aénfb]z,ef/t tyf g]kfnsf aénfb]z, ef/t tyf g ]kfnsf ;fd ...

hn;|f]t ljsf; ;+:yf, g]kfn

cg'jfb

O{= b08kfl0f h};L

km/j/L @))%

aénfb]z, ef/t tyf g]kfnsf;fd'bflos af(L Joj:yfkglgb]{lzsfx?sf] ;dfof]hg

aénfb]z, ef/t tyf g]kfnsf;fd'bflos af(L Joj:yfkglgb]{lzsfx?sf] ;dfof]hg

a·nfb]z, ef/t tyf g]kfnsf;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] ;dfof]hg

km/j/L @))%

tof/ ug]{Ma·nfb]z pGgog kl/ifb (BUP), a·nfb]z

;xof]lux¿MOlGi6Ro"6 km/ l/;f];{ Dofg]hd]06 P08 OGef/Gd]06n 8]e]nkd]06 (IRMED), ef/thn;|F]t ljsf; ;+:yf (JVS), g]kfnljZj hnjfo' lj1fg ;+u7g (WMO), l:jh/Nof08

cg'jfbMO{= b08kfl0f h};L

zLif{s M a·nfb]z, ef/t tyf g]kfnsf

;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] ;dfof]hg

cfOP;jLPg M ((($^–*)#–!–%

tof/ ug]{ M a·nfb]z pGgog kl/ifb (BUP), a·nfb]z

;xof]lux¿ M OlGi6Ro"6 km/ l/;f];{ Dofg]hd]06 P08

OGef/Gd]06n 8]e]nkd]06 (IRMED), ef/thn;|F]t ljsf; ;+:yf (JVS), g]kfn

ljZj hnjfo' lj1fg ;+u7g (WMO), l:j6\h/Nof08

cg'jfbs M O{= b08kfl0f h};L

k|sfzs M hn;|f]t ljsf; ;+:yf, g]kfn

cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+

kmf]g M (&&–!–$@@(%*@ºofS; g+= M (&&–!–$@%#^^(O{–d]n M [email protected]

d"No M ?= !))÷–

d'b|0f M g]kfn lnyf]u|flkm· s+= k|f= ln=

uf]n9'Ëf, afnfh', sf7df8f}+

kmf]g g+= M $#%!#()

ºofS; M (&&–!–$#%!#((

o; g]kfnL k|sfzgnfO{ hn;|f]t ljsf; ;+:yfsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ a]rlavg of c¿Jofkfl/sk|of]hgsfnflu pkof]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g . o; k|sfzgsf cf+lzs efux¿nfO{ hn;|f]t ljsf; ;+:yfnfO{;fef/ u/L km]l/ 5fKg kfOg]5 . o;df ePsf cg';GwfgfTds kl/0ffd / ljZn]if0ffTds ;f/f+zx¿n] dfqn]vssf] cfzo hfx]/ ub{5g\ . o:tf cleJolQmx¿n] hn;|f]t ljsf; ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] k|efj

kfl/g' x'b}g / oL s'/fnfO{ ;+:yfsf] cflwsfl/s k|:t'ltsf]¿kdf klg x]l/g' x'b}g .

ljifo ;"rL

!= kl/ro !

@= k[i7e"dL @

#= af9L Joj:yfkgM ;+/rgf tyf k|ltlqmofTds sfo{x¿ %

#=! af9L k"j{sf] tof/L ^

#=@ af9L cfp“bfsf] k|ltls|of !%

#=# af9L kZrft k'g :yfkg @*

afs;x¿

afs;–!M ef/tsf af9Lu|:t IF]qx¿ #

afs;–@M aËnfb]zsf af9Lsf s]xL rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx¿ $

afs;–#M g]kfndf af9Lsf k|sf/x¿ %

cg';'rLx¿

cg';'rL –! ;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldlt #@

cg';'rL –@ cfktsfnLg cj:yfdf xft] kDk nufpg] ljlw #%

cg';'rL –# kfgL z'4 kfg]{ kfs]6 agfpg] ljlw #^

cg';'rL –$ k'gh{lno ;nfOg kfgL agfpg] ljlw #(

cg';'rL –% rlSssf] k|of]uaf6 kfgL z'4 ug]{ ljlw $)

cg';'rL –^ af9Laf6 k'u]sf] Iflt cf+sng ug{ k|ofu ul/g] 3/w'/L k|ZgfjnL $!

