Panarchy and Adaptive Change - Around the Loop and Back Again
Around the World and Back Again
1
Medicine and Surgery Iojs cf Consciousness Up Amcng the Clouds THE flying man's ills are beginning to be catalogued, according to an article in "The Medical Record." Take the air accidents about which ¿ere remains a mystery. A British sur¬ don is quoted as believing that "in a «¡rge proportion of these mysterious rashes the cause is loss of consciousness by the pilot." «He has had at *east 'our cases °*' Pilots .pleudv lésiner consciousness in the air. Two of these 'crashed' on trying to land, which apparently they did -subconsciously, ¦ithout severe injury to themselves, the ¿her two both lost consciousness at a icieht, subsequently regaining it, and were hie to recover control of the machine and nake safe landings, both feeling extreme¬ ly ill- -He has often noticed how greatly -any «limentary disturbance becomes exagger- ited in the air, and several cases of vomit- jag while flying have occurred apart from Ttstibular vomiting experienced by some pilots on extremely 'bumpy' days. In these jases also the pilot, on questioning, has ad¬ mitted having had slight indigestion before joing UP* «A common cold when accompanied by mach nasal catarrh will often give rise to ,rtat,*trouble at a height, and especially during rapid divine, and several times pilots with this condition have come for ad¬ vice, wishing to ascribe their symptoms to a'lack of oxygen,' but with the curing of the cold the trouble ceases." Pneumonia PNEUMONIA has been so common among miners whose work keeps them underground ten hours a day or more, that an abnormally large percent¬ age and a high death rate as compared with the number of cases among above- ground workmen have been taken for granted as unavoidable, says an article in "The Medical Times": "Researches have shown that the preva¬ lence varies greatly. In some mining ré¬ girai the death toll is high; in others it is scarcely above normal. In one mine it may be, perhaps, far in excess of that in an¬ other near by. In coal mines carbon di¬ oxide, carbon monoxide, methane, sulphur dioxide and other gases have been alleged cause».and doubtless these gases have wen fruitful sources of disease and death. Intemperance and unsanitary conditions have likewise contributed to make a high death rate-. Indeed, practically every one of the causes alleged in various mines and various localities may be said to have been substantiated. In the .South African mines, where the ur.d'-rground work of drilling, collaring, blasting and shovelling is car¬ ried on in cjuartzite and other quartz- bearing rock, the initial cause of the thsease is sharp-edged drill dust; and al¬ though the immediate and apparent cause of death may be an acute attack of pneumonia behind the pneumonia is an advanced stage of tuberculosis; and behind the tuberculosis is a pair of lungs raw and irritated because of the accumulation of millions of sharp- cutting partick-3 of quartz dust. "The condition of the lungs, ingested and tongested with quartz dust, is aptly termed silicosis. In the broad sense of the word silicosis might be called a disease, as well .I a condition. The tine particles drawn »rough the bronch:i and their ramifications «toring repeated inhalation finally insinuate ..henseh-es within the walls of the air vesi¬ cles of the lnng3. The results are twofold* la the first place the accumulation of for- .ign matter prevent*- normal aeration; in we second place, the cutting and irritant ttt'.on of the silicious particles brings about » nbrous growth which is nature's attempt '» encygt them. This further reduces the power of aeration by diminishing the aerat- 'Hg surface. The advanced stages of sili- «osis^ are characterized by shortness of »reath and labored breathing. A pair of »..¦g.*», congested with silicious dust, raw «id bloodshot, is ready to catch anything; .ad tubérculos:3 is just behind the bat." M Wound Shock b'CH has recently been written of "she'd shock," but quite as impor- ******* is the handling of wounded men in .**«r to minimize what is known as ".found shock," according to the digest «ian article in "The New York Medical .Journal." in the opinion of the three authorities cited, everything could be ^e in the way of treatment which will Promote the restoration of a normal and *W>!e flow of blood. And further: .Tl. in« wounded man should be guarded '**'¦'¦ u-v: of heat from the very first. Mfi *i<J dr'" '-' '''jl,J bc aPP»ied wilh ,'.,''* exPoaure »i po:-.-;,ble, a hot drink «u«j hi- giv«n at once, and the patient ¦SÏÏr hl- car"'***y wrapped in a blanket, «JW* ihould b« carried, dry, along with ¦-'/ «retener, and a dose of »ixteen rnilli- .v««'* .>.-¦;.,. one-fourth) of morphine .mt be g¦¦....,. orally by the orderly if 2» i» much pain. The patient should ST '"*'.¦'¦¦¦ rapidly to the regimental 'tJ'-'* ''''''" general condition nbould t«»» *tUnd«<* to. ,r> be followed by at- ttn»? ''' bí" wound- M" »hould be trans- ¡SSL** * .'.''. ." "'' ','"' with three **.%%*'*/'' 'r'i'i"'i ** to give four thick- ¡.tínt biank'*' bot#1 »bov« ami below the j. r'- A few ounce* of hot fluid «hould ¦J I. 8* *o«n «.*.» the patient arrive», hi* >',', '4 '-"'' !-."-¦ »hould be removed, thtit<Ah"r elothin« |f :' covers .vound**.. to ? ih;y' tirne '¦"¦ »-'"'»u'-'l be lying on the kJa^T* ' ''""' "r th* Uur>*f'v* ot which 'Jilt,'*"* U' f;'!i down-w-ard on either tide iy 'riT', H vi-r'.u chamber with 'he help of a .»«.if/'1"''*'1 'u'''Ur ri"' 'techar. When the Sm j*f* ProP«rly elean-wd, dr«»»ed and ¡Kb*- * iM!C'"", hot drink '* «"*«. vr"f- ttim V *v/*'*!t*"<"' ¦»*.» contairiínjí fo>jr «W* *'"'"-"" -"»carbonate, and hot water .4« »A *** i'la<;<:'-' »bout the patient. At *ftriî.J*n**d <irtitr/i1't( »tation h« I« aga,-, «triste** *ith<>'*'t h*-ing movH fror,, the tate^A1 ar"1 *ny naeaaaary treatment i» |tftJJ?|wl* Vrtnh hot waUr bottle» are itteZr *?