Computer Hardware Assembling, Installation & Troubleshootingsurvey.hct.edu.om/training/docs/COMPUTER...

Computer Hardware Assembling, Installation & Troubleshooting

By: Yasir Latif & Diosdado Aler II

Major skills required for Computer Maintenance

• Working Knowledge of Computer hardware

• Able to identify computer hardware issues.

• Repair / Replace (mostly) the faulty hardware as required.

• Working knowledge of Operating system and device drivers

• Working knowledge of peripheral devices used with computers e.g. Printer, Scanner, Camera etc.

• Working knowledge of network infrastructure

Computer: Main Assembly

Assembling a Desktop computer

• Different parts are required to be assembled in an order, which can vary little bit depending on the configuration. The general order which can be followed is:

1. Cabinet / Casing 2. SMPS / Power Supply

3. Motherboard 4. Processor

5. RAM 6. Expansion Cards

7. Hard disk 8. CD/DVD drive

9. Monitor 10. Keyboard

11. Mouse

Assembling Cabinet & SMPS • While selecting the suitable Cabinet different

factors are considered:

– Size of the motherboard (ATX or Micro-ATX are standard).

Gap should be there.

– Plans for Upgrade: to accommodate additional drives

Additional slots should be available

to accommodate drives.

– Ease of access to internal parts: Better to select those casings, which are required to be open from one side only to access all internal components.

Casing should Open from 1 side only.

– Additional ports availability on Front side: USB, Audio etc.

SMPS / Power Supply

• SMPS are usually built-in with the cabinet/ casing, but sometimes they are required to be installed separately.

Power supply connectors

Connected to Motherboard.

Connected to Hard drives and CD/DVD drives

Connected with SATA hard drives

Guess which city???

Motherboard

Cables used to connect motherboard with Peripheral devices

SATA IDE

Processor

Socket 478 on Motherboard

Processor Chip

Heat Sink

RAM (DDR – 2/3)

Expansion Cards (PCI/AGP)

Hard disk

CD / DVD drive

Monitor

Keyboard & Mouse

Basic software troubleshooting skills

• Free up RAM by closing other open programs

– Use Ctrl+Alt+Delete Task Manager Processes Memory menu item.

– By clicking the End Process button, any running process can be closed.

• Restart the software

– Software stuck / get slow because of conflict with other programs. Restarting it can sometimes resolve these issues.

• Delete temporary files

– Internet history, software installation history files should be cleaned to free the space.

– This can be done by opening C drive Windows Temp. Delete all files except may be current date files.

• Boot up in Safe Mode – Sometimes software start malfunctioning or stop working

due to OS settings or other system problems. Windows provide a built-in troubleshooting mode called Safe mode. Start the computer in Safe mode. It can be done by restarting the computer and pressing F8 key.

– Launch the problematic software again and if it works properly then it means that the software is ok, problems are caused by some other OS configuration or any other program installed recently.

• Defragment your hard drive – Defragmenting rearranges your hard drive's file

structure and improves the efficiency of system. If your computer is overall working slow then defragmentation is the best choice.

• Stop unnecessary start-ups – Whenever you switch on your PC some programs will

automatically start to run in the background and make the startup slow and consumes un-necessarily the memory.

– To configure it click Start Run msconfig. In the opened window click the "Startup" tab listing all the applications that run when your computer starts up. You can select / deselect or disable all. But don’t disable important software like antivirus going.

• Run a disk clean-up

• It is used to clean unnecessary large files.

• Click Start All Programs Accessories System Tools Disk Cleanup

• Run Antivirus to scan the system. – Viruses, spyware, malware etc. can cause software

to freeze, crash, or quit working entirely.

– Regularly scan the system.

– A Trojan/virus hide the folders on USB/Flash drive and creates shortcuts with the same names. To recover them scan the flash drive with antivirus software, remove the virus and run the following code in CMD/batch file.

– attrib -a -h -s -r /s /d

Thursday, April 13, 2017 1

Disassembling and

Re-assembling the PC

18 April 2017

Prepared by:

Mr. Yasir Latif

and Mr. Diosdado Martinez Aler II


Steps in Disassembling the Computer*:

1. Observe the demonstration on how to disassemble a

Computer System (Don’t proceed without the resource

person’s guide).

2. Always follow the Safety Procedure. Electrostatic Discharge

(ESD) precaution before removing the system cover.

3. Unplug every cable that's plugged in to your computer.

4. Lay the computer in an open area computer following the

safety rules.



5. Examine and observe the system arrangement after opening

the CPU case and before removing.

6. Begin removing the internal components.(CPU fan, RAM,

Video Card, Sound Card and the rest of the internal

component inside the motherboard.(Extra care is advised)

7. Unplug the fan from the motherboard. Find the plug by

following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled

"SYS_FAN1". Unscrew the fan from the outside.



8. Unlock the RAMs for they are inside the system board.

9. Remove all the wires and cables connected to the system board especially the main

power supply and its connectors likewise wires connected to the switch button.

10.Unscrew each type of the components such as

sound cards, video cards and other components.

11.Then unscrew the Power supply, HDD, FDD,

CDROM. Make sure there would be no wires and

cable connected to each computer peripherals.

12.Lastly, unscrew the motherboard. Make sure all

kinds of screw are in groups. (Kindly arrange all the

component and peripherals in a clean area)


Steps in Re-assembling the Computer*:

1. Observe the demonstration on how to re-assemble a

Computer System (Don’t proceed without the resource

person’s guide).

2. Re-assemble the computer by yourself.


Reference:

* EECP4231P - PC Familiarization Components

(Assembly and Diassembly) by Gumapac, B. Higher College of

Technology.


Installing the Microsoft

Windows 10

Operating System

18 April 2017

Compiled by:

Mr. Yasir Latif

and Mr. Diosdado Martinez Aler II


Steps in Installing Windows 10*



1. Download the Windows 10 ISO image from Microsoft’s web site.

Alternatively you can download the web installer from the same page and

just choose to upgrade your PC, which is the easiest option.

2. If you are installing on a regular PC with Windows already on it, you’ll be

prompted immediately to start the upgrade process. Alternatively, you can

burn it to an optical disk or create a bootable USB flash drive.

3. Install it mostly by clicking the Next button, making sure to choose Upgrade

when prompted. You may also choose to do a clean install.



4. When you first boot the computer you’ll see a screen like this one:



5. Click Next and you’ll be taken to the Install now button screen, which

obviously you should click.



6. Click Custom: Install Windows only (advacned).



7. At this point you’ll need to pick where to install Windows 10. You might

need to delete or create a partition.



8. And now it will install.



9. Once the PC reboots again, you’ll be able to select the settings like whether

Windows Updates are enabled.). Just use the express settings.



10. And now you can sign into your Microsoft account because otherwise you

won’t be able to use half of the new features.



11. Now you’ll be asked how to setup the PC.Choose to set it up as a new PC.



12. Want to use OneDrive? It’s nicely integrated into Windows,so we just left it alone.



13. And now a colorful screen that tells us things are happening.



14. And finally, we are at the desktop!


Reference:

* How to Install Windows 10 on Your PC by Lowell Heddings on

July 29th, 2015 (https://www.howtogeek.com/197559/how-to-

install-windows-10-on-your-pc/)

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