Application Software 1 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc....

Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Peripheral (term from chap.1)

Any additional hardware attached to your computer.

Using Information Technology

Chapter 3

Software


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Application Software:For Your Productivity & Creativity

3.1 System Software

3.2 Application Software: Getting Started

3.3 Word Processing

3.4 Spreadsheets

3.5 Database Software

3.6 Specialty Software


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3.1 System Software

Operating system - the principal component of system software

Device drivers - help the computer control peripheral devices

Utility programs - support, enhance, or expand existing programs


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Operating System

A set of programs that manages the interaction between hardware and software

Software that controls access to other hardware and software.


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Main purposes of the operating system.

Determines the user interface Two types of user interfaces

1. GUI - Graphical User Interface

2. Command-Line Interface Manages the computer resources (CPU, memory, disk

drives, printers) Handles Virtual Memory – hard disk space used to

expand the capacity of RAM.

Executes and provides services for software. File Management –The OS records the storage locations

of all files. It also manages all changes to the files.


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The Computer System’s User Interface: Your Computer’s Dashboard

User interface - the user-controllable display screen that allows you to communicate, or interact, with the computer.

A User can interact with the display screen using a keyboard or a mouse:

Mouse - allows the user to direct an on-screen pointer to perform activities.

Pointer - usually appears as an arrow, but changes shape depending on the application.


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The GUI

Graphical user interface (GUI) - allows users to use a mouse or keyboard strokes to select icons and commands from menus.

The three features of GUI are desktop, icons, and menus.


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Desktop, Icons & Menus

Desktop - the system’s main interface screen, which displays pictures that provide quick access to programs and information.

Icons are small pictorial figures that represent programs, data files, or procedures.

Rollover is a small text box explaining the icon’s function when the mouse pointer is moved over the icon.

Icon

Rollover


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Desktop, Icons & Menus

Menu - a list of options to choose from--a list of commands for manipulating data.

Types of Menus:

Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down from the menu bar at the top of the screen.

Cascading menus - menus that seem to fly back to the left or explode out to the right.

Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from the menu bar at the bottom of the screen.


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Documents, Toolbars, & Windows

Title bar - A bar that runs across the very top of the display window and shows the name of the folder you are in.

Menu bar – a bar that shows the names of the various pull-down menus available.


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Toolbar - A bar that displays menus and icons representing frequently used options or commands.

Taskbar – the bar across the bottom of the desktop screen that contains the Start button and that appears by default.

Window – A rectangular frame on the display screen through which files of data and application programs can be viewed.

Documents, Toolbars, & Windows


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Command-Line interface

Consists of a prompt after which, a command is entered.

Example: MS-DOS

dir a: to list files & directories on a disk

in drive A.

a:\ to change to the A directory

exit to close.


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Kernel

Most important program in the operating system. Controls the entire operating system During computer operation, it remains in memory,

therefore it is referred to as “resident”. Loads into memory other operating system programs

(nonresident) from disk storage as needed.


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How does the kernel get into memory?

When the computer is turned on, a program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip performs internal hardware tests and then loads the kernal into memory.

This process is referred to as “Booting” the system.


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ROM - Read Only Memory

Storage that can be “read from” but not “written to”.


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Platform

Refers to a computer’s hardware and its operating system.

Certain software is made to run on certain platforms. Check:

Memory Processor Operating system


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Operating systems

Window 3.x versions

(Used as a shell for MS- DOS)

Windows 95, 98, ME (Millennium Edition)

Windows 2000

Windows XP


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Mac OS - operating system which runs only on Apple Macintosh computers

First successful GUI

Common Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems: Macintosh


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Novell’s Netware - a popular network operating system for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks (LANs).

Network Operating Systems: NetWare


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Windows NT - Microsoft’s multitasking OS which allows multiple users to share resources such as data and programs.

Windows 2000 - successor to Windows NT

Network Operating Systems: Windows NT/2000/2003


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UNIX - a multitasking operating system for multiple users with built-in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of computers.

Sun Microsystems’ Solaris is a version of UNIX and is popular for handling large e-commerce servers and large websites.

BSD, a free software derived from UNIX, is another interesting variant.

Network Operating Systems: UNIX


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Linux - a free version of UNIX, with continual improvements resulting from the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteer programmers.

It is open-source software meaning any programmer can download it from the Internet for free and modify it.

Network Operating Systems: Linux


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Operating Systems for Handhelds: Palm OS & Windows CE/Pocket PC/Windows CE .NET

Palm OS - the dominant OS for handhelds, which runs the Palm and Handspring Visor, and is licensed to other companies.

Windows CE (now Pocket PC) - slimmed-down version of Windows for handhelds.


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Device Drivers: Running Peripheral Hardware

Device drivers specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.

Comes with a peripheral device either on 3.5 floppy or CD


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Utilities: Service Programs

Utilities - programs which perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources.

Enhance existing functions or provide services not supplied by other system software programs.

Some of the tasks performed by utilities are backing up data, recovering lost data, and identifying hardware problems.


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3.2 Application Software: Getting Started

Commercial software – copyrighted and must be paid for

Public-domain software –software that is not copyrightedmay be used and altered

Shareware - copyrighted and free but requires a fee to be paid for continued useFreely distributed but only for a trial period.