<? h« .» removed to the clearing .lï£kV ( r<s '""»«nth is again applied P* 1» being undreined and prepared Around the World and Back Again How To Be Nice to Bluejackets Ashore IN the course of an article on "Lib¬ erty Breaking:'' in "Our Navy" John D. Whitecar offers the fol¬ lowing practical suggestions: "If anybody wants to help the bluejacket ashore he can do so in a manner that will always be remembered favorably by the bluejacket. Let him fix up a place whero a man can clean Jup after a night's ride on a train. At present if he de¬ sires to clean up he must engage a room at the near¬ est hotel, paying for a full day's use of the room. This >~ amounts to a con- ^~/*\ side rabio item ^^^/^/yir // ^* when a fellow tig (| draws but $30 a ¡.jrjjr * month. C\ IB -sr "As the majority c ,7^Vr¿á °f bluejackets if^^S) Jjr^L. come from inland *.^. . , states, it usuallv TH6 u«r o.T , means a long train ride when they leave the ship on furlough. And a fellow does not want to arrive home look¬ ing as if he had helped the poor train fire¬ man out. Then let him know where h< can get shaved up without being told hi- hair is thin, full of dust or falling out After his bath and shave watch him smili and reach down in his overshirt for hi: cigarettes. "The facilities offered by the railroad are good as far as they go, but your real honest-to-goodness saltwater sailor want gangway when he takes a wash. And h wants a WASH. Not a canary bird's bat! He does not wet the tip of his fingers -an gently touch his eyes. He sloughs into bucket of water and WASHES. "If you see a bluejacket travelling alon or even a couple of other fellows, why juf say to him, 'Will you join me in a cup c Java, young man?' and you will be sui prised how he will start to become huma and tell you all about it. You will als be pleased to note how many bluejackel desire coffee instead of liquor. If you kno any one in the navy, ask the bluejacket he ever ran across such a man; maybe 1 did. I once left a fellow in Shanghai, Chin and met his father when I was on a tra in Ohio. And maybe the father was n. pleased when I gave him good news of h only boy. In your conversation with tl sailor man, don't refer to him or other na\ men as 'Jackies' «all the samee monkeys but say 'men,' 'sailors.' 'bluejackets' or 'ye fellows.' Don't ask him why his trouse are so wide at the bottom- he docs n know. All he knows is they cost him twi as much now as they did nine months ago A "Carry On" Map of Suffrage Industrial China IN "The National Marine" appear the following interesting statistics: "In China there are 0,430 miles of rail¬ way open to traffic; 2,349 miles are foreign owned and controlled; ,'"¡,('80 are state owned, and 400 miles are owned by pri¬ vate companies; 1,629 miles of road are under construction, and loans are negotiated for but work is not yet commenced on 7,425 more miles. "There are 25,000 factories that employ 400.000 men and 150,000 women. These factories are nearly all on the seaboard and do not include some hundreds of thou¬ sands of little home workshops that produce most, of the materials for home consump¬ tion. There are thirty factories where aerated water is bottled; there are fifteen firms in the production of egg albumen for export; 19 breweries; 12 canning plants, 15 cement and brick and tile factories. 10 clothing mills, 112 clothing spinning and weaving mills. 0 distilleries, 3!) dock yards, 21 electric light and power plants, 57 flour m;Us, 24 glass and porcelain works, 42 vege¬ table oil mills, 18 paper mills, 56 printing and lithographing plants, 20 sawmills, 28 silk filatures, 12 smelting works, 70 soap and candle works, 10 tea factories and 23 tobacco factories." Go-operative Delivery W RITER in World's Work" notes : "The removal of a million and a half men from industry for service in the army and navy has been responsible for a vast exten¬ sion of cooperative delivery systems A .from The Woman Citizen throughout the farming sections of the West and in the smaller, and some of the larger, cities throughout the country. Here again the motor truck ¡3 used almost ex¬ clusively. Up to a recent time there were cooperative delivery systems in forty-seven cities of twenty states of the Union. One package delivery company in Boston han¬ dles between 7,500 and 10,000 packages a day, using about forty motor trucks for this purpose. Two large department stores in New York.Lord & Taylor and James McCreery & Co..pool their deliveries in a separate delivery concern. The import¬ ance of cooperative deliveries in these days of war economy may be seen in the ex¬ perience of Ottawa, in Kansas, a town of 7.70O population, which recently reduced the number of delivery trucks used by the merchants oí the town from thirty-four to nine, and effected savings of from 2" to 70 per cent of their former delivery ex- penses. In another city cf 12.000 popula¬ tion, the number of trucks was reduced from twenty to fourteen. One grocer in a town of 4,000 population has in this way effected a saving cf 50 per cent, cutting his yearly delivery expense from $1.038 to S80G." The Wireless as a Trade Weapon «ÍÍTN the reconstruction period follow- ¦*¦ ing the war the nations possessing the bes*: systems of rapid electrical com¬ munication with distant possessions or distant markets will have a very great advantage in ffieir commerce and na¬ tional development." declares a writer in "The Americas." The ai*tirie continues: "On the other hand, to boycott a nation by curtailing its electrical communications would mean placing an almost insurmount¬ able obstacle in the way of its foreign trade. For instance, present day foreign exchange is deper.d.