1

aËnfb]z, ef/t tyf g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] ;dfof]hg

!= kl/roblIf0f Plzofsf tLg b]z aËnfb]z, ef/t tyf g]kfndf af9Lsf] hf]lvd sd ug{]

p2]Zon] æ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t af9L Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsfx¿ (Community Based Flood

Management Manuals)Æ tof/ ug{ aËnfb]z pGgog kl/ifb -BUP_, aËnfb]z, OlG;Ro"6km/ l/;f];{ Dofg]hd]06 P08 OGef/f]Gd]06n 8]e]nkd]06-IRMED_, ef/t tyf hn;|F]t

ljsf; ;+:yf -JVS_, g]kfn n] cf–cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L To;sf]

;+o'Qm ;dfof]hg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ o; of]hgfsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] .dfyL pNn]lvt tLgj6f ;+:yf ;+u ljZj hnjfo' lj1fg ;+u7g -WMO_, l:jh/n}08;+usf]

;Demf}tf adf]lhd of] cu'jf of]hgf nfu' ul/Psf] lyof] . ljZj hnjfo' lj1fg ;+u7g-WMO_ tyf Nuf]an jf6/ kf6{g/lzk-GWP_ åf/f ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ;+rflnt of] cu'jf of]hgf

æP;f]l;P6]8 k|f]u|fd cg Nkm8 d]g]hd]06Æ sf] Ps efu xf] .

cf–cfºgf] b]zsf] lgb]{lzsf tof/ kg]{ l;nl;nfdf aËnfb]zsf b'O, ef/tsf tLg /g]kfnsf b'O{ af9L k|efljt ;d'bfo;+u 5nkmn tyf /fo ;Nnfx lnOPsf] lyof] . af9Laf6

;d'bfodf k'Ug] Iflt sd ug{ tyf afl;Gbfx¿sf] lk8f sd ug{ af9L cfpg' k"j{, af9Lcfp“bfsf] ;do, tyf af9L cfO;s]kl5 :yflgo ¿kdf cjnDag ul/Psf pkfo yfxf kfpg

;xeflutfTds b|"t n]vfhf]vf [Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA)] ljlw k|of]u ul/Psf]lyof] . oL lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ;d'bfox¿df 5nkmn u/fO{ cfjZos

kl/dfh{g kZrft :jLsf/ ul/Psf lyP . af9L k|efljt ;d'bfox¿n] oL lgb]{lzsfx¿sf]k|of]u u/]df ;d'bfodf af9Lsf] hf]lvd sd ug{ ;3fp k'Ug hfg] s'/fdf ljZjf; lng

;lsG5 . af9L Joj:yfkgdf o; lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]uaf6 l;s]sf kf7x¿n] eljiodf

lgb]{lzsfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ d2t k'Ug]5 . o; lgb]{lzsfnfO{ c¿ ;d'bfox¿nfO{ jf cGob]zx¿df ;d'bfox¿af6 ul/g] af9L Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;d]t ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf

lng ;lsg]5 .

o; lgb]{lzsfn] af9Lsf] ljleGg cj:yfdf ;d'bfon] ug{'kg]{ sfo{x¿sf] lj:t[t ;"rL,;"rgfx¿ tyf ;'emfjx¿ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 ;fy} ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf a[l4 ul/ ;d'bfon] ;+o'Qm

tyf cem z;St ¿kdf af9L Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ljlw ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . of]

lgb]{lzsf tLg b]zx¿df 5'§f 5'§} ¿kdf tof/ ul/Psf lgb]{lzsfx¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg


2

ul/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . oxf“g]/ Pp6f s] s'/f pNn]v ug{ ;fGble{s x'G5 eg] of] lgb]{lzsfn]

;a} ;d'bfosf] cfjZostfnfO{ g;d]6\g klg ;S5 . s'g} ;d'bfosf] vf; cj:yfsf] nflu

vf; Joj:yf rflxg ;S5 . o; k'l:tsfn] af9L ;DaGwdf ljleGg ;d'bfox¿sf] vf; vf;

;femf k|ltlqmofx¿nfO{ eg] phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . o:sf] dfWodaf6 ljleGg b]zdf vf;

;d:ofx¿sf] ;DaGwdf Pp6f vfsf tof/ ug{ cjZo ;lsG5 .

