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AP Chapter 12. Early trade dealt with home production and the barter system Skilled craftsmen's...
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Transcript of AP Chapter 12. Early trade dealt with home production and the barter system Skilled craftsmen's...
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Industry and the North
AP Chapter 12
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Preindustrial Ways of Working Early trade dealt with home
production and the barter system Skilled craftsmen's controlled the
manufacturing of goods and apprenticeships
Women were excluded from the skilled work
Men were heads of the family and controlled everything
Social order was based on rank and status
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Transportation Revolution
1800-1840 rapid improvements in transportation across the U.S.
National Road built in 1808 and connected Cumberland, MD and Vandalia, IL
Erie Canal “Clinton’s Ditch” created by DeWitt Clinton connected NYC to the Great Lakes
364 miles long, cost $7 million and 3,000 Irish workers completed the canal in 1825
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First ship traveled at 4 mph's Towns along the canal became
instant cities and grew in wealth $200 million was invested in canals
from 1820 to 1840 Robert Fulton demonstrated the first
steamboat in 1807 which transformed trade along the Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio Rivers
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Railroads
RR’s drastically grew from 1830 to 1860
Gauges varied from place to place and slowed transportation
1850s consolidation increased trade Early transportation was dangerous New transportation increased growth
and created a national identity
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Market Revolution
Rapid improvements in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization led to the Market Revolution
John Jacob Astor made a fortune in the fur trade and eventual real estate in NYC
Francis Cabot Lowell made a fortune in the cotton mill
Northerners dominated the ship building, banks, trade and financial services
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PUTTING OUT SYSTEM
Goods made in home under the supervision of a merchant who put out the raw materials and then sold finished goods on the open markets
Workers were paid on piece work basis and set the stages of larger factories
Merchant capitalist now controlled the production of goods
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Commercial and Agriculture in the Old Northwest
Farmers were now able to farm larger areas
Improvements in transportation made it easier for goods to get to the market
Regions began specializing in certain goods
Farmers often moved onto different areas hoping to make it big
John Deere’s cutting plow and Cyrus McCormick's reaper allowed farmers to plant and harvest crops faster
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Lowell Mills
Francis Lowell visited textile mills in England in 1810 and brought the model to Massachusetts
Lowell and mechanic Paul Moody invented the power loom which made the manufacturing of cloth easier
Lowell opened the worlds first integrated cotton mill in Waltham, MA
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Lowell, MA was built and the entire town relied on the integrated mills
Most other mills were smaller and ran by a family that everybody worked
American System of manufactures led to the rise of interchangeable parts or mass production
Mass production lowered the value of goods
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Samuel Colt used interchangeable parts for his gun factory
Isaac Singers sewing machine also used interchangeable parts
Rise in production led to specialization in labor
Garment industry rose in NYC and was dominated by women
Factory workers adjusted to having to work by a clock
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People’s time was divided into work and leisure
Boxing, horse racing, baseball and plays became popular
Economy went from a barter to cash trade
Rural women workers went on strike first to protest wage cuts and long hours
Most early strikes were unsuccessful
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New Social Order
Society was divided into upper, middle and working class with social mobility
2nd Great Awakening new evangelistic religious spirit emerged based on personal faith
Middle Class families went from 7 to 5 kids by 1860
Family planning and surgical abortions occurred
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Transcendentalism and Self-Reliance
Popularized by Ralph Waldo Emerson which was a belief in romantic philosophical theory transcending ordinary life
Henry David Thoreau pushed the implications of individualism
Both ideas helped the middle class forge values and values for their social roles
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Henry David Thoreau
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Conclusion
Technological changes greatly altered the north and the role of the family
Improvements in transportation greatly impacted the economy
Lowell Mills demonstrated the early stages of industrialization.