-nt very largely on the use of the cable. It. is through cable quo¬ tations that the prices of commodities on the world's markets are settled. Whereas a dispatch sent by regular mail from the United States or Europe to South America requires normally the best part of twenty days, a cable or wireless message requires but twenty minutes for delivery. "If the reconstruction after the war is along clearly cut national or imperial lines, the possession of strategic stations for cables or wireless apparatus will rank in importance with the possession cf coal¬ ing stations. As in the case of coaling stations, the foremoät nation to-day in the ownership of these islands and ports serv¬ ing as cable or wireless relay points is England. English capital also controls the majority of the great international trunk lines of cable, having built up a world¬ wide system during the sixty or more years since the first international submarine cable was laid. On the other hand, wire¬ less telegraphy is of such recent develop¬ ment that world systems have not yet been completed. England, however, just before the war, had actually under way a plan for an imperial wireless scheme to link up the different parts of the British Em¬ pire. Germany early recognized the im¬ portance of a cable system independent of British control to unite the scattered Ger¬ man colonies with the mother country, and after twenty years of effort had at th«: beginning of the war almost succoeded in creating such a system. By the conquest of the German colonies England has now undone this work. Franco was also striv¬ ing during the years before the war to conn?ct her colonies with herself by means of French cables, but several «.japs stit! remain in the French system. The United States ranked second only to England in the possession of international cables." In the Great Workshop of Science Shovelling Poisonous Gas Out of Trenches WEIGHING considerably more than the atmosphere, the poi¬ sonous gases employed in mod¬ ern warfare always seek lower levels. Thus the gas clouds penetrate trenches and deep dugouts, and in most cases it is a matter of many hours before they be¬ come sufficiently diluted with the atmos¬ phere to permit of safe breathing. So the matter resolves itself into a problem of driving the poisonous fumes out of the trenches and underground shelters, or at least thinning them out until the air is again made safe. For this r&uon, says "The Scientific American," American soldiers now in France literally "shovel" poisonous fumes out of their trenches. Attached to a shovel is a sort of canvas scoop or "flap¬ per" which permits the men to heave tho heavy gases over the parapets and to beat the fumes and dissipate them in the surrounding air. A New Alibi for Dispatchers, TVTO MORE will a railroad dispatcher *¦ ^ need to seek an alibi if an order he gives miscarries, resulting in a wreck. According to "Popular Mechanics,'' the dispatcher for an electric railway in Missouri uses a dictaphone in connec¬ tion with his work. With the mouth¬ piece of a dictaphone attached to the telephone transmitter the dispatcher is able to record his instruction by tele¬ phone to conductors at various points along the line. "Lifting the receiver from the hook starts the dictaphone cylinder rotating. The records made in this way are dated and preserved for a time so that they may be referred to in case any dispute arises as to the character of the orders given." If You Don't Smell All Right in a Beehive You're Kicked Out ALL bees smell alike to average mor¬ tals, but Dr. N. E. Mclndoo, whose book "Recognition Among Insects" has recently been published by the Smith¬ sonian Institution, has trained his nose until he can recognize the three castes of |jecs . queens, drones and workers. merely by smelling them. He can also distinguish »several other odors peculiar to bees and their hives. His experiments «hew that the bees themselves recognize on« another by individual odors, and use the memo of smell for as many purposes as human beings use their eyes and ear*. Worker bee« returning to the hives from the field pa«« thft Kuard unmole3t«d, because they carry the proper sign, al¬ though the hive odor they carry is faint¬ er than when they left the hive, and it is i also partially masked by the odors from the nectar and pollen carried by these bees..Popidar Science Monthly. Microphones T"?NGLISH experts have so improved -¦.' the use of the microphone on anti- submarine vessels, says a writer in "The Electrical Experimenter," that they are able to steer accurately and automatical¬ ly down on the submarine, while former¬ ly they were unable to locate a vessel be¬ neath the surface. The microphones are placed below the water close to the keel of the vessel and answer the same pur¬ pose as the microphone of a telephone. By listening to the beat of the subma¬ rine's propeller the crew can determine the exact location of the enemy and at¬ tack him before he has the slightest idea of what is happening. "Hercules" t, ndencood A Underwood, ,V. Y. This great derrick, called "Hercules," is here seen lifting a steel mast at the plant of the New- port News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. It is said to be one of the largest electrically, operated revolving derricks in the world. The photograph, with others of a similar nature, appeared in 'The National Marine." Catching Aviators by Electricity id \ /TORE frightfulness," comments the 1* ¦- editor of "The London Aero¬ plane," in citing the following: "The frontier correspondent of the 'Tele- graaf,' of Amsterdam, reports on February 27 that the Germans at Zeebrugge have adopted a new method for catching hostile aviators. Toward evening they send up twenty captive balloons, without crews and attached to electrified steel cables. The electric barrier thus created is claimed to constitute a great danger to ail aviators coming into contact with it. [What a won¬ derfully imitative person is the Ger¬ man!.Ed.] The Germans, it is asserted, have also manufactured a new and improved type of aeroplane, fitted with three propellers, one being so arranged that it can keep the aero¬ plane for some time stationary above a cer¬ tain point, thus permitting the bomb thrower to aim with greater accuracy. [Every perpetrator of crazy aeronautical ideas has invented this for the last nino years. Probably the yarn originated from some one seeing a three or four engined Riesenflugzeug..Ed.] The Narrow Gauge Be¬ hind the Lines ALTHOUGH motor trucks and fine roadways played an important part in the successful French defence of Verdun, it must not be inferred that railways are ijot first in the problem of transportation just back of front lines. Such is the case, according to Robert K. Tomlin, writing in "The Engineering News-Record." It was soon found that the