;alGwt b]zsf] nfuL tof/ ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsfn] af9L ;DaGwL ;jfnx¿sf] 7"nf]

bfo/f ;d]6]sf] 5 h;sf] k|of]uaf6 pQm b]zsf] ;d'bfox¿df ljBdfg af9Lsf ljleGg

;jfnx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf nfuL o;sf] lj:t[t ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . Pp6f b]z tyf

;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo cj:yf csf]{ b]z tyf ;d'bfosf] cj:yf ;+u

gldNg] ePsf]n] Pp6f b]z tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t lgb]{lzsfnfO{ csf]{ ;d'bfodf x'ax'

k|of]u ug{ g;lsg] ePtf klg ;fwf/0f km]/abn u/L k|of]udf Nofpg eg] ;lsG5 .

@= k[i7e"ldu+uf–a|Dxk'q–d]3gf If]qdf af9L Pp6f lgoldt 36gf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o; cWoogn]

s]lGb|t u/]sf If]lqo b]zx¿ aËnfb]z, ef/t tyf g]kfndf dg;"gsf] ;dodf af9L cfpg]

u/]sf] 5 . x'gt oL If]qx¿df cgflb sfn b]lvg} af9L cfpg] u/]sf] xf] t/ klg af9Lsf]

k|sf/, b|"ttf tyf c;/ -gf]S;fg÷Iflt tyf af9Ln] k'¥ofpg] kL8f ;fy} af9Ln] lbg]

kmfObfx¿ h:t} kf+uf] df6f], pj{/fkg tyf e"ldut hn e08f/df a[l4 cflb_ b]z leq tyf

cGt/b]zLo ¿kdf km/s km/s x'g] u/]sf] 5 . afs;x¿ ! b]lv # ;Dddf oL b]zx¿df

cfpg] u/]sf] af9Lsf ljleGg cfofd tyf u'0fx¿ lbOPsf] 5 . afs;–! df ef/tsf]

af9LIf]qsf] ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 . oL If]qx¿df af9Laf6 lgoldt ¿kdf ljleGg dfqfdf

k|efljt x'G5 eg] s'g} s'g} ;dodf cTolws ¿kdf k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

3


afs; !M ef/tsf af9Lu|:t IF]qx¿

ef/tsf rf/ d"Vo af9Lu|:t If]qx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M

a|Dxk'q tyf af/] If]qM o; cGtu{t cf;fd, c¿0ffrn k|b]z, d]3fno, ldhf]/d,

lqk'/f, dl0fk'/, gfufn]08, l;lSsd, tyf klZrd aËfnsf] pQ/L efu kb{5g\ .

u+uf IF]qM o; cGtu{t pQ/f~rn, pQ/ k|b]z, pQ/L laxf/ tyf xl/of0ff

/fHosf] dWo tyf blIFl0f efux¿ kb{5g\ . o; If]qdf od'gf, ;f]gf, 3f3/f,u08s,

sf]zL tyf dxfgGbf cflb gbLx¿ k5{g\ .

klZrdf]Q/ gbLx¿sf] IF]qM o; cGtu{t hDd' sflZd/, k~hfa tyf xl/of0ff /

/fh:yfgsf] s]xL efux¿ kb{5g\ . o; If]qsf gbLx¿df d'VotM ;tnh, /jL,

ljof;, e]mnd, tyf 3f3/ gbLx¿ kb{5g\ .

dWo ef/t tyf 8]sg gbLx¿sf] IF]qM o; cGtu{t ;Dk"0f{ dWo tyf blIf0fL

ef/t IF]q kb{5g\ . o; If]qsf gbLx¿df d'VotM gd{bf, tfkL, dxfgbL,

uf]bfj/L, s[i0ff, tyf sfj]/L cflb kb{5g\ . o; If]qdf pl8;f /fHo af9Laf6

a9L k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

cf};tdf aËnfb]zsf] s"n e"efusf] @)–#) k|ltzt tyf ef/tsf] s"n s[lifof]UohdLgsf] @% k|ltzt efu aif]{gL dg;'gsf] ;dodf 8'jfgdf kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . aËnfb]zsf]** k|ltzt e"efu af9Lsf] d}bfgsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;fwf/0f af9L -h;nfO{ æaiff{Æ klgelgG5_ xfgL /lxt x'G5 eg] c;fwf/0f af9L]]] -h;nfO{ æaf]GofÆ klg elgG5_ n] af9L]d}bfgsf] 7"nf] e"efunfO{ 8'afgdf kfg]{ u/sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] c;fwf/0f af9Ldf kfgLsf];tx pRr x'g'sf] ;fy} 8'afgsf] cjlw klg nfdf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 . slxn]sflx+ cTolws 7"nf]af9L cfp+5 h;nfO{ æNkfaf]gÆ klg elgG5 . o; k|sf/sf] af9Ln] hgtfsf] /xg ;xgdfafwf k'¥ofpg'sf] ;fy} /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ;d]t g/fd|f] c;/ kfg]{ u/sf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ uËf–a|Dxk'q–d]3gf If]qdf oL af9Lx¿ ;fwf/0ftof dg;"gL aiff{sf] sf/0f cfpg] ub{5g\ . o;sf]cnfjf aËnfb]zsf] $(,))) au{ ls=dL= eGbf a9L If]q aËfnsf] vf8Laf6 cfpg] Hjf/sf]sf/0f k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . aËnfb]zdf cfpg] af9Lsf s]xL tYof+sx¿ afs;–@ dfb]vfOsf] 5 .


4

afs;–@ a·nfb]zsf af9Lsf s]xL rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx¿

aËnfb]zdf aif]{lg cfpg] s/La !#,^),)))ldlnog 3g dL6/ kfgLsf] axfjaflx/af6 dfq cfpg] ub{5 . o; axfjsf] s/La *) b]lv *% k|ltzt h'gdlxgf b]lv cS6f]a/ dlxgf leq cfpg] ub{5 .

aËnfb]zn] cfkm\gf] If]qsf] s/La !@ u'0ff a9L If]qaf6 cfPsf] kfgLnfO{ aflx/lgsf; lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . uËf–a|Dxk'q–d]3gf gbLx¿sf] s'n hnIf]qsf] &=%k|ltzt dfq aËnfb]zdf kb{5 .

aËnfb]z leqaf6 au]/ hfg] kfgLnfO{ o;sf] s'n If]qkmndf hDdf ug]{ xf] eg]o;n] k'/} b]zdf s/La ( ld6/ ulx/f] kf]v/L aGb5 .

kfgLsf] cnfjf oxf“sf gbLx¿df 7"nf] dfqfdf u]u|fg klg cfpg] u/]sf] 5 .cg'dfgaf6 s] yfxf nfu]sf] 5 eg] oxf“sf gbLx¿af6 aif]{lg s/La !=@ b]lv@=$ c/a d]l6«s 6g u]u|Fg aËfnsf] vf8Ldf aufP/ nfg] u/]sf 5g\ . uËf tyfa|Dxk'qaf6 dfq aif]{gL s/La !=!*% c/a d]l6«s 6g u]u|fg aËfnsf] vf8Ldfau]/ hfg] ub{5 .

g]kfndf ef/t tyf aËnfb]zdf cfpg] af9L eGbf km/s cs:dft ¿kdf af9L-Flash Flood_ cfpg] ub{5 . ;fwf/0ftof o; k|sf/ cfpg] af9Lsf] cjlw #) 306f;Ddsf] /xg] u/]sf] 5 . cfsl:ds cfpg] af9Ln] e"Ifo, klx/f], afnLsf] Ifltsf] ;fy} cGoef}lts Iflt ;d]t ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . af9Lsf] hf]lvd ePsf g]kfnsf If]qx¿ afs;–# dfb]vfOPsf 5g\ .

af9Ln] hgtfsf] /xg;xg, s[lif ljlw, ef}lts ;+/rgf, ;+rf/ tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf]:jf:Yodf c;/ ub{5 . g]kfn, aËnfb]z tyf ef/t tLg} b]zx¿df s[lif g} hgtfsf] k|d'vJoj;fo xf] . af9L cfpg] ;do, af9Lsf] k|sf/ tyf af9Lsf] tLa|tfsf] cfwf/df o; If]qdfljleGg afnLx¿ nufOg] ul/Psf] 5 . oL b]zx¿sf] af9Lsf] d}bfgdf nufOg] s[lifafnL tyfs[lifljlw af9Lsf] c;/n] k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf] ;fy} o; If]qsf] dT:okfng,kz'kfng tyf cGo Joj;fox¿ klg af9Lsf] k|sf]kaf6 g/fd|f] ;+u k|efljt x'g] u/]sf5g\ . o; k|sf/sf Joj;fox¿nfO{ cS;/ /fxtsf] cfjZostf ;d]t kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .

5


afs;–#M g]kfnsf af9Lsf k|sf/x¿

dg;"gsf] ;dodf g]kfnsf s]lx ;dtn e"efux¿ -t/fO{, leqL dw]z tyf pkTosfx¿_af9Lsf] kfgLaf6 8'afgdf kg'{sf ;fy} s[lifof]Uo e"ld afn'jfn] el/g] u/]sf 5 . ljutdfb]zsf] dWo tyf k"jL{ efudf g]kfnn] w]/} af9L–klx/f]sf 36gfx¿sf] cg'ej u/]sf] 5 .k"j{df cjl:yt sf]zL, dWoefudf cjl:yt u08sL tyf klZrdsf] s0ff{nL tyf dxfsfnLg]kfnsf k|d'v gbLx¿ x'g\ . oL ;a} gbLx¿ lxdfnoaf6 pTkQL eO{ kxf8x¿af6 aUb}t/fOsf] ;dy/ efu x'“b} uËf tyf o;sf ;xfos gbLx¿df ldl;G5g\ . lxdgbL ePsf]sf/0f lxp“bsf dlxgfx¿df ;d]t oL gbLx¿df kof{Kt axfj /x]sf] x'G5 . dg;"gL aiff{sf]sf/0f oL gbLx¿df af9L cfpg] ub{5 . pRr lxdfnL e"efudf cjl:yt lxdtfn laikmf]6af6eLif0f af9L cfpg] ub{5 . o; k|sf/sf] af9Lsf] k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg] x'“bf cToGt}xfgLsf/s x'G5g\ . kxf8L If]qdf nuftf/ kg]{ cTolws aiff{sf] sf/0f af9L klx/f] cfpg] ub{5. o; k|sf/ cfpg] klx/f]sf] sf/0f slxn] sfxL+ gbLsf] axfj ;d]t /f]lsg hfG5 . o; k|sf/c:yfoL ¿kdf ag]sf af“wx¿ km'6\g hf“bf gbLsf] tNnf] t6df cjl:yt ef}lts ;+/rgftyf s[lif e"lddf 7"nf] IftL k'Ug hfG5 . lxdtfn laikmf]6af6 cfpg] o; k|sf/sf] af9Lsf]k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg] x'“bf ;d'bfo tyf /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ;d]t 7"nf] c;/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5.

#= af9L Joj:yfkgM ;+/rgf tyf k|ltlqmof

af9L Joj:yfkg lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf tLg efudf ljeflht ug{ ;lsG5 M

!_ af9L k"j{sf] tof/L

@_ af9L cfp“bfsf avtsf] k|ltlqmof

#_ af9L kZrftsf] /fxt tyf p4f/ sfo{

af9L k"j{sf] tof/Ln] af9L cfp“bf s;n] s] ug]{ eGg] ljifodf k"j{ ;f]r agfO{ tof/L

cj:yfdf /xL/xg] sfo{x¿nfO{ a'emfp“5 . o;sf] p2]Zo 3/w'/L tyf ;d'bfonfO{ af9Lsf]

hf]lvdaf6 arfpg' /x]sf] 5 . af9L cfpg] s'/f lglZrt ePsf]n] af9Lsf] ;dodf o;af6

x'g] Iflt tyf gf]S;fgnfO{ sd ug'{ bf];|f] efusf] d"Vo p2]Zo xf] . af9Lsf] c;/ sd ePkl5

/fxt tyf k'g:yf{kg sfo{sf] z'¿jft xG5 .


6

#=! af9L k"j{sf] tof/Laf9Lsf] tof/L ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;d'bfonfO{ af9L cjZo+efjL 5 / ;fy} o;sf]

tLa|tf, o;af6 k|efljt x'g;Sg] If]qkmn, 8'afgsf] ulx/fO{ / 8'afgsf] cjlwsf] ljifodf

;d]t hfgsf/L eO /fVg' k5{ . xfn;Dd ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿n] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf aiff{sf]ljif]ztf, gbLdf kfgLsf] ;tx, ;k{, Eofu'tf, xf“; tyf cGo hfgj/x¿sf] Jojxf/ x]/]/

af9Lsf] eljioaf0fL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . oL t/Lsfx¿ cfkm}df sdhf]/ x'g'sf ;fy} k|fljlws¿kdf af9Lsf] eljiojfl0f ug]{ ;kmn t/Lsf x'g ;Sb}gg\ . t/ klg sltko 7fp“x¿df

cem}klg oL t/Lsfx¿ cjnDag u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ af9Lsf] ;"rgf k|efljt;d'bfon] a'em\g] efiffdf pgLx¿ ;Dd k'Ug ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;}n] pgLx¿sf oL k/Dk/fut

1fg tyf af9Lsf] ;dodf /]l8of] 6]nLlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g] df};d ;DalGw a'n]l6gx¿ aLr;dGjo x'g' h¿/L b]lvG5 . o; k|sf/sf a'n]l6gx¿ klg k|fljlws efiffdf k|;f/0f

eOlbgfn] ;fwf/0f u|fdL0f hgtfn] cS;/ a'em]sf x'“b}gg\ . af9Lsf] ;dodf hgtfx¿n]cfkm\gf] ufp“sf eb| enfbdL, lzlIft ;d'bfo tyf o; ;DalGw ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿af6

;"rgfsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf x'G5g\ t/ lrQa'em\bf] pQ/ kfpg ;ls/x]sf x'“b}gg\ . o:tf]

cj:yfdf af9L ;DaGwdf ;d'bfodf hlxn] klg Ps k|sf/sf] clglZrttf alg/x]sf] x'G5 .o;}n] hgtfx¿ dfyL pNn]lvt k/Dk/fut t/Lsfx¿df lge{/ /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . sltko

cj:yfdf pgLx¿sf] lgisif{ l7s klg x'G5 t/ af9Lsf] tLa|tf / ;do ;DaGwdf pgLx¿sf]lgisif{ l7s x'“b}g . o;}n] clxn] klg ;dod} af9Lsf] eljioafl0f, ;r]ttf tyf :yflgo

efiffdf o;sf] ;Dk|]if0f Ps k|d'v ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg cjwf/0ff cGtu{t lgDglnlvt lqmofsnfkx¿ kb{5g\M

• af9L Joj:yfkg ug{ ;d'bfosf] txdf Pp6f ;fd'bflos ;+:yf af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltu7g ug]{ . ef/tdf o;sf] gfd af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /x]sf] 5 .

• af9Lsf] hf]lvd 36fpg, af9Laf6 x'g] Iflt tyf gf]S;fg sd ug{ / af9Laf6 hgtfdf k'Ug]b'Mv sd ug{ ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf a[l4 ug'{sf ;fy} ljljw cfjZostfx¿sf] klxrfgug]{ .

• JolQmut tyf ;fd'bflos txdf tflndsf] dfWodaf6 Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .

• af9Lsf] ;dodf vfnL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ k|efjsf/L t/Lsfx¿sf] k|bz{gL cof]hgf ug]{ .

7


• af9Ln] k'¥ofpg;Sg] cg'dfg gul/Psf] cfkb–ljkbsf] tof/Lsf] nflu ;fdu|Lx¿ Joj:yf

ug]{ .

• af9L Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cjnDag u/LPsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ tyf

;do ;dodf To;sf] k|ltj]bg lbg] .• eljiosf] nflu ;"rgfx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

#=!=! ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf] u7g

o; kfOn6 of]hgfsf] yfngL x'g' eGbf klxn], ;d'bfox¿df af9Lsf] ;dodf ul/g]

lqmofsnfkx¿ JolQmut tj/df ;+rflnt lyP . olb oL lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ ;d'bflos

tj/df ;+rflnt ug{ ;s]df af9Laf6 ;d'bfodf k'Ug] Iflt, af9Lsf] hf]lvd tyf vt/f lgs}

xb;Dd sd ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu ;d'bfon] ;fd'lxs ¿kdf of]hgfsf] tof/L ug'{sf];fy} af9Lsf] x/]s cj:yfdf oL lqmofsnfkx¿sf]] sfof{Gjog tyf lgoldt cg'udg ug'{

kg]{ x'G5 . ;d'bfon] :yflgo af9L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfkm\gf] ;d'bflos ;+u7gsf] ;alns/0fu/L ;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ug'{ kb{5 . ljutdf af9Lsf] ;dodf dflg;x¿ ckem{6 ¿kdf

;+ul7t x'Gy] / s'g} of]hgf lagfg} Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfx¿sf] dd{tsfo{, vfnL ug]{ tyf p4f/

ug]{ sfo{df nfUg] ub{y] . o; lgb]{lzsfdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] ;fd'bflos cjwf/0ff cg';f/af9Lsf] x/]s cj:yfdf ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf cfjZos x'G5 . h:t} af9Lsf] eljioaf0fL tyf

;ts{tf, JolQm tyf ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clja[l4 sfo{qmd, of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog cflb ;a}lqmofsnfkx¿df ;d'bflos ;+u7gsf] ;+nUgtf cfjZos x'G5 .

