive is spinning.


bl h i i fbl h i i f


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System does not boot from hard disk drive,System does not boot from hard disk drive,

can be booted from floppy disk drive.can be booted from floppy disk drive.System only boots from Floppy Disk. HardSystem only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard

Disk can be read and applications can beDisk can be read and applications can be



used, but booting from Hard Disk isused, but booting from Hard Disk isimpossible.impossible.

After install an expansion card (networkAfter install an expansion card (network

card, tape drive card, etc.) the system nocard, tape drive card, etc.) the system nolonger works properly.longer works properly.


T bl h i Ti f NT bl h i Ti f N


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Screen message says "InvalidScreen message says "Invalid

Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."Screen is blank.Screen is blank.

ys em oes no oo rom ar sys em oes no oo rom ar sdrive, can be booted from floppy diskdrive, can be booted from floppy diskdrive.drive.

ProblemProblem


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MotherboardMotherboardScreen goes blank periodically.Screen goes blank periodically.

Keyboard failureKeyboard failureNo color on screen.No color on screen.

..

Error reading drive A:Error reading drive A:

C: drive failure.C: drive failure.

Cannot boot system after installingCannot boot system after installingsecond hard drive.second hard drive.


T bl h ti Ti f NT bl h ti Ti f N


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MotherboardMotherboardMissing operating system on hardMissing operating system on hard

drive.drive.Certain keys do not function.Certain keys do not function.

ey oar s oc e , no eys unc on.ey oar s oc e , no eys unc on.


T bl Sh ti Ti ftT bl Sh ti Ti ft


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Trouble Shooting Tips afterTrouble Shooting Tips after

Installing a New Video CardInstalling a New Video CardCheck that the card is seated properly in itsCheck that the card is seated properly in its

expansion slot.expansion slot.Ensure the display cable is securely fastened toEnsure the display cable is securely fastened to

the card's display connector.the card's display connector.

plugged in and receiving powerplugged in and receiving powerIf necessary, disable any builtIf necessary, disable any built--in graphicsin graphics

capabilities on your motherboard.capabilities on your motherboard.

Make sure you selected the appropriate displayMake sure you selected the appropriate displaydevice and graphics card when you installeddevice and graphics card when you installedyour enhanced driver.your enhanced driver.


B i T bl h ti Ti ftB i T bl h ti Ti ft


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Basic Troubleshooting Tips afterBasic Troubleshooting Tips after

Installing a New Hard DriveInstalling a New Hard DriveVerify compatibilityVerify compatibility

Check all cardsCheck all cardsCheck all connectors and cablesCheck all connectors and cables

Check your powerCheck your power--supply specificationssupply specifications

Verify the driveVerify the drive--type settings in the systemtype settings in the systemsetup programsetup program

Check for virusesCheck for viruses



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Additional Tips for HDDAdditional Tips for HDDAfter you install your new drive, yourAfter you install your new drive, your

computer will not boot, and no errorcomputer will not boot, and no errormessage appears on the screen.message appears on the screen.

he screen remains blank when ouhe screen remains blank when ou

power up the system.power up the system.The system does not recognize the drive.The system does not recognize the drive.

The dealer partitioned and formatted theThe dealer partitioned and formatted thedrive for you in the store, but the drivedrive for you in the store, but the drivedoes not respond when you install it.does not respond when you install it.



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Additional Tips for HDDAdditional Tips for HDD The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create orThe system hangs in FDISK or fails to create orsave the partition record.save the partition record.

The system error message, "Drive not Ready,"The system error message, "Drive not Ready,"appears.appears.

"",,

Present," appears.Present," appears. The drive does not format to full capacity.The drive does not format to full capacity.

The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "NonThe DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non--

System Disk" or "No ROM BasicSystem Disk" or "No ROM Basic -- SYSTEMSYSTEMHALTED" appears.HALTED" appears.

