Appendix Bus Customary

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APPENDIX B

GENERAL PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS

Revised 05/26/06

The basis for all investigation, design, and report preparation of WFLHD projectsshall be the Western Federal Lands Highway Divisions Project Development

and Design Manual (PDDM), and the Federal Highway Administrations

Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal

Highway Projects, FP-03 (FP-03).

The following information is to be used as a general basis for providing

engineering and design services for WFLHD Projects. The information iscontained in various sources and supplements the PDDM. The information is not

intended to be all-inclusive.

Chapter 3 - ENVIRONMENT..................................................................B-2

Chapter 5 - SURVEYING AND MAPPING..........................................B-13Chapter 6 - GEOTECHNICAL...............................................................B-16

Chapter 7 - HYDROLOGY/HYDRAULICS.........................................B-24

Chapter 9 - HIGHWAY DESIGN..........................................................B-27

Chapter 10 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN....................................................B-34

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Supplement to

CHAPTER 3 - ENVIRONMENT

Environmental Procedures and Requirements may be found at the following web site:

http://environment.fhwa.dot.gov/guidebook/index.htm

All environmental reports shall be developed using the following criteria:

- Typed single-space or space-and-a-half, using Times New Roman 12 point font,and bound margins shall be 12-inches.

- Documents shall be fully proofed and edited, and a consistent writing style shall

be used.

- All written material prepared shall be reproduced front to back in standard bookformat with page numbers at the bottom center of each page.

- Measurements and quantities shall be shown in U.S. Customary units.

- Consistency of capitalization and punctuation usage, format, and style shall be

maintained throughout documents submitted.- All documents shall be prepared on white paper in a standard 8 -inch by 11-inch

size with the exception that maps or other illustrations may be wider than 8 inches (but no wider than 17 inches) provided they are folded to fit within the

standard size.

- All documents shall contain, at a minimum, a general area map showing the

location of the project in the state, an area map showing the project location withrespect to nearby towns and other features (the general area map can be an inset

on the area map), a vicinity map showing the specific location of the route and

project, and appropriate alignment maps. Other maps and illustrations should beused that will help demonstrate or clarify points or items of interest in the

document.

- All reports are subject to review and acceptance by the FHWA. Revisions are tobe made to the draft document based on the FHWA's review.

- Copies of the documents shall be provided to the FHWA on compact discs, 650

MB or greater, capable of being read on any standard computer CD reader drive,or via electronic transfer, at the time of approval and at other times FHWA may

request information contained in working copies of documents.

A. Preparation of the Environmental Document

A.1. Alternatives Discussion

Each alternative discussed shall cover the following information:

- Description of the condition of any roads (e.g., paved, graded, etc.) on an

alignment alternative, the name and location of adjacent and intersecting roads,and relevant elevations for roads with steep grades.

- Description of the alternatives termini, location, road attributes, proposed right-

of-way, and property ownership.

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- Description of the terrain type, vegetation, streams, and wildlife areas from the

beginning to the end of the project.

- Description of the cities, towns, communities, major businesses, schools, andchurches served.

- Description of any nearby projects or current construction of roads, dams, or

bridges that might effect project development, construction, or traffic.- Discussion of construction and maintenance costs and factors contributing to

those costs.

A.2. Affected Environment, Environmental Consequences, and Mitigation Measures

All studies performed shall identify the following:

- All impacts along with classification as positive (beneficial) or negative (adverse),direct (primary) or indirect (secondary), and long-term (greater than five years) or

short-term.

- Project specific and cumulative (additive and interactive) impacts

- Positive and negative values defined on the basis of widely accepted values andindustry standards.

- Direct impacts defined as impacts without intermediate causal links.

Impact significance shall be determined as specified under the requirements of NEPA.

Evaluations of significance shall include an assessment of the intensity and extent of

potential impacts. The measure of intensity is based on the following:- Changes in the unique characteristics of the area,

- Impacts which are likely to be controversial,

- Cumulative impacts,- Changes which may set a precedent for future actions,

- Impacts on resources considered to be important or valuable from the perspective

of scientific opinion and agency concerns, and- Impacts involving uncertain, unique or unknown risks.

A.3. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report Format

1. The cover may be designed by the Firm, subject to FHWA approval, but should

not be too complicated or detailed, and shall also contain the type of document,

the forest highway number, the State or county route numbers, and local routenames. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,

Western Federal Lands Highway Division" shall be placed on the cover.

2. Immediately following the inside cover page shall be the Table of Contents, Listof Figures, List of Tables, and List of Abbreviations, in order.

3. Executive Summary, maximum length of 20 pages, shall be placed after the List

of Abbreviations and shall follow the general outline for the body of the EIS.4. The body of the DEIS shall follow the general outline below (consult TA 6640.8A

for additional information):

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Chapter 1 Purpose and Need for Action

1.1 Proposed Action

1.2 Description of Existing Roadway1.3 Background

1.4 Purpose and Need

1.5 Project Scoping1.6 Project Process and Status

Chapter 2 Alternatives2.1 Design Criteria Common to All Build Alternatives

2.2 Alternatives Under Consideration

2.2.1 Subsection for each alternative including the no-

buildAlternatives Considered but Eliminated

Chapter 3 Affected Environment, Environmental Consequences, and

Mitigation Measures3.1 Separate Section for each Social, Economic, or

Environmental Issue

Chapter 4 Relationship of Local Short-Term Uses vs. Long-Term

Productivity

Chapter 5 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources

Chapter 6 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts

Chapter 7 List of Preparers and Reviewers

Chapter 8 List of Agencies, Organizations, and Persons Receiving Copies of

the EIS.

Chapter 9 Comments and Coordination

Chapter 10 Environmental Commitments Summary

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

APPENDICES

A.4. Environmental Analysis (EA) Report Format

- The cover may be designed by The Firm, subject to FHWA approval, but should

not be too complicated or detailed, and shall also contain the type of document,

the forest highway number, the State or county route numbers, and local route

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names. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,

Western Federal Lands Highway Division" shall be placed on the cover.

- Follow the report format utilized in the example EA document provided asGovernment Furnished data.

B. Biological Resources

B.1. Focus of Studies

The primary focus of the biological technical studies shall be to:

1.1 Determine the presence or absence of Species of Concern (SOC) and Indicator

species, federally listed or proposed Threatened and Endangered species, andSensitive species;

1.2 Define and document applicable vegetation and wildlife within and adjacent to

the proposed project alignments;

1.3 Evaluate the affect of the proposed project alternatives on these resources.

A detailed description of survey methods selected for each task assignment is to be

provided for the project files. Detailed field notes are to be maintained that shall provide

sampling methodology, location, date, taxonomic data, characteristics of the population,and a list of all species identified. All references shall be clearly documented, including

phone logs and personal contact reports. These shall be maintained on a daily basis and

placed in the project files for the administrative record.

Conduct background research to ascertain the occurrence, distribution, abundance, and

life history of federally protected or Forest Service Sensitive species within or adjacent tothe proposed alignments. The data shall be collected from various sources, including

published and unpublished information available from the USFS, USFWS, USACE, and

State DF&G. Regional experts associated with other groups may also be contacted tocollect information, including experts at University/Colleges among other sources.

Specific types of data which shall be sought include population levels, temporal periods

of occurrence, concentration area, habitat utilization patterns, food utilization, and

responses to disturbance. Existing management plans, if available, developed by theUSFS, USFWS, and State DF&G shall also be reviewed. Supplementary data shall also

be collected from other sources as needed, including existing EAs, EISs, other technical

and scientific literature, unpublished information, experts with specific expertise, andconsultant files.

Species, vegetation, and/or communities shall be mapped at an appropriate scale to showthe geographic distribution in the project area. 1 Mapping shall be accomplished using a

1 The project area is dependent upon the species under consideration. For many

plants, only direct construction effects need be considered. In some cases, the resource

agency will determine the area necessary for survey. Survey protocols may also

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shall be mapped, including roads, towns, and other types of housing areas, campgrounds,

and other recreational areas. If available, existing vegetation maps shall be used to assist

vegetation mapping.

Limited ground-truthing surveys shall be completed to verify the results of aerial

photography interpretation and to identify the successional stage of each vegetationcommunity mapped. Ground-truthing shall consist of evaluating selected representative

areas of each vegetation type. Successional status shall be determined based on evidence

of natural and human-caused environmental irregularities.

Threatened, Endangered, and Forest Service Sensitive Plant Species (TES Botanical).

1.1 Define, on the basis of existing data and limited field surveys; the occurrence,distribution, and abundance of any federally protected or Forest Service Sensitive

plant species in relation to the proposed alignments.

1.2 Define possible impacts that the proposed project may have (both positive andnegative) on these species, and any proposed mitigation designed to avoid or

minimize these impacts.

Listed species to be considered will be determined by the appropriate regulatory agency.

Forest Service Sensitive species will be determined by the USFS. For the proposed

alignments and immediate vicinity, temporal and spatial distributions and densities ofTES species shall be defined on the basis of existing information and limited field

surveys.

B.2. Biological Assessment/Biological Evaluation (BA/BE) Report

In general, the BA/BE shall address the temporal and spatial occurrence of listed orproposed Threatened or Endangered species in the project area, any possible adverse

impacts of the proposed project preferred alternative on these species, and recommend

alternative actions or measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate these impacts.

The Biological Report shall include:

1.1 Any mapping or exhibits necessary to supplement the text, and sufficient detail to

present an adequate description of the environment affected by the proposedproject alignments relative to Indicator species and Species of Concern.

1.2 An Introduction with a description of the biological setting; including biomes anddominant plant communities.

- Historic background of the species, and status/success of protection

efforts; including the views of recognized experts in the field.- Distribution of the species within the project area; including USGS maps.

- An analysis of the effects of the proposed project alignments on the

species and habitat, including consideration of cumulative effects and the

results of any related actions.

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- A determination of whether the proposed project is likely to affect the

species and whether that effect is adverse or not; including the views of

recognized experts.- Suggested mitigation for adverse impacts; including the views of

recognized experts.

- Tabulated estimates of the costs of suggested alternative actions ormitigation measures.

- List of preparers, including education and experience qualifications for

this work.- Summary of coordination.

- Bibliography for referenced literature.

C. Historical and Archaeological Survey

C.1. Focus of Studies

The primary focus of the historical and archeological studies shall be to:

1.1 Determine the presence of historical, archaeological, or traditional culturalproperties within or adjacent to the proposed project alignment;

1.2 Map the location of any properties discovered, evaluate specific sites to determine

eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places (NHRP); and

1.3 Determine the need for and extent of further site testing or laboratory analysis.

All work shall be conducted in accordance with the Department of the Interior's

Archeological and Historic Preservation: Secretary of the Interior's Guidelines (FederalRegister48(190):44716ff; September 29, 1983).

Historical and Archeological Studies

- Conduct background research of the project area within a regional archeological

framework to include a literature review of documents for both prehistoric and

historic periods, and archival and record searches for historic periods.

- Perform a 100 percent pedestrian walk-through of the alignment corridors in orderto determine the presence of historical, archaeological, and cultural resources.3

- Record all resources discovered within an Area of Potential Effect on site forms

and isolated artifact forms acceptable to the FHWA and the SHPO and provide anartifact collection strategy and technique which is clearly supported and

documented in the final report.

- Map all resource sites discovered by determining site boundaries and establishinga permanent site datum, taking bearing and distance measurements from the site

datum to prominent natural features or project survey traverse points, computing

3 If no historical or archaeological sites are discovered during the research and pedestrian

survey, work on this work item shall cease and a contract modification will be issued.

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coordinates of the site datum and recording same in field notes and on site record

forms, and plotting site boundaries on full size USGS 7.5 minute quadrangles.

- Perform testing of resource sites discovered as determined and approved by theFHWA. Five sites are to be assumed.4 Testing outside of the survey corridor

shall be limited to two 3 feet by 3 feet pits for each site, and shall be performed

only when it can be clearly justified by the FHWA that tests within the corridorare insufficient to provide recommendations for NHRP status.

- Evaluate, for NHRP eligibility, all resource sites that have been identified as

likely to be affected by the proposed project. Sites shall be recommended aseither eligible or not eligible with respect to specific criteria of eligibility in

accordance with 36 CFR 60.

- Identify the nature of potential impacts to all resource sites that are likely to be

affected by the proposed project, evaluate these impacts with respect to criteria ofEffect and Adverse Effect, and recommend measures to avoid, minimize, or

mitigate impacts identified and the resulting effect determination proposed if the

measure(s) are implemented.

- Coordinate with the FHWA and SHPO during research, field studies, eligibilityand effect determinations and document all correspondence, including phone logs

and personal contacts.

Traditional Cultural Properties.

- Conduct appropriate historic and ethnographic background research in thecorridor area, contact and interview knowledgeable individuals, groups, and

organizations, and conduct field work in consultation with these groups to inspect

and record significant traditional cultural properties.- Identify traditional cultural properties within or adjacent to the proposed corridor.

All work shall be conducted in accordance with National Register Bulletin #38,

Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties.Identified properties shall be evaluated for significance in accordance with 36

CFR 60.4 and step-by-step procedures outlined in NRB #38, pp. 11-16.

Historical and Archeological Report

A final report shall be prepared for submission by the FHWA to the State Historic

Preservation Office (SHPO) in a request for concurrence with eligibility. This report shallcontain all of the information required in performance of the Historical and

Archaeological Studies work task. The report shall contain all photographs, maps,

drawings, and exhibits necessary to augment the text and fully document the findings.

1.1 Executive Summary - The executive summary is to serve as an interim planning

document for the FHWA so that it may consider any necessary future culturalresource investigations at the earliest possible time. This report shall contain a

description of the resource sites discovered, recommendations for the sites

eligibility, the site locations and other pertinent features with respect to the

4 If sites discovered do not require testing, a contract modification will be issued.

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proposed project, and a summary of potential impacts. The report shall also

include recommendations for further testing or laboratory analysis of the sites.

The report must contain sufficient detail so that it can be used by the FHWA toseek concurrence on eligibility to the NRHP.

1.2 Text, photographs, tables, plans; maps, and drawings must be technically and professionally suitable for publication and prepared in a format reflecting

standards of professional archaeological journals.

1.3 No oversize materials shall be accepted in the final report.

1.4 The cover, title page, and the acknowledgements section of the final report must

bear a reference to the contract number and the source of funds and the name ofthe Principal Investigator.

1.5 Forward - Written by principal investigator describing the overall research

context, the significance of the work, and any other background informationrelating to the manner in which the work was accomplished.

1.6 Completed Department of Commerce, NTIS Form OF 272.

1.7 Technical abstract - (see: Landes, Kenneth K., A Scrutiny of the Abstract, II,

Geological Notes 50(90): 1992 - 1999, (1966) for guidance on preparation of atechnical abstract).

1.8 The final report shall be of a quality equal to or surpassing that for an M.A. thesisin anthropology from an accredited university. The report shall be written in a

scholarly tone; to reference, use, and build on the available literature; to make a

contribution to the understanding of the history and prehistory of the area; and tomeet the accepted standards for a professional report.

D. Wetland Delineation

Wetland delineation studies shall require USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle maps, project

mapping, aerial photographs, and visual inspection to identify the extent and type of

wetlands within and adjacent to the project corridor. In performing the wetlanddelineation study, the following shall be performed:

- Identify all wetland areas within or adjacent to the project corridor.- Determine the type and importance of any wetlands identified.

- Locate identified wetlands on project mapping.

- Determine the extent of impacts from the proposed alternatives on wetlands.- Examine alternative measures to avoid or minimize impacts.

- If alternatives are not available to avoid or minimize impacts, develop mitigation

measures for all identified wetland impacts.

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The accuracy of the delineation shall be commensurate with the scale of the mapping on

which the boundaries shall be marked (boundaries can be marked within about 3 m [10

feet]). Survey personnel shall adhere to requirements for delineation of wetlands inaccordance with the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (1987).5

D.2 Wetland Report

Results shall be presented of the wetland delineation study in a Wetland Report. The

report shall include the following:- The total area of the wetlands identified, by type.

- The area of each wetland impacted by each alternative alignment.

- A brief narrative description of the major functions for each wetland identified.

- Location or design alternatives to avoid or minimize wetland impacts.- Discussion of mitigation measures proposed for each alternative which impacts

wetlands.

- A brief discussion of delineation methods and procedures.

E. Hazardous Waste Investigations, Initial Site Assessment (ISA)

E.1. Focus of Studies

The primary focus of the studies shall be to:

- Address requirements in the ASTM Standard;- Identify sites as having a potential for hazardous waste involvement within or

adjacent to the proposed corridor and recommendations for further investigation

of those sites having a potential hazardous waste involvement including, if any,type(s) of testing, and approximate number of samples anticipated to be tested.

E.2 Report

A concise report shall be prepared (from 5 to 20 pages depending on the complexity of

the assessment) with appropriate appendices. The format for the report shall be asrecommended in the ASTM Standard.

In addition to the ASTM Standard's requirements, the report shall describe in the

"Findings and Conclusion" section a description of those sites as having a potential forhazardous waste involvement within or adjacent to the proposed corridor and

recommendations.

F. Mitigation Commitment Summary

The purpose of Mitigation Commitment Summary is to document how environmentalcommitments for a project will be accomplished. The Mitigation Commitment Summary

5 Identification of wetland types will be general in nature. If functional analysis and

specific mitigation plans are required, these work tasks will be considered in future

contracts.

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will list all mitigation commitments included in NEPA documents and permits. In

addition, the summary will also document how each mitigation commitment will be

accomplished for the project. Lists the specific locations (sheet, page, SCR Subsection,and paragraph) in the plans and SCRs where each of the requirements and stipulations

are satisfied. The Mitigation Commitment Summary will be completed before PS&E

sign-off. However, the mitigation commitments should be addressed in the plans andspecifications as early as possible.

Provide Mitigation Commitment Summary on 8 x 11 inch sheets. Format to besupplied by WFLHD. See SOW Section VI GOVERNMENT FURNISHED

MATERIALS AND SERVICES.

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Supplement to

CHAPTER 5 - SURVEYING AND MAPPING

A. GPS controlled aerial photography for mapping.

Establish the horizontal and vertical control needed to control the aerialphotography for the project. Project control shall be tied to state plane coordinate

system and adjusted to project datum.

Control points shall be numbered sequentially beginning with point number HV1,

then HV2, HV3, etc.

Control points shall be a number 4 rebar, minimum length 18 inches, with ayellow plastic cap stamped FHWA.

Control points shall be marked with a lath, length 4 feet, with the point

identification written on both sides of the lath set near the point. Red orfluorescent pink flagging shall be attached to the lath.

Each control point shall be referenced with double swing ties using aluminum

tags provided by WFLHD. Distances and bearings to references shall be recorded

on the tags and in a sketch drawn for each point.

Provide controlled color vertical aerial photography for mapping of the project

corridor with the approximate number of flight lines and exposures required in

Section 3 SOW Tasks. Furnish vertical aerial photography at a scale of 1:5000for mapping purposes using Kodak 2445 color film and a camera with a six inch

focal length lens equipped with eight fiducial marks. All photography shall

require three sets of color contact prints on a semi-gloss, double-weight paper,color film diapositives. Deliver the negatives to the COTR. A BUREAU OF

STANDARDS CAMERA CALIBRATION is required. Endlap is to be 60%, side

lap is to be 25%, and tip or tilt shall not exceed six degrees. Flight lines are to beflown from south to north or west to east, whichever is prevalent. Exposures are

to be numbered in the direction of the flight line. The Project number symbol [i.e.

OR PFH 244] shall also appear on each exposure. First and last photographs in

each flight line shall contain the photography scale and date.

All photography, film processing, print making and diapositives shall be in

accordance with the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONREFERENCE GUIDE OUTLINE & SPECIFICATIONS FOR AERIAL

SURVEYS AND MAPPING BY PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS FOR

HIGHWAYS.

Aerial photography shall be fully controlled for mapping with pug points and X,

Y, & Z coordinates.

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Remove aerial target materials when survey data and photography is verified as

acceptable.

B. Set project control.

Set project control points within the project limits so that points are spaced not toexceed 800 feet. Control points shall be placed such that the point is not within

the traveled way. Differential levels shall be run over all project control.

Control points shall be a No. 4 rebar, with yellow plastic cap supplied by

WFLHD, minimum rebar length 18 inches. Rebar shall be driven to + 4 inches

below ground surface. Control points shall be marked with a 4 feet lath with the

point identification written on both sides of the lath set near the point. Red orfluorescent pink flagging shall be attached to the lath.

Each control point shall be referenced with double swing ties using aluminum

tags provided by WFLHD. Place tag on side of feature away from road. Takemeasurement from side of feature facing control point. Distances and bearings to

references shall be recorded on the tags and in a sketch drawn for each point.

Provide the raw and adjusted closures of the control point traverses for the control

points set. Provide for each point a reference sketch of its location. Provide a

bound printout of the control points showing point number, coordinates (at projectdatum), and elevation. Provide the datum adjustment factor calculated and used

for the project.

C. Preliminary alignment (station staking).

Existing roadway.

Station staking shall be set along one edge of the roadway. A PK nail with

red stake chaser shall be set at even 150 feet intervals near the edge ofpavement. Stationing may be set using a measuring wheel.

Offset stakes shall be set for all station staking points. Offset stakes shall

show the station with the offset distance circled facing the staked point. Thelocation preference for offset stakes is on a cut slope above the ditch rather

than on a fill slope where the option exists. Offset stakes shall not be set on

the roadway shoulder where they may be destroyed by roadway maintenanceequipment or errant traffic.

Unroaded terrain.

Station staking shall be set along tangent between control points. Points shall

be marked using PK nail, boat nail, spike, or 10 inch wooden hub as

appropriate, each with a red "stake chaser. Points shall be set at even 150

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E. Project Mapping.

See Survey section of Appendix C for project mapping requirements.

F. Progress Reports.

Weekly progress reports for weeks in which field work was in progress shall be

completed and shall be received by the end of the week following the reporting

period. Field crew daily reports may be submitted in lieu of weekly reports.Progress report content to be similar to examples contained in Chapter 5, Federal

Lands Highway Project Development Design Manual.

G. General requirements.

Brushing shall be kept to the minimum required to perform the needed surveys

and impacts shall not be visible from the roadway. No trees shall be felled. Cut

brush shall be properly disposed of.

Adequate traffic safety shall be provided. Traffic control devices shall complywith the requirements of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

(MUTCD), dated 1988.

Use object descriptor codes from the SIDE SHOT FEATURE CODE listing(provided by WFLHD) as appropriate.

H. Survey precision.

Control points shall be set to Second Order, Class II Survey Standards (Project

Development and Design Manual, Chapter 5).

All centerline points and right-of-way points shall be set to a horizontal accuracy

of 2 inches and a vertical accuracy of 3 inches.

Offset stakes may be set at a distance determined by cloth tape measure and

positioned normal to the alignment by commonly accepted field practice.

Terrain topography shall be accurate to 4 inches vertical within 65 feet of the

existing roadway centerline and within % of the horizontal distance from the

existing roadway centerline when beyond 65 feet.

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Supplement to

CHAPTER 6 - GEOTECHNICAL

General

The geotechnical investigation shall be comprised of the following major elements:

A. Field Investigation and Laboratory Testing of Samples

B. Subsurface Exploration Program

C. Engineering Analysis of Field and Laboratory Data

D. Geotechnical Report

A. Field Investigation and Laboratory Testing of Samples

1. General

Employ geologist(s) or geotechnical engineer(s) having experience in thegeotechnical investigation of highway projects. To complete the field investigation,

perform the following tasks:a. Visual assessment and geological mapping of the project corridor to determine

the spatial distribution and characteristics of the soil and bedrock units that

exist within the project corridor.

b. Determination of the existence of such features as landslides, fill failures orslumps, springs or seeps, rockfall problems, and areas of wet or soft soils that

could impact the project design and that should be mitigated during project

construction.c. Gather information for the design of pavement structure, cut slopes,

embankments, retaining walls, stability hazard analysis, structure foundations,

and development of material sources.

2. Cut slopes

a. Evaluate the type and density of excavation materials within proposed cuts.

b. Obtain representative samples of materials from a sufficient number of cuts to

characterize the materials and their engineering properties. Describe the extent

of each geologic or soil unit on a station-to-station basis.c. Provide an estimate of the anticipated shrink or swell of the cut materials for

calculation of excavation and embankment quantities.

d. Identify materials that are likely to be unstable or unusable in construction,such as moist or wet silts or clays.

e. Identify, if present, non-frost-susceptible materials (select topping) that can be

used to construct the top 8 to 12 inches of the roadbed.f. Evaluate the depth to rock and quality of rock within proposed cuts. Identify

the rock type and define the attitude and spacing of bedding, foliation,

fracture, or jointing that will control cut slope stability.

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g. Evaluate the stability of proposed cuts in both overburden and rock. Where

potential for the proposed cut slope to fail exists, provide recommendations to

mitigate the anticipated failure.h. Determine the potential for groundwater to be encountered in the cut

excavation or in the subgrade and provide underdrain or horizontal drain

recommendations as appropriate.i. Provide site-specific, station-to-station, cut slope recommendations in table

form. Show station intervals, material type, suitability of materials for

embankments, recommended cut slope inclination, recommended method ofexcavation (excavator, ripping, or controlled blasting), and any pertinent

comments.

j. Anticipated exploration methods:

Proposed Cut Height Method of Evaluation0 6 ft. Visual and/or Test Pits

6 16 ft. Test Pits and/or Borings

> 16 ft. Borings

Space the explorations approximately 200 feet apart for variable conditions,and up to 500 feet apart for more uniform conditions. To the extent possible,

explorations should be made within the prism of the proposed cut. Extend

explorations to the bottom of the proposed ditch, or to the base of soft

materials which extend below the ditch level.k. Sampling. Obtain representative samples of each type of material for soil

classification and for embankment suitability evaluation. 0btain rock core

samples from core drill holes in rock cuts. Obtain the samples from cuts thatare most likely to be excavated during construction (i.e., sections in which the

roadway widening will probably be accomplished on the cut side).

l. Testing. Perform classification tests on representative soil samples:Sieve Analysis AASHTO T 11 and T 27

Hydrometer Analysis to 0.02 mm AASHTO T 88

Specific Gravity AASHTO T 100Atterberg Limits AASHTO T 89 and T 90

Field Moisture Content AASHTO T 265

Perform rock strength testing as required for cut slope design.

3. Embankments

a. Identify and explore areas of potentially soft soils at proposed embankment

locations.

b. Evaluate subsurface conditions and suitability for embankment support.c. Provide recommendations for embankment foundation preparation,

embankment design, and embankment construction.

d. Identify possible embankment construction problems, such as pumping

soils, the need for maintenance rock, and the need for subgrade reinforcement.

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e. Explorations. Explorations are not required where the surface reconnaissance

indicates firm foundation conditions exist. Where foundation conditions are

unknown, locate explorations near the deepest portions of proposedembankments. Extend explorations to competent material or to a depth of

twice the proposed embankment height in soft material.

f. Sampling. Obtain representative samples of each type of material for soilclassification and for embankment support evaluation, including settlement

analysis, if appropriate.

g. Testing. Perform classification tests on representative soil samples:Sieve Analysis AASHTO T 11 and T 27

Hydrometer Analysis to 0.0008 in. AASHTO T 88

Specific Gravity AASHTO T 100

Atterberg Limits AASHTO T 89 and T 90Field Moisture Content AASHTO T 265

Perform shear strength or consolidation tests as required for embankment

foundation analysis.

4. Retaining Walls

a. Evaluate subsurface conditions and suitability for foundations.

b. Provide recommendations for wall foundation preparation, wall design, and

wall construction.c. Space explorations approximately 65 feet apart for variable conditions and up

to 150 feet apart for more uniform conditions. To the extent possible,

explorations should be made along the face of the proposed wall. Extendexplorations to competent material or to a depth equal to twice the base width

below the wall foundation.

d. Evaluate subsurface drainage conditions and provide drainagerecommendations and provisions for wall designs.

e. Sampling. Obtain representative samples of each type of material for soil

classification and for wall foundation analysis, including settlement analysis,if appropriate.

f. Testing. Perform classification tests on representative soil samples:

Sieve Analysis AASHTO T 11 and T 27

Hydrometer Analysis to 0.0008 in. AASHTO T 88Specific Gravity AASHTO T 100

Atterberg Limits AASHTO T 89 and T 90


Perform shear strength or consolidation tests as required for embankment

foundation analysis.

5. Pavement DesignReconstruction

a. Provide recommendations for constructing a stable subgrade.

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b. Determine the potential for frost heaving or thaw weakening of the pavement

to occur, if any.

c. Identify areas by station limits within the existing subgrade where weak orwet soils will require subexcavation.

d. Identify areas of wet subgrade where underdrains may be required.

Recommend station limits for proposed underdrains.e. Explorations. Supplement boring and backhoe test pits described under cuts

and embankments, as necessary, to obtain subgrade samples.

f. Sampling. Using either hand tools or mechanical equipment, obtainsamples of cut slope materials from a minimum of six representative road cuts

or natural backslopes. Using pavement sampling drilling tools, hand tools, or

mechanical equipment, obtain samples and layer thicknesses of the existing

roadway surfacing, base, and subgrade materials at a minimum interval of 0.6miles. Obtain a sealed moisture sample from each R-value sample location

for determining in situ moisture contents.

g. Testing. Perform R-Value and classification tests on representative soil

samples:Sieve Analysis AASHTO T 11 and T 27

Hydrometer Analysis to 0.0008 in. AASHTO T 88Specific Gravity AASHTO T 100



R-Value AASHTO T 190

6. Pavement Design3R

a. Identify areas by station limits within the existing subgrade where weak or

wet soils will require subexcavation.

b. Identify areas of wet subgrade where underdrains may be required.Recommend station limits for proposed underdrains.

c. Obtain overlay design information by nondestructive deflection methods in

accordance with ASTM D 4694. Determine actual pavement layer thicknessmeasurements, at 1 mile intervals, by coring through the pavement with

pavement coring tools. (Fill and patch all pavement core holes with cold mix

asphalt patching material).

7. Materials Sources.

Investigate potential materials sources as required in the Statement of Work.

a. Describe the geology of the site(s), including the extent and composition of

overburden materials. b. Provide recommendations for the development of the source(s). Highlight

characteristics, such as degrading particles, poor-quality natural fines, or fines

that adhere to coarse particles, which may have a negative effect on the

production of aggregates from the source.

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c. Evaluate the quality of the material and determine if any special treatments or

additives will be required.

d. Explorations. Perform sufficient explorations to characterize the quality andquantity of the source. Core drill borings will be the most likely technique

utilized in quarries, and backhoe pits in gravel deposits.

e. Sampling. Obtain representative bag samples, as appropriate, to supplementdrill core samples.

f. Testing: Crush the core and bag samples to a maximum size appropriate for

the material and perform the following aggregate quality tests:Sieve Analysis on lab crushed materials AASHTO T 11 and T 27


Sand Equivalent AASHTO T 176

Durability Index AASHTO T 210Los Angeles Abrasion AASHTO T 96

Sodium Sulfate Soundness AASHTO T 104

Accelerated Weathering by DMSO WFLHD-DMSO

For gravel deposits, perform Sieve Analysis, Atterberg Limits, and Sand

Equivalent tests on both the natural soil fines and the lab-crushed fines.

B. Subsurface Exploration Program

1. Drill inspector

Provide a qualified and experienced drill inspector for logging all borings and test

pits. The drill inspector is responsible for the following tasks:

a. Locating underground utilities prior to drilling or digging backhoe pits. Call

and coordinate with the appropriate underground utility services to locate theutilities at each boring, test pit, and subgrade sample location. Field verify

utility locations with the utility locator. Identify any impacts utility locations

will have on exploration locations and relocate explorations impacted by theunderground utilities.

b. Coordinating with landowners regarding access for explorations on private

land.

c. Coordinating test pit explorations with the backhoe operator and flaggingsubcontractor.

d. Recording subsurface conditions and obtaining samples at each boring and

test pit exploration.e. Providing an approximate location of the boring or test pit in reference to the

preliminary alignment so that the survey crew can locate the exploration point.

f. Placing a lath, length 4 feet, with pink and blue flagging at each completedboring and test pit. Mark lath with boring or test pit number.

g. Upon completion of the Geotechnical Report, deliver the drill core to

WFLHD Geotechnical Section.

h. Additional duties described in the following sections.

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2. Boring and Test Pit Logs.

Provide final boring and test pit logs in a graphical format acceptable to the

COTR.

Provide the following information, as appropriate:

a. Exploration number, elevations, and approximate station and offset (orcoordinates) referenced to the preliminary alignment.

b. A field description of the materials encountered in accordance with the

Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D 2487), including estimated size

range of boulders, if encountered.c. An estimate of the relative density of granular materials (very loose to very

dense) and the consistency of fine-grained soils (very soft to hard).

d. Notes regarding the reaction of the drill or excavator and other information

and observations provided by the operator.e. Depth to groundwater if encountered. Note depth and extent of seepage.

f. Depths of any changes in material.g. Sample depths, SPT blow counts, core run number, depth interval, percent

recovery, and RQD (ASTM D 6032).

h. Incorporate test pit logs into a sketch of the test pit drawn on the nearest cross

section. In each sketch show the location of the test pit with respect to theexisting road, limits of the test pit excavation, sample locations, contacts

denoting changes in material, groundwater or seepage level, and other

pertinent features in the cross section, such as rock outcrops and fill material.

3. Drilling

Provide drilling crew or subcontractor experienced in geotechnical drilling

techniques. The Firm or the subconsultant driller shall be responsible for:

a. Providing flaggers if required during drilling.

b. Obtaining and hauling drill water.

c. Providing core boxes and sample bags for samples obtained from borings and

subgrade sampling.

4. Overburden Materials

a. Advance borings in overburden material with hollow-stem augers to auger

refusal or to the bottom depth of the boring.

b. Each boring shall include Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) at 5 foot intervals(2.5 foot intervals in soft or wet materials that may be detrimental to slope

stability or construction).

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c. The drill inspector shall record a log of the drilling and place SPT samples in

air-tight plastic bags and label each bag, using water-proof ink, with the

project name, boring number, sample number, and depth interval.

5. Bedrock or Dense Materials:

a. Use wireline core-drilling equipment to advance borings in material

that cannot be augered.

b. The drill inspector shall:i. Record a log of the core drilling.

ii. Place recovered core samples in core boxes labeled with the

project name, boring number, depth interval, and box number.

iii. Separate core runs with blocks identifying the run number anddepth.

iv. Take color photographs of the core in boxes.

v. Secure core boxes with fiberglass-reinforced tape.

6. Test Pits

The Firm is responsible for providing the backhoe and operator for excavating the

test pits and providing plastic or canvas sample bags of adequate size to collect

representative samples. The Firm is also responsible for providing flaggers, if

necessary, to safely control traffic during test pit excavation and backfillingoperations. The drill inspector shall:

a. Record logs of the test pits.

b. Direct excavation of test pits to the depth established in Task B orto refusal in rock, if more shallow.

c. Take photographs of the test pits showing the excavation face and

spoils pile.d. Obtain sufficient samples of representative material encountered in

the test pit excavations for classification and correlation purposes.

e. Label all sample bags with the test pit number and representativedepth interval.

f. Direct the backfilling of test pits. Reslope ground to natural

contours and cover disturbed areas with conserved topsoil.

7. Subgrade Sampling

a. The Firm or drilling subcontractor is responsible for obtaining subgradesamples in a manner that avoids contaminating materials in different

layers. The typical process is:

i. Begin sampling by carefully augering through the pavement, if present,

without disturbing the underlying base material.

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ii. Hand excavate the fragmented pavement to the top of the base. Carefully

loosen the base materials with the auger while avoiding mixing the base

with the underlying materials.iii. Hand excavate and place all base material in a sample bag(s).

iv. Hand clean the bottom of the hole to avoid mixing the base with the

underlying material. Carefully loosen the underlying material with theauger while avoiding mixing individual, distinct layers.

v. Sample each distinct strata encountered using the same process to a

depth of 5 feet or to auger refusal, if shallower. Obtain 66 lb. samples ofsandy, silty, or clayey materials, and 130 lb. samples in gravelly

materials. Limit samples to 66 lb. per bag.

b. The drill inspector shall:

i.Record a log of each subgrade boring.

ii. Place a representative sample of soil from each sample in a plastic bag

for moisture content determination. Place this sample inside the bulksample bag.

iii. Label the moisture content sample and the subgrade sample bags withproject name, hole number, sample number, and depth.

C. Engineering Analysis of Field and Laboratory Data

Field and laboratory test data shall be analyzed and utilized in the determination of

such aspects of the project as slope stability; usability of excavation materials for

common borrow, select borrow, or drainage materials; structure or embankmentsettlements; culvert, bridge, and retaining wall foundation designs; material source

development plans; pavement and overlay designs; and other aspects of the project

design requiring engineering analysis.

Utilize the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

AASHTO publication, Guide For Design of Pavement Structures 1993 edition, fornew pavement and pavement overlay design on this project.

D. Geotechnical Report

Prepare a report that presents the results of the investigations, analyses, conclusions,

and recommendations. The geotechnical report shall provide the basis for the

highway design. It shall be utilized by the highway design engineer, made availableto prospective bidders, and provided to the construction engineer, and should be

prepared with those users in mind.

See Appendix C for the items required in the Geotechnical report. Additional items

are listed in the SOW.

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Supplement to

CHAPTER 7 - HYDROLOGY/HYDRAULICS

Hydraulic Reconnaissance

Provide a Hydraulic Reconnaissance Report that identifies the hydraulic issues on theproject. Include a summary of the information developed below:

1. Delineate the drainage basin for the specified stream crossings and river locations.Determine the peak discharges for the 2, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500-year events.

To determine peak discharges use the most recent and applicable USGS multiple

regression equations. Check for USGS gaging station(s) within the area to verify

regression input and output variables. This work includes verifying the basincharacteristics for the gaging station(s) against those estimated from USGS maps.

If stations exist, obtain or perform a Log Pearson type III flood frequency

analysis. Compare the Log Pearson results against those estimated using the

regression analysis.

2. Provide a log-log plot of drainage area versus discharge for the 2, 25, and 50-yearpeak discharges. Show on the plot the drainage area that a selected culvert size

could handle for the 25-year flood with a headwater to diameter ratio of one. For

the particular culvert size, assume inlet control for a circular metal pipe. The

selected culvert sizes should range in 12 inch increments from 24 to 120 inches indiameter.

3. Conduct one or more field review of the project as needed. At prescribed flood plain, stream and river crossings, and lake locations, take photographs and

provide written comments. Discuss local stream stability (i.e., aggrading,

degrading, lateral shifts), bed material size (D50), debris abundance, and localscour and deposition characteristics. Provide observations on the possible

structural type for each stream crossing (culvert versus bridge) and on possible

river or lake characteristics relative to the road (i.e., lateral erosion ofembankments, road elevations versus water elevations). Support all observations

with written justification (i.e., may need bridge to pass up-stream debris flows).

4. Contact the appropriate State Department of Fish and Game to determine all fishissues on the project. Provide a rough check of the capacity, fish passage

capability, and condition of existing structures. A detailed hydraulic analysis is

not needed unless it is determined that existing structure needs to be replaced.

Hydraulic Structure Design

Culvert Structures. Design culverts structures according to the FLH PDDM. Minor

hydraulic structures are culverts with a diameter equal to or less than 48 inches.

Design structures to pass the 50-year storm with HW/D less than 1.5. Check that

culverts will pass the 100-year storm without water overtopping the road. Skew

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culverts to match natural drainage channels. Design culverts requiring fish passage

consistent with applicable regulatory agency guidelines.

Roadway Drainage. Design roadside ditches with minimum depth of 12 inches below

top of subgrade. Provide ditch line and toe of fill profiles. Design and specify

appropriate ditch-lining material to minimize erosion assuming a 25-year storm.Maintain minimum ditch grade of 0.5 percent. Ensure drainage structures can be

incorporated within minimum ditch depths. If 24-inch culverts are spaced 500 feet on

sustained ditch grades, hydrologic and hydraulic analysis is not required. Culvertsunder approach roads may be 18 inch. Hydraulic and hydrologic analysis is to be

submitted for alternate pipe diameters and spacing. Design cross drain ditch relief

culverts on a 2-6% culvert gradient. Do not specify a drop inlet or mechanical catch

basin unless there is a specific design rationale. WFLHD preference is to not installculverts under high fills or on steep grades. To limit cover depth and flatten culvert

invert profile, use down drains with energy dissipaters. Evaluate the need for culvert

anchors according to the FLH PDDM. Bevel inlets and outlets to match proposed

slopes. Do not specify bevels flatter than 1:3.

Floodplain Hydraulics. Collect topographic data and stream cross-sections at eachfloodplain encroachment site. Develop water surface profiles using the peak discharge

estimates (2,10, 25, 50, 100 and 500 year) and the USCOE computer program HEC-

RAS, or a comparable one dimensional, fixed boundary computer model. Calibrate the

HEC-RAS model by comparing computed water surface profiles to survey and siteinvestigation information (i.e., top of bank and high water mark elevations, stream bed

particle sizes). Using the computed water surface profiles, document the occurrence

and general location of overtopping floods (i.e., the 50-year flood overtops the roadapproaches or structures). Prepare a hydraulic report for the floodplain analysis. State

in the report whether or not the road profile requires raising, and if so by how much.

Summarize recommended erosion protection and mitigation measures for the specifiedfloodplain locations. Also summarize other environmental or engineering problems

and solutions identified at the specified floodplain locations. Include comments on

lateral channel stability, aggradation and degradation trends, Mannings n values,bed material sizes (D50, D90), evidence of local scour, hydraulic controls, high water

marks, debris problems, and existing erosion protection features (i.e. riprap).

Bridges. Collect topographic data at bridge location. Cross-sections should beobtained at the upstream bridge face and downstream bridge face. In addition, one

section should be obtained upstream and two sections downstream of the structure.

The upstream section shall be located approximately one bridge length or hydraulicopening upstream of the bridge. The two downstream sections shall be located

approximately at one and three bridge lengths or hydraulic openings downstream of

the bridge. The survey shall consist of enough data points (horizontal and vertical) todefine main and overflow channels, approach roads, floodplain slopes and widths, and

any other features that may significantly affect the bridge hydraulics. The survey shall

tie into locally established horizontal and vertical control at each bridge sites.

Elevations on structures shall have an accuracy of 0.02 ft. Ground elevations shall

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have an accuracy of (0.01ft).0.01ft. Horizontal distances from previously established

controls shall have an accuracy of 0.5 percent of the horizontal distance.

Develop water surface profiles using the flood peak estimates (2,10, 25, 50, 100 and

500 year) and the USCOE computer program HEC-RAS, or a comparable one

dimensional, fixed boundary computer model. Calibrate the HEC-RAS model bycomparing computed water surface profiles to survey and site investigation

information (i.e., top of bank and high water mark elevations, stream bed particle

sizes). Using the computed water surface profiles, document the occurrence andgeneral location of any overtopping floods (i.e., the 50-year flood overtops the road

approaches but not the bridge itself).

Estimate the bridge scour depths using FHWA HEC-18 and HEC-20. Compute pierand contraction scour and determine bank stability for the abutments using the 50 and

500-year flood events. At existing bridges, check the computer scour depth against

foundation depths determined from record drawings. If the scour depths exceed

foundation depths, recommend appropriate scour protection (i.e., riprap). At proposedbridges, determine maximum scour depth. Apply FHWA or other acceptable methods

to evaluate and design riprap scour protection. Assume that the riprap extends at least1 foot above the 50-year flood elevation, has a slope no steeper than 1.75 (horizontal)

to 1 (vertical), and has an embedded toe. Documentation on bridge scour shall include

comments on lateral channel stability, aggradation and degradation trends, Mannings

n values, bed material sizes (D50, D90), evidence of local scour, hydraulic controls,high water marks, debris problems, existing scour protection features (i.e. riprap), and

stream and bridge compatibility (i.e., piers well-aligned with the stream flow).

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Supplement to

Chapter 9 - Highway Design

A. Drafting

Utilize WFLHD Standard Format for Plans found athttp://www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/design/manual. These standards specify text size and

element color, weight, level and line code. Adjust plotting software, pen tables, and

resource files to make plan sheets look like WFLHD example plans.

B. Software

Complete and submit all work in Microstation V8, Geopak, Word, Microsoft Project,and Excel in formats acceptable to WFLHD.

C. Electronic Files

Provide electronic copy of all plan and cross section sheets in Microstation V8

format, SCRs in Microsoft Word format, and the CPM schedule in Microsoft Projectformat. Provide an index of all electronic files and a brief description of their

content. Utilize Geopak files tracking sheet.

Provide a CD ROM at Final PS&E phase of the project containing all electronic filesin the following format. Provide a listing of all files and their contents. Also provide

electronic version of individual files such as permits at the time specified in the

project submittals table.

1. All Geopak input, ASCII report, and all other design files including .gpk and

.tin files.

2. Microstation plan sheet files utilizing WFLHDs V8 level library.

3. Microsoft Word special contract requirements.

4. Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

5. Microsoft Project files.

6. Microstation and Microsoft Word Permit application files.

7. WFLHD Engineers Estimate program files.

D. General Design Guidelines

1. Plans. Refer to WFLHD Standard Format for Plans found at

http://www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/design/manual , and any example WFLHD plans

provided as Government furnished data for guidance in developing final plan

sheets for a complete contract package.

2. Design cross-sections. Evaluate the alignment for curve widening requirements

using the Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, AASHTO

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2001. Widen the roadway to include curve widening, guardrail shy distance,

guardrail terminal sections, mailboxes, and turnouts/parking areas.

Adjust cut and fill slopes to meet Geotechnical recommendations and meet

WFLHD recommended slope ratios based on cut and fill heights per the FLH

PDDM.

Provide cross sections at all changes to the roadway and other critical areas (e.g.

shoulder widening for guardrail terminal sections, curve widening, culvert inletand outlets, culvert catch basins and inlet ditches, under drains, etc.) Show

guardrail, culverts, etc. on cross sections.

3. Alignment and Safety. Perform all work in accordance with the PDDM. If themanual does not cover a specific situation, use the current version of either the

Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, AASHTO 2001 or the

respective State agencies design manual. Obtain concurrence and provide

mitigation measures if design exceptions are required. Document designstandards, design exceptions, and mitigation on WFLHD Highway Design

Standards form (WFLHD-3).

Whenever possible, set the grade on bridges to allow a minimum one to three

meters freeboard (clearance between soffit elevation of the bridge superstructure

and water surface elevation) at Q50. In addition, maintain a minimum threemeters clearance between the soffit and the stream bed. See Section III

Statement of Work Tasks for specific requirements.

To assure deck drainage, new bridge construction should include a minimum

0.5% grade on structures less than 150 feet long, and a minimum 1% grade on

bridges over 150 feet long. Whenever possible, adjust the vertical alignment forthe road to assure that there is this minimum grade. Adjust horizontal alignment

to assure that all spirals and template transitions (superelevation to crown, crown

to superelevation) are fully off the ends of bridges.

4. Right-of-way. Regulations, policy and guidance for Right-Of-Way and Utility

tasks may be found at the following web sites:

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/realestate/index.htmhttp://www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/design/row

Place existing right-of-way information on the plan and profile sheets. Reviewexisting right-of-way agreements and ensure that all commitments are included

in the plans.

Develop CADD files, utilizing Geopak and Microstation, which show the

Existing Land Lines and Property lines of all Landowners along the project

corridor.

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Prepare Right-of-Way Plans and Property Descriptions for private property

acquisition.

Prepare Right-of-Way Plats and Legal Exhibits necessary for Federal Land

Transfers and private property acquisition.

With FHWA guidance, determine initial estimate to do Governments portion of

relocation work. Upon completion of right-of way plans or construction plans,

as appropriate, send design package to utility companies including plans, cross-sections, drainage summary, excavations, structures and guardrail locations,

miscellaneous excavations, etc. that may conflict with the location of existing

facilities.

Prepare draft notices to utility companies of scheduled dates for award of

contracts.

Request and review utility companys relocation plan to insure that theirrelocation will facilitate construction of the project.

Obtain from utility company when the relocation can commence and how long it

will take to complete the relocation.

Upon determination by FHWA, that all or part of the relocation work will bepaid by the Government, request and review companys cost estimate at the

direction of FHWA.

5. Approach Roads. Locate or verify approach roads and intersections to be

impacted by project improvements. Design new intersections and approaches.

Evaluate approach road intersections for adequate sight distance and safety.Utilize WFLHD standard details which are based on the respective State

Department of Transportations standards. Show location and approach road

type on the plan and profile sheets. Include quantities in summary table.Provide design criteria and calculations to support design.

6. Guardrail. Design for guardrail locations using the FLH PDDM and the

respective State Department of Transportations Design Manual. Use theAASHTO Roadside Design Guide for determining clear zone, recovery area and

extent of guard rail need. Utilize approved WFLHD standard guardrail

drawings. Document criteria used at each guardrail installation. Utilize theAASHTO Roadside design guide cost effectiveness analysis where needed.

Coordinate the selection of the terminal end section through the COTR.

7. Roadway obliteration. Show the location and extent of work involved in

roadway obliteration on the plan view of the Plan and Profile sheets. Provide

sufficient details to show the location and extent of work involved in roadway

obliteration. Obliterate by removing all culverts and eliminating all ditches. It

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is preferred that the road shoulder be removed and excess excavation be utilized

to fill in the roadway (20% out slope) where possible. Do not waste in areas

of flat terrain that result in a strip mound. Provide typical sections to detailremoval of culverts, placing excess excavation or recontouring existing ground,

removing roadway fill and construction of barriers. Show areas to be top soiled

and revegetated. Show necessary drainage features, if applicable.

8. Mail Boxes. Locate/verify mailboxes that will be impacted by the road

improvement. Prepare plans to relocate mailboxes. Include widening formailbox turnouts. Utilize WFLHD standard details which are based on the

respective State Department of Transportations standards.

9. Temporary Traffic Control. Design a temporary traffic control plan. Designdetours where necessary. Design type and location of signing and striping in

conformance with Manual of Uniform Traffic and Control Devices (MUTCD).

10. Permanent Traffic Control. Design a permanent traffic control plan. Typeand location of signing and striping should be in conformance with MUTCD.

Coordinate with owner agency on the placement of regulatory signs. Noteremoval and replacement of existing signs. Compute passing and no-passing

areas.

11. Revegetation. Take soil samples from five locations throughout the project.Provide initial revegetation recommendations based on soil samples taken from

the project site and knowledge of native vegetation in the area. Coordinate these

recommendations with the affected agencies and WFLHD, and then develop arevegetation plan for the project.

12. Erosion Control and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Provide anerosion control plan in a separate section of the plans using only the plan view

of the project showing the horizontal alignment (two plan views will fit on one

sheet). Place the alignment with a lower stationing above the alignment withhigher stationing. Show contours and erosion control symbols along the

alignment. Incorporate the respective States Department of Transportation Best

Management Practices for temporary erosion control. Do not use straw bales.

Provide energy dissipators at culvert outlets with steep grades or near riparianareas. In erodible soils, riprap ditches with gradients over 4%. Extend riprap

lining in cut to fill transitions that may contribute sediment to live water.

Include all permanent and temporary erosion control measures in the plansection.

Using the plan developed above, provide a Storm Water Pollution PreventionPlan in compliance with the respective States Department of Transportation

guidelines suitable for application for the Pollution Discharge Elimination

Permit by WFLHD.

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13. Quantity Tables. Provide tables of quantities for each section of the plans. The

location and quantity of all work for every pay item must be shown in a table. If

pay items are needed that are not included in the list of approved pay items, arequest may be made to include a new item in the WFLHD data base. With the

request, include the Item Description and Unit of Measurement. For lump sum

pay items, provide a table with estimated quantities associated with the lumpsum item. Refer to sample PS&E for guidance of needed tables. Tables are to

be located at the start of sections, i.e. plan and profile, guardrail, traffic control

etc., on separate sheets if they cannot be conveniently fit on the first detail sheetof the section.

14. Summary of Quantities. Summarize all the individual tables into a Summary

of Quantities Table plan sheet(s) using the Engineers Estimate programsupplied by WFLHD. Information included in the Summary of Quantities is a)

Pay Item Number, b) total item quantity, c) plan section where item is shown

(may include multiple sections), d) bid schedule quantity, and e) designate if the

pay item is a contract quantity.

15. Quantities. Provide documentation for all plan quantities. Provide sketchesand dimensions to illustrate quantity calculations. Provide printout of GEOPAK

generated quantities. Develop the bid quantities from the plan quantities in

conformance with the FLH PDDM. Show calculations adjusting from plan

quantity to bid quantity.

16. Specifications. Provide special contract requirements (SCRs) which describe in

detail the project work required when read in conjunction with the FP-03.Provide special contract requirements on both a hard copy and in an approved

electronic format. WFLHD will prepare the complete contract specification

document.

Use active voice when writing all SCRs. Supplement and edit WFLHDs

standard Library of Specifications (LOS) to develop the SCRs needed. Followthe LOSs format and method of adding, deleting, and supplementing the FP-03.

Use the lastest version of the specification from the LOS at

http://www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/design for each review submittal.

17. Engineers Estimate. Enter bid items, quantities, and unit price information for

the project into WFLHDs Engineers Estimate program. Provide the

Engineers Estimate printout and electronic files to WFLHD. The estimateprogram database is periodically updated with new pay items or bid tabulation

data. Request the following updated file from the COTR for Plan-In-Hand and

Final Design phase submittals or as needed: Item_Tbl.dbf. New pay items mayonly be added by WFLHD. Make requests for proposed new pay items to the

COTR.

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18. Unit Price Documentation and Analysis. Document basis for unit prices.

Utilize either bid-based or cost-based estimating. Utilize WFLHDs Unit Bid

Price Analysis form. Follow procedures and support unit prices as outlined inthe FLH PDDM.

19. Contract Time. Utilize Microsoft Project software to prepare a Critical PathMethod (CPM) Schedule for construction. Show all limitations of operations,

production estimates, and quantities. Calculate critical path of construction

activities to determine construction time. Provide critical path printout usingGantt chart type graphics.

Prepare a written narrative that adequately defines the type of work, quantity

and location of each activity. Indicate the resources (equipment and workforce)and production rates for all activities.

As a minimum, show the following as individual activities: mobilization,

staking, clearing, excavation, drainage with permit restrictions, structures,aggregate base, asphalt concrete surfacing, guardrail, signing/stripping,

revegetation, and demobilization. In the CPM schedule, depict the order andinterdependence of all activities.

The CPM shall be used to document the contract time to be used in A+B

Bidding when required.

20. Design Data Book. A Design Data Book shall be prepared during the

development of this project. The purpose of this book is to document thescoping, environmental, location, and design considerations involved in the

development of a construction project. The book shall consist of a loose leaf

binder with index sheets provided by WFLHD. It is not expected that the Firmwill have information for every section. The COTR can address any questions

regarding book content. The book shall be the last item submitted to WFLHD at

the conclusion of this project.

