The Prokaryotes Chapter 16. Virus Bacterium Animal cell Animal cell nucleus 0.25 µm.
Animal cell be
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Transcript of Animal cell be
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Animal Cell Structure and Function
Done byVanamala Vaasanthika LECE “B” I year
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Cells
• Smallest living unit• Most are microscopic
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Discovery of Cells
• Robert Hooke (mid-1600s)– Observed sliver of cork– Saw “row of empty boxes”– Coined the term cell
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Cell Types
• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic Cells
• First cell type on earth• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
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Eukaryotic Cells• Nucleus bound by membrane• Include fungi, protists, plant,
and animal cells• Possess many organelles
Protozoan
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Representative Animal Cell
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Plasma Membrane
• Contains cell contents• Double layer of phospholipids & proteins
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Movement Across the Plasma Membrane
• A few molecules move freely– Water, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen
• Carrier proteins transport some molecules– Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer– Fluid mosaic model – describes fluid nature of
a lipid bilayer with proteins
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Cytoplasm
• Viscous fluid containing organelles• components of cytoplasm
– Interconnected filaments & fibers – Fluid = cytosol– Organelles (not nucleus)– storage substances
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Cytoskeleton• Filaments & fibers
• Made of 3 fiber types– Microfilaments– Microtubules– Intermediate filaments
• 3 functions:– mechanical support– anchor organelles– help move
substances
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Nucleus
• Control center of cell
• Double membrane
• Contains – Chromosomes– Nucleolus
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Nuclear Envelope
• Separates nucleus from rest of cell
• Double membrane
• Has pores
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DNA
• Hereditary material
• Chromosomes– DNA– Protiens– Form for cell division
• Chromatin
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Nucleolus
• Most cells have 2 or more• Directs synthesis of RNA• Forms ribosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Helps move substances within cells
• Network of interconnected membranes
• Two types– Rough endoplasmic reticulum– Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Ribosomes attached to surface– Manufacture protiens– Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER
• May modify proteins from ribosomes
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• No attached ribosomes• Has enzymes that help build molecules
– Carbohydrates– Lipids
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Golgi Apparatus
• Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall• Packaging & shipping station of cell
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Lysosomes
• Contain digestive enzymes• Functions
– Aid in cell renewal– Break down old cell parts – Digests invaders
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Mitochondria• Have their own DNA• Bound by double membrane
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Mitochondria
• Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration)
– Glucose– Fatty acids
• Release energy– ATP
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