The system error message, "HDD controllerThe system error message, "HDD controller

failure" appears.failure" appears.Courtesy: SMT Computer Institute, Hardwar



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Installing a New MemoryInstalling a New Memory

1.1. No Display,No Display, 33 short beepshort beep

.. the boot processthe boot process

3.3. The installation setup interruptThe installation setup interrupt



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PART VPART V

PC MAINTENANCEPC MAINTENANCE



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PC MaintenancePC Maintenance you use your computer more than a few hours peryou use your computer more than a few hours per

day, we suggest you not to turn off your computerday, we suggest you not to turn off your computer

at the end of the day. Instead turn off only theat the end of the day. Instead turn off only themonitor to save electricity. Daily power up andmonitor to save electricity. Daily power up anddown makes the components exposed to high anddown makes the components exposed to high andlow temperature cycles that are not good for thelow temperature cycles that are not good for thelifelife--time of the components, particularly the criticaltime of the components, particularly the criticalones such as hard drives, CPU, and memory. Theones such as hard drives, CPU, and memory. Thetemperature cycle would result in expansiontemperature cycle would result in expansion--

shrinking cycle for the components. The lifeshrinking cycle for the components. The life--timetimeof electronic components would be increased ifof electronic components would be increased ifthey are run at constant temperature withthey are run at constant temperature withadequate ventilation.adequate ventilation.Courtesy: SMT Computer Institute, Hardwar


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PC MaintenancePC Maintenance If your area experiences a few times ofIf your area experiences a few times of

power outage per year, it is necessary topower outage per year, it is necessary touse a UPS. Sudden power downs while theuse a UPS. Sudden power downs while the

damage to hard drives.damage to hard drives.A tape backup and a lock to make systemsA tape backup and a lock to make systems

hard to move are worthy investment forhard to move are worthy investment forcritical data.critical data.



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PC MaintenancePC Maintenance Use your hand to touch and feel the coverUse your hand to touch and feel the cover

of your computer at least once a week. Theof your computer at least once a week. Thecover should be at room temperature. If itcover should be at room temperature. If it

to make sure that the cooling fans on theto make sure that the cooling fans on thepower supply and CPU are workingpower supply and CPU are workingproperly. Clean the air pathway on the backproperly. Clean the air pathway on the back

of the power supply on a regular basis.of the power supply on a regular basis.



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PART VIPART VI

Computer NetworkingComputer Networking



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TOOLS IN NETWORKINGTOOLS IN NETWORKINGRJRJ--4545

Twisted pair cableTwisted pair cableCrimp toolCrimp tool

Ethernet hubEthernet hubrouterrouter

Network Adapter Card (NIC)Network Adapter Card (NIC)



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RJ 45RJ 45EightEight--conductor data cable contains 4 pairsconductor data cable contains 4 pairs

of wires. Each pair consists of a solid (orof wires. Each pair consists of a solid (orpredominantly) colored wire and a whitepredominantly) colored wire and a white

..



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Twisted Pair CableTwisted Pair CableTwisted pairTwisted pair cablingcabling is a form of wiring inis a form of wiring in

which two conductors are wound togetherwhich two conductors are wound togetherfor the purposes of canceling outfor the purposes of canceling out

external sources,external sources, electromagnetic radiationelectromagnetic radiationfrom the UTP cable, andfrom the UTP cable, and crosstalkcrosstalkbetweenbetweenneighboring pairs.neighboring pairs.



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Crimp ToolCrimp Toolcrimps RJ45 modular plugs. Simply placecrimps RJ45 modular plugs. Simply place

the plug with the cable in the crimp tool andthe plug with the cable in the crimp tool andsqueeze the grips together, thus causingsqueeze the grips together, thus causing

..



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Ethernet HubEthernet HubAnAn Ethernet hubEthernet hub oror concentratorconcentrator is ais a

device for connecting multipledevice for connecting multiple twisted pairtwisted pairoror fiber opticfiber optic EthernetEthernet devices together,devices together,

..



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RouterRouterAArouterrouter is a device that determines theis a device that determines the

proper path for data to travel betweenproper path for data to travel betweendifferent networks, and forwards datadifferent networks, and forwards data

path.They connect networks together; apath.They connect networks together; aLANLAN to ato a WANWAN for example, to access thefor example, to access theInternetInternet..