number of motor trucks necessary to supply the front lines wore down the roads so rapidly that the greater part of the motor trucks were soon required to repair their own damage to the roads! Hence the light gasolene locomotive is used on light railways near the front instead of steam locomotives, because it is more nearly noiseless. Away With the Axe THE day of the woodsman with the big axe will soon be over, judging from a new tree-felling machine de¬ scribed in "The Scientific American." The new machine, a German invention; is run by a small motor. It will cut through a trunk thirty inches in diameter xmsammmmz^ u -mwwmm in a couple of minutes. The saw is a chain affair with links of six teeth each, which are readily exchanged. It runs in a frame over four rollers with ball bear¬ ings. Its hollow handle is designed as a reservoir for oil. God and the Devil The Church Is Fighting for Its Life «^ «HE war is not alone a military battle, but a moral and re¬ ligious battle as well," says an editorial in "The San Francisco Chroni¬ cle." ''These Prussian standards of conscienc .- less materialism, brutality and immorality are the most revolting to the human con¬ science that have ever appeared among men. "They must be trampled and destroyed in their ignominy, »and those who profess them must, be disgraced and undone for the sake of the world. "If Prussianism should triumph in this war, then Christian standards are undone. If the Hun prevails the Church is smitten a deadly blow. "Therefore, the Church is fighting for its life.the Catholic Church, the Presbyterian Church, the Baptist, the Methodist, the Episcopalian and the Jewish churches ar all in a life and death struggle, which hangs upon the discomfiture of Germany." Getting Away From the "Mere Semblance" . QO WELL is« this situation being ap¬ preciated by religious leaders of ail denominations that the Protestant Epis¬ copal Bishop of Utah was called upon to explain his pacifism here before bis spiritual peers last week, whose attitude was well expressed in his Easter address by the Rt. Rev. .lames De Wolf Perry, jr., Bishop of Rhode Island: "In a hundred militar,- camps and naval stations, on vessels of war and on the bar tlefield, the sleeping powers of a host of men have wakened to new life. The dis¬ cipline that gives a man control of .«11 hi members;« the re-creation of his physical and moral fibre; the response of .« man' whole being to the call of service this is ,« return to life from the mere semblance of life. "Still more apparent have th<» sam force* been at work to vitalize the dormant spirit of a people. Human energies hitherto un known have ben set free; hidden re oui without tue.«sure have been poured households, communities, whole populations have risen from a living death with heart.! aflame. ""Meanwhile, there is working through all the changing order a spiritual force is si lent and invisible, yet inevitable as the re¬ turn of" spring. Beyond every other or God's mighty works is the rebirth of a peo¬ ple's soul. Only have the first sign- of ir appeared, reflected here and there on faces transfigured by sufTerire;: voiced by t! c ¦., ent of one fallen soldier: 'I would not y single selfish regret tarnish the splendor of his honor,' or again echoed in a letl from the front, 'The only enemies of Chris¬ tianity are in the rear.' The army and navy have become schools in vigorous an«! <-!« mental relipion which will ere lowy, r^kin«li the faith of mankind. "Central in this faith is a new conv ction of eternal life. While multitudes of mel¬ are carrying on their cause across the line of death, the earth that they have Iped redeem vibrates with the moa-ure.«! t;« :, ¡ of their unseen hosts. The cries of battle a1" caught up by their song of triumph. Death is swallowed up in victory. The voice of the risen Christ is heard as the shout of a King among them." Victory? What Christians Have Petitioned For for Centuries THE largest of the Evaneclical churches has been so thoroughly im¬ bued with the militant spirit of the day that it is not surprising to find the sam-- note sounded in the "First Methodist," :i little church paper of Wichita, Kan., in an article by Mrs. Henry J. Allen: "To me this is a holy war. and our vic¬ tory will be the victory for all that (,'hri- tians have prayed for during the lonir cen¬ turies of struggle and suffering that have made the civilized world what it is. "When we entered the war it was for ti preservation of ideals and establishing of the brotherhood of man. All our ¡nstitu- tions are founded upon this creed, and this is the essence of the teachings of Jesus. "Victory for Germany would defeat thr- ideals which we have held dear; but with victory for America and the Allie*-, pagan¬ ism will be crushed and never more cai; na¬ tions become engaged in a reign of terror and slaughter, such as has been brought o1« by the autocratic German creed that 'might makes right.' " The Nation's Cross l/fT LEXT is ¦L'-*- done. over now, 'tis past and My Easter with its risen Christ is come: But, O my country! when will pass thy Lent? Not till unnumbered precious lives arc spent, Not till thou, knov.'st the heart's GeU semane, Not till on bended knee, in agony. My country finds her God. At His great trumpet call, at His bchc-i. My country gires her sons in Freedom' quest, The sacrifice supreme. They ¡¿now the Cross ; We, standing by, will reckon not the loss. The heartbreak, and the pang, bot only pray God will send soon the world'* grea* Easter Day. .Sarah S. Pratt in The Living ( Hell's Livery IT IS a travesty on the Christian reli- * gton for one to claim to be an heir of God while living an heir of Satan. W hat right has one to say he is on his way to heaven while travelling in the livery of hell? It may be true that a man on earth can travel East and reach the West, but a man can't travel the hell- road and reach heaven "at the end..The Western Recorder.
Transcript of Around the World and Back Again
Medicineand
SurgeryIojs cf Consciousness Up
Amcng the CloudsTHE flying man's ills are beginning
to be catalogued, according to an
article in "The Medical Record."
