Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

Art Nouveau

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

2

The Movement • Art Nouveau began in Europe in the 1890s

• It was also known as Jugenstil, Stile Liberty, and Modernista

• Primarily a Decorative style, it was inspired by Rococo forms and based on sinuous curves

• Art Nouveau was born out of the Industrial Revolution and the new urban lifestyles that came along with it

• It was influenced by the Arts & Crafts movement in England and the US and by the Symbolist movement in France

• In return, it influenced Modernism, De Stijl (or Neoplasticism), Contstructivism, Suprematism, the Bauhaus and Art Deco

Parure de Corsage, Alphonse Mucha c. 1900

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

3

• The goal of the movement was to raise craft to the level of Fine Art

• its proponents held that art and life were one and the same

• Art Nouveau is often thought of in reference to poster art, but its influence was felt much more broadly, with impact on wrought-iron work, architecture, furniture, jewelry, glasswork and typography

• Originally, Art Nouveau was intended to be popular art, both available to and affordable by everyone, but it became so intricate and extravagant that only the wealthy were able to afford it

Jane Avril, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec1893

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

4

Architecture

Grand Hotel Europa, Bedrich Bendelmayer and Alois Dryak1903-1905

• Some famous architects who were influential in the Art Nouveau movement were Antoni Gaudi, Louis Sullivan and Victor Horta

• Antoni Gaudi had a nearly maniacal avoidance of straight lines. He did not use flat surfaces and his buildings are recognizable in their assymetry.

• It was Louis Sullivan who coined the phrase “Form follows function”

• Louis Sullivan thought of buildings as being comparable to the human body - with flesh and muscle attached to bone. He is best known for designing the Wainwright Building in St. Louis

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

5

Interior Stairwell, The Horta House, Victor Horta C. 1898

• Victor Horta was a Belgian architecht who studied in Paris

• Some of his more prominent buildings are the Palais des Beasux-Arts, the Solvay House, the Max Hallet House, the Tassel house and his own Horta House

"Even I am amazed to see plans, elevations and details spurt forth spontaneously from the ends of my pencils."

-Victor Horta

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

6

Poster Art

Gismonda, Alphonse Mucha1894

• Poster Art became prevalent in part due to the advances in printing during the late 1800's

• Some of the most successful poster artists were Alphonse Mucha, Jules Cheret and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

• The largest single influence on Art Nouveau graphic art was Japanese art

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

7

La Dame aux Camelias, Alphonse Mucha1896

• Alphonse Mucha published Les Documents decoratifs, a volume of ornamental designs, in 1902

• His work often features decorative fonts, floral elements and sensual women with cascading hair

• Beginning with her play, Gismonda, Mucha became Sarah Bernhardt's artist

• He is known for his application of painting techniques in poster art

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

8

Furniture

Washstand, Charles Rennie Mackintosh1904

• Art Nouveau designers used traditional materials in new and innovative ways

• Some important designers were Hector Guimard, Gustave Serrurier-Bovy, Emile Galle, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh

• Funiture was designed to continue the architecture of a room

• They integrated multiple purposes into their items, such as the shelves added to the washstand pictured here

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

9

Carved and Inlaid "Dragonfly" Table, Emile GalleC. 1900

• Louis Majorelle, along with Emile Galle and others, organized the Ecole de Nancy in France

• They produced multiple versions of the same piece of furniture

• Elements of nature were still quite important to the movement

• The curvilinear structure behind Art Nouveau was very apparent

• Many woods, such as mohogany, oak and pear, that had previously fallen out of popularity were now used and coveted

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

10

Sculpture

Nature, Alphonse Mucha1899-1900

• As in other areas of Art Nouveau, butterflies, moths, wasps and other insects were features of sculpture and jewelry

• Some important names were Rene Lalique, Philippe Wolfers, Louis Comfort Tiffany, and Georges Fouquet

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

11

Peacock, Alphonse Mucha1901

• This Peacock is part of the jewelry shop owned by Georges Fouquet and designed by Alphonse Mucha

• Mucha depicted Sarah Bernhardt wear-ing jewelry in his posters. Ms. Bernhardt commissioned Fouquet to create a brace-let based on Mucha's drawings

Carole L Chesser

CAT 111 - 2009

12

Bibliography"Anatomy of an Exhibition - Art Nouveau, 1890-1914."” National Gallery of Art. Web. 12 Aug. 2009. <http://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/nouveau.shtm>.

Greenhalgh, Paul, ed. Art nouveau 1890-1914. London: V&A publications, 2000.

"Henry van de Velde - Great Buildings Online." Architecture Design Images History 3D Models and more - ArchitectureWeek Great Buildings. Web. 21 Aug. 2009. <http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Henry _ van _ de _ Velde.html>.

Janson, H. W. History of art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001.

"Mucha do about something." Travel Trade Gazette UK & Ireland. (June 4, 2001): 40. General OneFile. Gale. Anne Arundel County Public Library. 2 Feb. 2009

"The Great Ones." Art Business News. 28.4 (April 2001): 44. General OneFile. Gale. Anne Arundel County Public Library. 2 Feb. 2009