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RouterRouter



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Router ConnectionRouter Connection


Wiring Diagrams for StraightWiring Diagrams for Straight


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Wiring Diagrams for StraightWiring Diagrams for Straight

Through, Cross Over and Y cablesThrough, Cross Over and Y cables



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Straight ThroughStraight ThroughStraight Through Cable Color Code

Pin 1

Pin 2

white orange

orange

Pin 3

Pin 4

Pin 5

Pin 6

Pin 7Pin 8

white green

blue

white blue

green

white brownbrown



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Cross OverCross OverCross Over Cable Color Code

Pin 1Pin 2

white greengreen

n

Pin 4

Pin 5

Pin 6Pin 7

Pin 8

w te orange

blue

white blue

orangewhite brown

brownCourtesy: SMT Computer Institute, Hardwar


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Y cablesY cablesPin 1

Pin 2Pin 3

white orange

orangewhite green

Pin 1

Pin 2

Pin 3

Pin 6

blue

white blue

white brown

brownCourtesy: SMT Computer Institute, Hardwar

Connecting 2 Computers using LANConnecting 2 Computers using LAN


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Connecting 2 Computers using LANConnecting 2 Computers using LAN

Connect the cable to the LAN Card and theConnect the cable to the LAN Card and the

other end to Ethernet Hub.other end to Ethernet Hub.



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Click the control panelClick the control panel


Click Network ConnectionClick Network Connection


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Click Network ConnectionClick Network Connection


Click the Local Area ConnectionClick the Local Area Connection


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Click the Local Area ConnectionClick the Local Area Connection


Click the Properties of LANClick the Properties of LAN


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Click the Properties of LANClick the Properties of LAN


Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)


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Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)


Type the IP AddressType the IP Address


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Type the IP AddressType the IP Address

Class AClass A Network AddressNetwork Address 11--126126

Class BClass B Network AddressNetwork Address 128128--191191Class CClass C Network AddressNetwork Address 192192--254254

Spare AddressSpare Address 127127


Select Use the ff. IP addressSelect Use the ff. IP address& Type the Specified IP Address, then click& Type the Specified IP Address, then click


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& ype t e Spec ed dd ess, t e c c& ype t e Spec ed dd ess, t e c c

OK.OK.


For the Other Computer type the IP AddressFor the Other Computer type the IP Addresswith the same class, then change only the lastwith the same class, then change only the last


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, g y, g y

number of the Address.number of the Address.

ExampleExample

PC1PC1 192.168.0.1192.168.0.1PC2PC2 192.168.0.2192.168.0.2

PC3PC3 192.168.0.3192.168.0.3

And so onAnd so on


Sharing your Internet to other PCSharing your Internet to other PC


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Sharing your Internet to other PCSharing your Internet to other PC

Use 2 LAN Card to your server.Use 2 LAN Card to your server.

The internet is connected to the server inThe internet is connected to the server inthe LAN card1 and the Lan card #2 isthe LAN card1 and the Lan card #2 is

..


Procedure in Sharing your internet toProcedure in Sharing your internet to


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other workstation (PC)other workstation (PC)Click the control panelClick the control panel


Click Network WizardClick Network Wizard


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Click NextClick Next


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Select the first choice, then NextSelect the first choice, then Next


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,,


Select the Local Area connection where theSelect the Local Area connection where the


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internet is connected, then Nextinternet is connected, then Next


Type the Computer Description andType the Computer Description and


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Name, then NextName, then Next


Type MSHOME, then NextType MSHOME, then Next


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Select Printer Sharing, then NextSelect Printer Sharing, then Next


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Select the last choice, then NextSelect the last choice, then Next


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Click FinishClick Finish


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Configure the IP Address of LocalConfigure the IP Address of Local

A C ti 2 f th th LANA C ti 2 f th th LAN


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Area Connection 2 of the other LANArea Connection 2 of the other LAN


The Other Workstation is ready for InternetThe Other Workstation is ready for Internet

ti b fi i IP Add f LANti b fi i IP Add f LAN


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connection by configuring IP Address of LANconnection by configuring IP Address of LAN


To Find the DNS Server IP AddressTo Find the DNS Server IP Address


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Click PropertiesClick Properties


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Click DetailsClick Details


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List of IP Address of the ServerList of IP Address of the Server


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The Other Workstation is ready for InternetThe Other Workstation is ready for Internet



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Assembling, Troubleshooting and Networking

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Transcript of Assembling, Troubleshooting and Networking