;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg ;+:yfsf] u7g ug'{ eGbf klxnf o;sf] dxTj, sfd tyf

st{Jo, u7g k|lqmof, hg>d tyf >f]t kl/rfng ;DaGwdf ;"rgfx¿sf] ;+sng tyfljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos cjwf/0ffsf yk kmfObfx¿ kQf nufO{ ;+slnt ;"rgfx¿

:yflgo clwsf/L, /fhgLltsdL{, lzIfs, tyf cGo :yflgo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;Dk|]if0fug'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf] u7g ubf{ ;d'bfodf Jofks 5nkmn tyf jftf{sf] cfof]hgf

u/L ul/g' kb{5 .

oL lqmofsnfkx¿ cfof]hgf ubf{ ;d'bfonfO{ Pp6f pTk|]/s ;+:yfsf] cfjZostf kg{;S5 . :yflgo cfjZostf cg';f/ o;sf] nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf ;+:yfx¿ pknJw x'g


8

;S5g\ . oL ;+:yfx¿aLr ;dGjosf] cfjZostf x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] ;dGjosf] nflu :yflgo;/sf/L ;+:yf - uf=lj=;, lh=lj=;=_, s]lGb|o ;/sf/sf ljleGg ;+:yfx¿ -h:t} k'nL;, s[lif,k|sf]k Joj:yfkg cflb_, cGt/fli6«o /]8qm; tyf /]8 lqm;]G6 ;+:yfsf :yflgo zfvf tyf cGou}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfn] cfjZos d2t ug{ ;S5g\ .

af9L k|efljt ;d'bfosf] cj:yf cg';f/ af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug]{ ljleGgt/Lsfx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . o; dWo] s]lx tn lbOPsf] 5 .

s_ :yflgo af9L k|efljt ;d'bfon] cfkm" dWo]af6 5flgPsf] JolQmsf] cWoIftfdf Pp6f;ldltsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] ;ldlt :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfo eGbf dfyLx'g] 5}g ;fy} o;df dlxnf, :yflgo hghflt, lzIfs, :yflgo ;fx' dxfhg tyf cGo:yflgo eb| enfbdLsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj /xg' k5{ .

v_ dfly -s_ df pNn]lvt k|ltlglwTj /xg] u/L :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfon] ;ldltsf] u7gug{ ;Sg]5 .

k"0f{ ¿kdf ;fd'bflos ;+u7g aGg' eGbf cufl8 ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf x]/L Pp6f% b]lv ( ;bl:oo tby{ ;ldlt agfpg ;lsG5 . o; k|sf/ ul7t tby{ ;ldltn] d"n;ldltsf] u7g x'g' eGbf cl3 ljleGg ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿;+u ;dGjo tyf cGo cfjZossfo{ ug]{5 . o; tby{ ;ldltn] ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf cfkm\gf] ljwfgsf] d:of}bflgdf{0f ug'{sf] ;fy} af9Laf6 k|efljt ljleGg ;d'bfox¿, :yflgo g]tfx¿, lzIfsx¿,dlxnf tyf cGo hghfltx¿sf] pkl:yltdf 5nkmn tyf jftf{ u/fO{ tof/L sfo{sf]z'¿jft ug'{ k5{ .

cGttf]uTjf aGg] ;fd'bfoLs af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf cGo JolQmx¿sf] cnfjf:yflgo g]tf, dlxnf, hghflt, :yflgo eb| enfbdL, s[lif÷:jf:Yo sfo{stf{, lzIfs tyf:yflgo ;fd'bflos÷u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg' k5{ . o;df ;a};/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg' k5{ . ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx÷;'emfj lbg tyfaflx/af6 k|fKt x'g] ;xof]usf] nflu d2t ug{, ;+alGwt ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx¿,:yflgo lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿ tyf h]i7 gful/sx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf] Pp6f ;Nnfxsf/;ldltsf] lgdf{0f u/]df kmnbfoL x'G5 . cfjZostf ePdf d"n ;ldltsf] cnfjf sfo{;ldltx¿sf] lgdf{0f klg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd'bfoLs af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;fwf/0flqmofsnfkx¿ cg';"rL–! df lbOPsf] 5 .

9


#=!=@ ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf tyf Ifdtf kQf nufpg]

af9L Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ k|fyldlss/0f ug{sf] nflu ;d'bfodfaf9Laf6 ;a}eGbf hf]lvddf /x]sfx¿sf] klxrfg tyf pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf, af9Lsf]

;dodf pgLx¿af6 x'g] u/]sf lqmofsnfkx¿, To; IF]qsf] cfly{s, ;dflhs, h}ljs tyfef}lts cj:yf cflb yfxf kfpg' k5{ . o; kl5 pgLx¿sf]] ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf

clea[l4 ug{sf] nflu s] ug'{ k5{, ;f]sf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{k5{ .