Open-Source –freely usedfreely copiedSource code can be edited but modifications can’t be copyrighted.


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Freeware - Programmer chose to make his/her program free to the public.copyrighted - author retains ownership.

Rentalware – Copyrighted and leased

Pirated software – Software obtained illegally

Abandonware – Software that is no longer sold or supported by its publisher

Application Software: Getting Started


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Tutorials & Documentation

Tutorial - an instruction book or program that helps you learn to use the product by taking you through a prescribed series of steps.

Documentation - information that describes a product to users. For example, a user guide or reference manual.


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Types of Application Software

Productivity software - software whose purpose is to make users more productive at particular tasks.

Examples:

Word processing programs

Spreadsheets

Database managers


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3.3 Word Processing

Word processing software - allows users to use computers to create, edit, format, print, and store text material.


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3.4 SpreadsheetsThe Basics: How Spreadsheets Work

A spreadsheet is organized as:

Lettered column headings across the top

Numbered row headingsdown the left side

Labels - descriptive text that identifies categories


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3.5 Database Software

Database - a collection of interrelated files.

Database software - a program that sets up and controls the structure of a database and access to the data.

Benefits of Database Software:

Reduced redundancy

Increased integrity


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3.6 Specialty Software

Presentation graphics software - uses graphics, animation, sound, and data or information to make visual presentations

PowerPoint outline view


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Presentation-graphics programs offer templates to help organize presentations.

Templates are of two types:

Design templates - offer formats, layouts, background patterns, and color schemes that can apply to general forms of content material.

Content templates - offer formats for specific subjects.

Presentation Graphics Software


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Financial Software

Financial software - a growing category that ranges from personal-finance managers to entry-level accounting programs to business financial-management packages.

Microsoft Money


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Desktop Publishing (DTP)

DTP involves mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software.


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Drawing & Painting Programs

Drawing program - graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products.

Painting program - graphics program that allows users to simulate painting on screen.

Vector image

Raster image


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Other Specialty Software

Web page design/authoring software – used to create web pages with sophisticated multimedia features.

Video/audio editing software:

Video editing software allows you to import video footage to a PC and edit it.

Audio editing software provides capabilities to work with sound tracks, clean up background noise, and emphasize certain sound qualities.


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Project management software - program used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and resources required to complete a project on time.

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software - programs intended for the design of products, structures, civil engineering drawings, and maps.

Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software - allows products designed with CAD to be input into an automated manufacturing system that makes the products.

Other Specialty Software


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The following slides were not discussed in lecture.


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Concept Check

What is the term for software which can be downloaded from the Internet for free and modified with suggested improvements?

Open-source software


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Concept Check

Which Microsoft OS runs on handheld computers?

Windows CE/Pocket PC


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Concept Check

What is the name of the popular open-source version of UNIX?

Linux


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Concept Check

What was the first OS released by Microsoft?

DOS (Disk Operating System)


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Concept Check

What is the process of loading an operating system into a computer’s main memory called?

Booting


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Concept Check

What is the term for the particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based?

Platform


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Concept Check

Which OS, first introduced in 1984, set the standard for icon-oriented, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces?

Macintosh OS


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Concept Check

What is the process of preparing a floppy disk so that it can store data or programs called?

Formatting or initializing


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Concept Check

What is the name for the component of system software that allows input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system?

Device drivers


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Concept Check

What is the term for software that has been obtained illegally?

Pirated software


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Concept Check

What is the term for getting data from another source and then converting it into a format compatible with the program in which you are currently working?

Importing


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Concept Check

What kind of software allows several people to collaborate on the same project?

Groupware


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Concept Check

What does GUI stand for?

Graphical User Interface


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Concept Check

What is the term for small pictorial figures that represent programs, data files, or procedures?

Icons


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Concept Check

What type of menu can appear anywhere on the screen when the right mouse button is clicked?

Pop-up menu


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Concept Check

What is the name for a small text box explaining the icon’s function, which appears when you move the mouse pointer over the icon?

Rollover


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Concept Check

What term is used to refer to the location where a row and a column of a spreadsheet intersect?

Cell


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Concept Check

What is the process of recomputing values in a spreadsheet called?

Recalculation


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Concept Check

What does PIM stand for?

Personal Information Manager


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Concept Check

What type of application software is this PowerPoint program?

Presentation graphics software


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Concept Check

What feature of word-processing software is a preformatted document that provides basic tools for shaping a final document?

Template


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Concept Check

What word-processing software feature answers your questions and uses the answers to lay out and format a document?

Wizard


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Concept Check

What word-processing software tool presents you with the appropriate word or alternative words?

Thesaurus


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Concept Check

What type of application software is not copyrighted?

Public-domain software


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Concept Check

What is the term for a contract in which you agree not to make copies of software to give away or for resale?

Software license


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Concept Check

What type of application software provides the user with the capability to query records?

Database software


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Concept Check

What type of database organizes data into related tables, each of which contains rows and columns?

Relational database


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Concept Check

What is the term for a number or date entered into a spreadsheet cell?

Value


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Concept Check

What is the name for the movable symbol on the screen that shows where you may next enter data or commands?

Cursor

Application Software 1 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc....

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Transcript of Application Software 1 Copyright © 2005. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc....