Apartheid Notes
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Transcript of Apartheid Notes
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APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA
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WHAT IS APARTHEID?
Definition: Social and political policy of racial segregation anddiscrimination, enforced by white minority governments in
South Africa from 1948-1994
Apartheid = apartness(in Afrikaans)
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BEGINNING OF APARTHEID
The policy itself goes back to 1650s with the arrival of the
Dutch and the British
1930s: The termapartheidis created and widely spread
1940s: apartheid is the National Partys slogan
1948: Afrikaner Nationalists come into power and put
apartheid into action as the law
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APARTHEID IN ACTION
1950: Population Registration Act is put into place
4 racial categories are created:1. White
2. Colored(mixed race)
3. Bantu(Black African)
4.
Asian(Indians and Pakistanis) Group Areas Act of 1950: Assigns races to different residential
sections to keep people separated 3.5 million non-whites are
removed from their homes and placed into segregated
neighborhoods
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SEPARATE & UNEQUAL
Segregated housing,education, medical
care
Black citizens must
carry papers Mixed marriages/
relations are illegal
Blacks cannot own
land Blacks cannot own
businesses without
permits
Blacks were purposefully givennotably inferior resources than
whites
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POLICE BRUTALITY & ENFORCEMENT
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OPPOSITION TO APARTHEID
Black political groups being vocalizing their opposition(violence, strikes, demonstrations)
International community denounces apartheid in South Africa
1985: US and Great Britain develop economic sanctions against
South Africa until further notice
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SOWETO PROTESTSJune 16, 1976 response to teaching in Afrikaans
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ANTI APARTHEID LEADERS
DONALD WOODS GOVAN MBEKI
MARTIN THEMBISILE HANI
STEPHEN BANTU BIKO
NELSON MANDELA
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BANTU STEPHEN BIKO
December 18, 1946
September 12,
1977
Black is beautiful
A student leader who
creates the Black
Consciousness
Movement
Taken into police
custody and later
pronounced dead
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NELSON MANDELA
July 18, 1918
December 5, 2013
Served 27 years in
jail for conspiracy to
overthrow the state
President of African
National Congress
(1991-1997)
First generally
elected president of
South Africa
(1994-1999)
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THE OFFICIAL END OF APARTHEID
Early 1990s: President F.W. De Klerk begins to dismantle thesystem
First step of releasing imprisoned black leaders and activists
1994: Constitution is re-written and free, general elections are
held
First elected president was Nelson Mandela, elected by the
people