21. Construction Staking Data. The Project Engineers (PE) Hold file submittal

includes all information and number of copies identified in the PE Hold File

Checklist. Provide the following data needed for construction of the project.Utilize WFLHD report printing program. Furnish one set of notes on write-in-

the-rain paper, two copies on regular paper and an electronic copy.

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Staking Detail Report ---

Design centerline andprofile

stationing, profile grade, and x, y coordinates

Earthwork quantities Computer generated listing.

Slope stake notes slope stake catch point, and superelevation,excavation and embankment slope ratios.

Clearing notes station, offset and quantities.

Blue Topssubgrade, centerline and shoulders, station, offset,

elevation, xyz coordinates

Red Topstop of aggregate layers - centerline and shoulders,

station, offset, elevation, xyz coordinates

Seeding notes station, offset and quantities

Control points List of horizontal and vertical control points

Topography

Design topography information (.tin file).

Electronic copy only.

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Supplement to

Chapter 10 - Structural Design

I. Design Criteria.

II. Design bridges, culverts, and retaining walls in accordance with the AASHTOLRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 3rd Edition, 2004, with current Interims

except as noted. Any interpretations or deviations from these criteria must be

coordinated with and approved by the COTR.

Specific design values for foundations shall be contained in the geotechnical

report. This shall include, for example, soil bearing capacity for spread footings,

pile size and capacity recommendations, soil loads, and recommendationsregarding construction issues that should be addressed in the plans or

specifications.

Likewise, hydraulic analysis and recommendations shall be addressed separately.Specific hydraulic recommendations must be considered on an individual basis.

III.Specific design criteria are as follows:

Use concrete density equal to 150 lb. per cubic foot for cast-in-place concrete and

160 lb. per cubic foot for precast concrete. Design for HL 93 design live load.Use 24 lb. per square foot for provision of 2 inch AC wearing surface at the time

of construction, and design for an additional 24 lb. per square foot to provide for

future paving allowance over the deck surface. For design of vertical abutmentsand retaining walls, use soil pressure based on the internal angle of friction as

recommended in the goetechnical report. In the absence of a specific

recommendation, a conservative design assumption is to compute active soilpressure based on an assumed angle of internal friction of 32 and a triangular soil

pressure distribution. Alternatively, assume soil pressure to be equivalent to a

fluid weighing 36 lb. per cubic foot.

Design for the appropriate seismic acceleration coefficient. In states where local

seismic acceleration has been mapped by the local DOT, use those coefficients.

In all other cases, use the coefficients given in AASHTO. Perform single-modeor multi-mode analysis, as appropriate.

Typically, WFLHD does not put deck drains or scuppers on the bridge. Providedeck drainage as noted on the TS&L.

IV. Detailed work items are as follows. Design phases are the same as those calledfor under the section Standard Highway Design Submittals/Deliverables above.

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V. Preliminary Design. Prepare a vicinity map drawing of the proposed bridge,

culvert, or retaining wall site.

Plot the vicinity map on M.BRDG, contained in the WFLHD cell library. Use the

same scale for both plan and elevation views. Choose a scale which shows

sufficient surrounding topography to show the entire stream width plus someadditional length of roadway, allowing for a longer crossing than currently exists.

Indicate existing topography to no greater than 2 foot contours. On the elevation

view, plot the existing ground contour along centerline road. On the plan view, plot roadway centerline with station tic marks. Indicate curve data for the

segment of roadway shown. Plot the locations of geotechnical borings.

Include typical roadway section information and a line graph of centerlineroadway grade in the space provided. Indicate in the grade diagram the VPIs

immediately upstation and downstation from the crossing plus vertical curve data

for these VPIs.

On a separate drawing, provide a plan view contour map showing the proposed

roadway centerline and additional ground contours for a sufficient reach of thestream to indicate general streamflow alignment and the bank width at some

reasonable distance away from the existing or proposed bridge crossing.

Whenever possible, set the grade on bridges to allow a minimum one to threemeters freeboard (clearance between soffit elevation of the bridge superstructure

and water surface elevation) at Q50. In addition, maintain a minimum 10 feet

clearance between the soffit and the stream bed. See Section III Statement ofWork Tasks for specific requirements.

To assure deck drainage, new bridge construction should include a minimum0.5% grade on structures less than 150 feet long, and a minimum 1% grade on

bridges over 150 feet long. If necessary, adjust the vertical alignment for the road

to assure that there is this minimum grade. Adjust horizontal alignment to assurethat all spirals and template transitions (superelevation to crown, crown to

superelevation) are fully off the ends of bridges.

VI. Intermediate Design. If called for in the Statement of Work, prepare a Type, Size,and Location (TS&L) drawing of the proposed bridge, culvert, or retaining walls.

On bridge TS&L, indicate the proposed structure type, span length, beginning andending stations, deck width, wingwall size and alignment, rail type, foundation

type, hydraulic data, and any utilities to be accommodated on the bridge. For

culverts, indicate the alignment (skew), size, length, and end treatment for the proposed structure. Retaining wall TS&L shall indicate wall type, footing

elevation, length of wall, and finish ground profile along the face and top of wall.

Select a structure type that is appropriate to the site. Consideration of structure

type should include cost of construction, construction constraints (including

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remoteness of site, availability of prefabricated sections, availability of cast-in-

place concrete, etc.), maintenance costs, and overall aesthetics.

On the elevation view, plot the existing and finish ground contour along

centerline road for bridges, and along the face of wall for retaining walls. On a

separate drawing, show a typical cross section through the bridge superstructureor retaining wall.

If the bridge is to be constructed with partial width stages, develop a stagedconstruction phasing plan as necessary for traffic maintenance during

construction.

Prepare preliminary cost estimates of the proposed bridge alternative(s).Summarize the data used to select the recommended alternative.

VII. Plan-in-Hand Design. Design and prepare contract drawings and draft

specifications for the proposed structure. When available, and with priorcoordination with the COTR, it may be permissible to use WFLHD, FLH or state

DOT standard drawings for some structures or structure elements. Depending onthe specific application, it may be necessary to modify standard drawings before

incorporating them into the contract plans.

a. Girders. Calculate moments, shears, and stresses at critical sections.Show moment and shear capacities, prestressing steel strand patterns, and

shear stirrup diagrams. Provide dead load deflection (camber) diagram.

Produce the calculations for the deflections of the entire structure due toprestress camber, dead load, creep, and shrinkage.

b. Abutments. For concrete deck bridges, unless otherwise indicated on theTS&L or in the Statement of Work, detail the abutment endwalls to be integral

with the superstructure (no deck joints or independent backwalls). Produce

plan and elevation drawings of the abutments so that design sections can beidentified. For each different design section, produce the loading calculations,

load groupings, foundation loads and design calculations.

c. Culverts. Produce design calculations for the cast-in-place concreteportion of the culverts. Plan drawings shall clearly indicate the length, size,

and orientation of the proposed culvert. Indicate precast culvert sections and

cast-in-place portion. Provide construction details for cast-in-place concreteportions of the culvert including connection to precast sections.

d. Retaining walls. Specific elements of retaining walls requiring designcalculations will depend on the wall type selected. Produce design

calculations for those portions of retaining walls which do not utilize standard

plans. Plan drawings shall include plan and elevation views to indicate the

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line and grade of the proposed wall, typical sections through the wall at

critical locations, and any additional details required to construct the wall.

e. Compute contract quantities for all items to be incorporated into the

bridge. Use FLH standard pay item numbers and quantities. Prepare an

Engineer's Estimate of the cost of construction.

f. Perform an independent design check. The design check shall consist of

an independent set of calculations prepared by an engineer not involved withthe initial design calculation. Compare loads, stresses, and capacities at

critical sections in the superstructure and substructure.

4. Final Design. Make revisions to the design based on review comments by COTR andcomments received in Plan-in-Hand review. Compute and check all required

construction contract quantities for the bridge and list these on the plans.

Appendix Bus Customary

Documents

Transcript of Appendix Bus Customary