Take the air accidents about which
¿ere remains a mystery. A British sur¬
don is quoted as believing that "in a
«¡rge proportion of these mysteriousrashes the cause is loss of consciousness
by the pilot."«He has had at *east 'our cases °*' Pilots.pleudv lésiner consciousness in the air.
Two of these 'crashed' on trying to land,which apparently they did -subconsciously,¦ithout severe injury to themselves, the
¿her two both lost consciousness at a
icieht, subsequently regaining it, and were
hie to recover control of the machine and
nake safe landings, both feeling extreme¬
ly ill--He has often noticed how greatly -any
«limentary disturbance becomes exagger-ited in the air, and several cases of vomit-
jag while flying have occurred apart fromTtstibular vomiting experienced by some
pilots on extremely 'bumpy' days. In thesejases also the pilot, on questioning, has ad¬mitted having had slight indigestion before
joing UP*«A common cold when accompanied by
mach nasal catarrh will often give rise to
,rtat,*trouble at a height, and especiallyduring rapid divine, and several timespilots with this condition have come for ad¬vice, wishing to ascribe their symptoms to
a'lack of oxygen,' but with the curing ofthe cold the trouble ceases."
Pneumonia
PNEUMONIA has been so common
among miners whose work keepsthem underground ten hours a day or
more, that an abnormally large percent¬age and a high death rate as comparedwith the number of cases among above-ground workmen have been taken forgranted as unavoidable, says an article in"The Medical Times":
"Researches have shown that the preva¬lence varies greatly. In some mining ré¬
girai the death toll is high; in others it isscarcely above normal. In one mine it maybe, perhaps, far in excess of that in an¬
other near by. In coal mines carbon di¬oxide, carbon monoxide, methane, sulphurdioxide and other gases have been allegedcause».and doubtless these gases havewen fruitful sources of disease and death.Intemperance and unsanitary conditionshave likewise contributed to make a highdeath rate-. Indeed, practically every oneof the causes alleged in various mines andvarious localities may be said to have beensubstantiated. In the .South African mines,where the ur.d'-rground work of drilling,collaring, blasting and shovelling is car¬ried on in cjuartzite and other quartz-bearing rock, the initial cause of thethsease is sharp-edged drill dust; and al¬though the immediate and apparent cause ofdeath may be an acute attack of pneumoniabehind the pneumonia is an advanced stageof tuberculosis; and behind the tuberculosisis a pair of lungs raw and irritated becauseof the accumulation of millions of sharp-cutting partick-3 of quartz dust."The condition of the lungs, ingested and
tongested with quartz dust, is aptly termedsilicosis. In the broad sense of the wordsilicosis might be called a disease, as well.I a condition. The tine particles drawn»rough the bronch:i and their ramifications«toring repeated inhalation finally insinuate..henseh-es within the walls of the air vesi¬cles of the lnng3. The results are twofold*la the first place the accumulation of for-.ign matter prevent*- normal aeration; inwe second place, the cutting and irritantttt'.on of the silicious particles brings about» nbrous growth which is nature's attempt'» encygt them. This further reduces thepower of aeration by diminishing the aerat-'Hg surface. The advanced stages of sili-«osis^ are characterized by shortness of»reath and labored breathing. A pair of»..¦g.*», congested with silicious dust, raw«id bloodshot, is ready to catch anything;.ad tubérculos:3 is just behind the bat."
MWound Shock
b'CH has recently been written of"she'd shock," but quite as impor-
******* is the handling of wounded men in.**«r to minimize what is known as
".found shock," according to the digest«ian article in "The New York Medical.Journal." in the opinion of the threeauthorities cited, everything could be^e in the way of treatment which willPromote the restoration of a normal and*W>!e flow of blood. And further:
.Tl.in« wounded man should be guarded'**'¦'¦ u-v: of heat from the very first.
Mfi*i<J dr'" '-' '''jl,J bc aPP»ied wilh
,'.,''* exPoaure »i po:-.-;,ble, a hot drink«u«j hi- giv«n at once, and the patient
¦SÏÏr hl- car"'***y wrapped in a blanket,«JW* ihould b« carried, dry, along with
¦-'/ «retener, and a dose of »ixteen rnilli-.v««'* .>.-¦;.,. one-fourth) of morphine.mt be g¦¦....,. orally by the orderly if2» i» much pain. The patient shouldST '"*'.¦'¦¦¦ rapidly to the regimental'tJ'-'* ''''''" general condition nbouldt«»» *tUnd«<* to. ,r> be followed by at-ttn»? ''' bí" wound- M" »hould be trans-¡SSL** * .'.''. ." "'' ','"' with three**.%%*'*/'' 'r'i'i"'i ** to give four thick-¡.tínt biank'*' bot#1 »bov« ami below thej.
r'- A few ounce* of hot fluid «hould¦J I. 8* *o«n «.*.» the patient arrive», hi*>',', '4 '-"'' !-."-¦ »hould be removed,thtit<Ah"r elothin« |f :' covers .vound**..to ? ih;y' tirne '¦"¦ »-'"'»u'-'l be lying on thekJa^T* ' ''""' "r th* Uur>*f'v* ot which'Jilt,'*"* U' f;'!i down-w-ard on either tideiy 'riT', H vi-r'.u chamber with 'he help of a
.»«.if/'1"''*'1 'u'''Ur ri"' 'techar. When theSm j*f* ProP«rly elean-wd, dr«»»ed and¡Kb*- * iM!C'"", hot drink '* «"*«. vr"f-ttim V *v/*'*!t*"<"' ¦»*.» contairiínjí fo>jr«W* *'"'"-"" -"»carbonate, and hot water.4« »A
*** i'la<;<:'-' »bout the patient. At*ftriî.J*n**d <irtitr/i1't( »tation h« I« aga,-,«triste** *ith<>'*'t h*-ing movH fror,, thetate^A1 ar"1 *ny naeaaaary treatment i»
|tftJJ?|wl* Vrtnh hot waUr bottle» are
itteZr *?<? h« .» removed to the clearing.lï£kV (r<s '""»«nth is again appliedP* 1» being undreined and prepared
Around the World and Back AgainHow To Be Nice toBluejackets Ashore
IN the course of an article on "Lib¬erty Breaking:'' in "Our Navy"John D. Whitecar offers the fol¬lowing practical suggestions:
"If anybody wants to help the bluejacketashore he can do so in a manner that willalways be remembered favorably by thebluejacket. Let him fix up a place wheroa man can cleanJup after a night'sride on a train. Atpresent if he de¬sires to clean uphe must engage aroom at the near¬est hotel, payingfor a full day's useof the room. This
>~ amounts to a con-
^~/*\ side rabio item^^^/^/yir // ^* when a fellowtig (| draws but $30 a¡.jrjjr * month.C\ IB -sr "As the majority
c ,7^Vr¿á °f bluejacketsif^^S) Jjr^L. come from inland*.^. . , states, it usuallvTH6 u«r o.T , means a long
train ride whenthey leave the ship on furlough. And afellow does not want to arrive home look¬ing as if he had helped the poor train fire¬man out. Then let him know where h<can get shaved up without being told hi-hair is thin, full of dust or falling outAfter his bath and shave watch him smiliand reach down in his overshirt for hi:cigarettes."The facilities offered by the railroad
are good as far as they go, but your realhonest-to-goodness saltwater sailor wantgangway when he takes a wash. And hwants a WASH. Not a canary bird's bat!He does not wet the tip of his fingers -angently touch his eyes. He sloughs intobucket of water and WASHES.
"If you see a bluejacket travelling alonor even a couple of other fellows, why jufsay to him, 'Will you join me in a cup cJava, young man?' and you will be suiprised how he will start to become humaand tell you all about it. You will alsbe pleased to note how many bluejackeldesire coffee instead of liquor. If you knoany one in the navy, ask the bluejackethe ever ran across such a man; maybe 1did. I once left a fellow in Shanghai, Chinand met his father when I was on a train Ohio. And maybe the father was n.pleased when I gave him good news of honly boy. In your conversation with tlsailor man, don't refer to him or other na\men as 'Jackies' «all the samee monkeysbut say 'men,' 'sailors.' 'bluejackets' or 'yefellows.' Don't ask him why his trouseare so wide at the bottom- he docs nknow. All he knows is they cost him twias much now as they did nine months ago
A "Carry On" Map of Suffrage
Industrial ChinaIN "The National Marine" appear the
following interesting statistics:"In China there are 0,430 miles of rail¬
way open to traffic; 2,349 miles are foreignowned and controlled; ,'"¡,('80 are stateowned, and 400 miles are owned by pri¬vate companies; 1,629 miles of road areunder construction, and loans are negotiatedfor but work is not yet commenced on
7,425 more miles."There are 25,000 factories that employ
400.000 men and 150,000 women. Thesefactories are nearly all on the seaboardand do not include some hundreds of thou¬sands of little home workshops that producemost, of the materials for home consump¬tion. There are thirty factories whereaerated water is bottled; there are fifteenfirms in the production of egg albumen for
export; 19 breweries; 12 canning plants,15 cement and brick and tile factories. 10clothing mills, 112 clothing spinning andweaving mills. 0 distilleries, 3!) dock yards,21 electric light and power plants, 57 flourm;Us, 24 glass and porcelain works, 42 vege¬table oil mills, 18 paper mills, 56 printingand lithographing plants, 20 sawmills, 28silk filatures, 12 smelting works, 70 soapand candle works, 10 tea factories and 23tobacco factories."
Go-operative DeliveryW RITER in World's Work"notes :
"The removal of a million and a half menfrom industry for service in the army andnavy has been responsible for a vast exten¬sion of cooperative delivery systems
A
.from The Woman Citizen
throughout the farming sections of theWest and in the smaller, and some of thelarger, cities throughout the country. Hereagain the motor truck ¡3 used almost ex¬
clusively. Up to a recent time there were
cooperative delivery systems in forty-sevencities of twenty states of the Union. Onepackage delivery company in Boston han¬dles between 7,500 and 10,000 packages a
day, using about forty motor trucks forthis purpose. Two large department storesin New York.Lord & Taylor and JamesMcCreery & Co..pool their deliveries ina separate delivery concern. The import¬ance of cooperative deliveries in these daysof war economy may be seen in the ex¬
perience of Ottawa, in Kansas, a town of7.70O population, which recently reducedthe number of delivery trucks used by themerchants oí the town from thirty-four tonine, and effected savings of from 2" to70 per cent of their former delivery ex-
penses. In another city cf 12.000 popula¬tion, the number of trucks was reducedfrom twenty to fourteen. One grocer ina town of 4,000 population has in this wayeffected a saving cf 50 per cent, cuttinghis yearly delivery expense from $1.038 toS80G."
The Wireless as a TradeWeapon
«ÍÍTN the reconstruction period follow-¦*¦ ing the war the nations possessing
the bes*: systems of rapid electrical com¬
munication with distant possessions ordistant markets will have a very greatadvantage in ffieir commerce and na¬
tional development." declares a writer in"The Americas." The ai*tirie continues:"On the other hand, to boycott a nation
by curtailing its electrical communicationswould mean placing an almost insurmount¬able obstacle in the way of its foreigntrade. For instance, present day foreignexchange is deper.d.-nt very largely on theuse of the cable. It. is through cable quo¬tations that the prices of commodities on
the world's markets are settled. Whereasa dispatch sent by regular mail from theUnited States or Europe to South Americarequires normally the best part of twentydays, a cable or wireless message requiresbut twenty minutes for delivery.
"If the reconstruction after the war isalong clearly cut national or imperiallines, the possession of strategic stationsfor cables or wireless apparatus will rankin importance with the possession cf coal¬ing stations. As in the case of coalingstations, the foremoät nation to-day in theownership of these islands and ports serv¬
ing as cable or wireless relay points isEngland. English capital also controls themajority of the great international trunklines of cable, having built up a world¬wide system during the sixty or more yearssince the first international submarinecable was laid. On the other hand, wire¬less telegraphy is of such recent develop¬ment that world systems have not yet beencompleted. England, however, just beforethe war, had actually under way a planfor an imperial wireless scheme to linkup the different parts of the British Em¬pire. Germany early recognized the im¬portance of a cable system independent ofBritish control to unite the scattered Ger¬man colonies with the mother country, andafter twenty years of effort had at th«:beginning of the war almost succoeded increating such a system. By the conquestof the German colonies England has nowundone this work. Franco was also striv¬ing during the years before the war toconn?ct her colonies with herself by meansof French cables, but several «.japs stit!remain in the French system. The UnitedStates ranked second only to England inthe possession of international cables."
In the Great Workshop of ScienceShovelling Poisonous Gas
Out of TrenchesWEIGHING considerably more
than the atmosphere, the poi¬sonous gases employed in mod¬
ern warfare always seek lower levels.Thus the gas clouds penetrate trenchesand deep dugouts, and in most cases it isa matter of many hours before they be¬come sufficiently diluted with the atmos¬phere to permit of safe breathing. Sothe matter resolves itself into a problemof driving the poisonous fumes out of thetrenches and underground shelters, or atleast thinning them out until the air isagain made safe.For this r&uon, says "The Scientific
American," American soldiers now inFrance literally "shovel" poisonous fumesout of their trenches. Attached to a
shovel is a sort of canvas scoop or "flap¬per" which permits the men to heave thoheavy gases over the parapets and tobeat the fumes and dissipate them in thesurrounding air.
A New Alibi forDispatchers,
TVTO MORE will a railroad dispatcher*¦ ^ need to seek an alibi if an orderhe gives miscarries, resulting in a wreck.According to "Popular Mechanics,'' thedispatcher for an electric railway inMissouri uses a dictaphone in connec¬tion with his work. With the mouth¬piece of a dictaphone attached to thetelephone transmitter the dispatcher isable to record his instruction by tele¬phone to conductors at various pointsalong the line.
"Lifting the receiver from the hookstarts the dictaphone cylinder rotating.The records made in this way are datedand preserved for a time so that theymay be referred to in case any disputearises as to the character of the ordersgiven."
If You Don't Smell AllRight in a BeehiveYou're Kicked Out
ALL bees smell alike to average mor¬
tals, but Dr. N. E. Mclndoo, whosebook "Recognition Among Insects" hasrecently been published by the Smith¬sonian Institution, has trained his nose
until he can recognize the three castes of|jecs . queens, drones and workers.merely by smelling them. He can alsodistinguish »several other odors peculiarto bees and their hives. His experiments«hew that the bees themselves recognizeon« another by individual odors, and use
the memo of smell for as many purposesas human beings use their eyes and ear*.
Worker bee« returning to the hivesfrom the field pa«« thft Kuard unmole3t«d,because they carry the proper sign, al¬
though the hive odor they carry is faint¬er than when they left the hive, and it is
i also partially masked by the odors from
the nectar and pollen carried by thesebees..Popidar Science Monthly.
MicrophonesT"?NGLISH experts have so improved-¦.' the use of the microphone on anti-
submarine vessels, says a writer in "TheElectrical Experimenter," that they areable to steer accurately and automatical¬ly down on the submarine, while former¬ly they were unable to locate a vessel be¬neath the surface. The microphones are
placed below the water close to the keel
of the vessel and answer the same pur¬pose as the microphone of a telephone.By listening to the beat of the subma¬rine's propeller the crew can determinethe exact location of the enemy and at¬tack him before he has the slightest ideaof what is happening.
"Hercules"
t, ndencood A Underwood, ,V. Y.
This great derrick, called "Hercules," is here seen lifting a steel mast at the plant of the New-port News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. It is said to be one of the largest electrically,operated revolving derricks in the world. The photograph, with others of a similar nature,appeared in 'The National Marine."
Catching Aviators byElectricity
id \ /TORE frightfulness," comments the1* ¦- editor of "The London Aero¬
plane," in citing the following:"The frontier correspondent of the 'Tele-
graaf,' of Amsterdam, reports on February27 that the Germans at Zeebrugge haveadopted a new method for catching hostileaviators. Toward evening they send uptwenty captive balloons, without crews andattached to electrified steel cables. Theelectric barrier thus created is claimed toconstitute a great danger to ail aviatorscoming into contact with it. [What a won¬
derfully imitative person is the Ger¬man!.Ed.]The Germans, it is asserted, have also
manufactured a new and improved type ofaeroplane, fitted with three propellers, onebeing so arranged that it can keep the aero¬
plane for some time stationary above a cer¬tain point, thus permitting the bombthrower to aim with greater accuracy.[Every perpetrator of crazy aeronauticalideas has invented this for the last ninoyears. Probably the yarn originated fromsome one seeing a three or four enginedRiesenflugzeug..Ed.]
The Narrow Gauge Be¬hind the Lines
ALTHOUGH motor trucks and fineroadways played an important
part in the successful French defenceof Verdun, it must not be inferred thatrailways are ijot first in the problem oftransportation just back of front lines.
Such is the case, according to RobertK. Tomlin, writing in "The EngineeringNews-Record." It was soon found thatthe number of motor trucks necessary to
supply the front lines wore down theroads so rapidly that the greater part ofthe motor trucks were soon required torepair their own damage to the roads!Hence the light gasolene locomotive
is used on light railways near the frontinstead of steam locomotives, because itis more nearly noiseless.
Away With the AxeTHE day of the woodsman with the
big axe will soon be over, judgingfrom a new tree-felling machine de¬scribed in "The Scientific American."The new machine, a German invention;
is run by a small motor. It will cutthrough a trunk thirty inches in diameter
xmsammmmz^ u -mwwmm
in a couple of minutes. The saw is achain affair with links of six teeth each,which are readily exchanged. It runs ina frame over four rollers with ball bear¬ings. Its hollow handle is designed asa reservoir for oil.
God andthe
DevilThe Church Is Fighting for Its
Life
«^«HE war is not alone a militarybattle, but a moral and re¬
ligious battle as well," says aneditorial in "The San Francisco Chroni¬cle."
''These Prussian standards of conscienc .-
less materialism, brutality and immoralityare the most revolting to the human con¬science that have ever appeared among men."They must be trampled and destroyed in
their ignominy, »and those who profess themmust, be disgraced and undone for the sakeof the world.
"If Prussianism should triumph in thiswar, then Christian standards are undone.If the Hun prevails the Church is smittena deadly blow.
"Therefore, the Church is fighting for itslife.the Catholic Church, the PresbyterianChurch, the Baptist, the Methodist, theEpiscopalian and the Jewish churches arall in a life and death struggle, which hangsupon the discomfiture of Germany."
Getting Away From the "MereSemblance"
.
QO WELL is« this situation being ap¬preciated by religious leaders of ail
denominations that the Protestant Epis¬copal Bishop of Utah was called upon toexplain his pacifism here before bisspiritual peers last week, whose attitudewas well expressed in his Easter addressby the Rt. Rev. .lames De Wolf Perry,jr., Bishop of Rhode Island:
"In a hundred militar,- camps and navalstations, on vessels of war and on the bartlefield, the sleeping powers of a host ofmen have wakened to new life. The dis¬cipline that gives a man control of .«11 himembers;« the re-creation of his physicaland moral fibre; the response of .« man'whole being to the call of service this is ,«return to life from the mere semblance oflife.
"Still more apparent have th<» sam force*been at work to vitalize the dormant spiritof a people. Human energies hitherto unknown have ben set free; hidden re ouiwithout tue.«sure have been pouredhouseholds, communities, whole populationshave risen from a living death with heart.!aflame.
""Meanwhile, there is working through allthe changing order a spiritual force is silent and invisible, yet inevitable as the re¬turn of" spring. Beyond every other orGod's mighty works is the rebirth of a peo¬ple's soul. Only have the first sign- of irappeared, reflected here and there on facestransfigured by sufTerire;: voiced by t! c ¦.,
ent of one fallen soldier: 'I would not ysingle selfish regret tarnish the splendorof his honor,' or again echoed in a letlfrom the front, 'The only enemies of Chris¬tianity are in the rear.' The army and navyhave become schools in vigorous an«! <-!«mental relipion which will ere lowy, r^kin«lithe faith of mankind."Central in this faith is a new conv ction
of eternal life. While multitudes of mel¬are carrying on their cause across the lineof death, the earth that they have Ipedredeem vibrates with the moa-ure.«! t;« :, ¡ oftheir unseen hosts. The cries of battle a1"caught up by their song of triumph. Deathis swallowed up in victory. The voice ofthe risen Christ is heard as the shout of a
King among them."
Victory? What Christians HavePetitioned For for Centuries
THE largest of the Evaneclicalchurches has been so thoroughly im¬
bued with the militant spirit of the daythat it is not surprising to find the sam--note sounded in the "First Methodist," :ilittle church paper of Wichita, Kan., inan article by Mrs. Henry J. Allen:"To me this is a holy war. and our vic¬
tory will be the victory for all that (,'hri-tians have prayed for during the lonir cen¬turies of struggle and suffering that havemade the civilized world what it is."When we entered the war it was for ti
preservation of ideals and establishing ofthe brotherhood of man. All our ¡nstitu-tions are founded upon this creed, and thisis the essence of the teachings of Jesus."Victory for Germany would defeat thr-
ideals which we have held dear; but withvictory for America and the Allie*-, pagan¬ism will be crushed and never more cai; na¬tions become engaged in a reign of terrorand slaughter, such as has been brought o1«by the autocratic German creed that 'mightmakes right.' "
The Nation's Crossl/fT LEXT is
¦L'-*- done.over now, 'tis past and
My Easter with its risen Christ is come:But, O my country! when will pass thy
Lent?Not till unnumbered precious lives arc
spent,Not till thou, knov.'st the heart's GeU
semane,Not till on bended knee, in agony.My country finds her God.At His great trumpet call, at His bchc-i.My country gires her sons in Freedom'
quest,The sacrifice supreme. They ¡¿now the
Cross ;We, standing by, will reckon not the loss.The heartbreak, and the pang, bot only
prayGod will send soon the world'* grea*
Easter Day..Sarah S. Pratt in The Living (
Hell's LiveryIT IS a travesty on the Christian reli-* gton for one to claim to be an heirof God while living an heir of Satan. Whatright has one to say he is on his way toheaven while travelling in the livery ofhell? It may be true that a man onearth can travel East and reach theWest, but a man can't travel the hell-road and reach heaven "at the end..TheWestern Recorder.