af9Lsf] k|sf]k sd ug{ :yflgo :t/df pknAw ;]jf tyf ;|f]tx¿sf] gS;fÍg ug'{h¿/L x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] gS;fdf a;f]af; IF]q, s[lif hdLg, h+un, r/g If]q, pRr e"efu

cflbsf] gS;fÍg ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ . o; k|sf/sf] gS;f ;d'bfo cfkm}n] s'g} ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf];xof]udf agfP/ /fVg' k5{ . ;d'bfodf pknAw cGo ;fdflhs ;]jfx¿ h:t}M ljBfno,

:jf:Yo rf}sL, ;fj{hlgs÷lghL kf]v/Lx¿, gns"kx¿, ;fj{hlgs rkL{ cflbsf] ;"rL ;d]t

agfO /fVg' k5{ . o; k|sf/sf gS;f tyf ;"rLx¿sf] ;xfotfaf6 ;d'bfodf af9Lsf]hf]lvd tyf vt/f yfxf kfpg'sf] ;fy} af9L Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

;ldltn] :yflgo :t/df af9Lsf] hf]lvd ;DalGw gS;f tof/ u/L /fVg' k5{ . o;

k|sf/sf] gS;fdf hf]lvdk"0f{ IF]qx¿sf] klxrfg, af9Lsf] ;dodf cGgkft, ufO{j:t' cflbnfO{;'/lIFt /fVg pQm If]qdf cjl:yt pRr e"efu tyf ;'/lIFt lgsf; dfu{sf] /]vfÍg ug'{

kb{5 . ljleGg ;dodf cfPsf 7"nf af9Lx¿sf] cfwf/df o; k|sf/sf hf]lvd gS;fx¿cBfjlws ub}{ hfg' k5{ . cfkm\gf] If]qdf ePsf ;fd'bfoLs af9L Joj:yfkg ;DalGw

sfo{x¿ ug]{ ;+:yfx¿ kQf nufO{ ltgLx¿sf] ;"rL agfO{ /fVg' k5{ . logLx¿sf] ;Dks{7]ufgf ;do ;dodf cBfjlws ub}{ hfg' k5{ . ;fd'bfoLs af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] o;k|sf/sf sfo{x¿ ubf{ :yflgo lgsfo ;+u ;dGjo u/L ug{ ;lsG5 .

#=!=# Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{ ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f tyf tfnLd

af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g eO;s]kl5 ;ldltn] af9L Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf

;d'bfodf tfnLd tyf ;r]tgf a[l4sf] sfo{qmd u/L pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ tkm{pGd'v x'g' k5{ . af9L Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf hgtfx¿sf] ;r]tgf a[l4 ug{ ;"rgfsf];d'lrt ;Dk|]if0f Ps k|efjsf/L pkfo xf] . ;"rgfsf] ;Dk|]if0faf6 ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿


10

;r]t x'G5g\ eg] tfnLdsf] dfWodaf6 pgLx¿df af9Lsf] hf]lvd sd ug{ k"j{ tof/L ug]{;DalGw 1fgdf a[l4 x'G5 . ;ldltn] cfkm\gf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{/fVg' k5{ . o;sf] ;fy} ;ldltn] ;d'bfonfO{ ;Defljt af9L tyf To;af6 aRg] pkfox¿sf]af/]df hfgsf/L lbO /xg' k5{ . ;ldltn] cfkm\gf oL lqmofsnfkx¿df cfjZostf cg';f/:yflgo ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] ;xof]u lng klg ;S5 . ;ldltn] ;d'bfonfO{ ljleGg t/Lsfx¿af6;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug{ ;S5 . tL dWo] s]lx tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5g\ M

;d'bfodf lgoldt cgf}krf/Ls 5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf ul//xg]

krf{, kf]i6/ tyf cGo ;fdu|Lx¿ ljt/0f ug]{

cfd ;+rf/ dfWod -/]l8of] a'n]l6g, 6]nLlehg, ;dfrf/kq cflb_af6 :yflgo efiffdf;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ul/ ;r]ttf a[l4 ug]{

hgtfx¿nfO{ gS;f, lrq, 8s'd]06«L lkmNd, :nfO8 cflb k|blz{t ug]{

af9L Joj:yfkg ;DalGw k'l:tsfnfO{ ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ug]{ tyf k|f}9tfnLdsf] lgoldt Joj:yf ug]{

ljBfnox¿df af9Lsf] ;DaGwdf sljtf, afbljjfb tyf lgaGw k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgfug]{

:yflgo lgsfosf] ;xof]udf ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L plrt k|sf/sf]uf]li7 cfof]hgf ug]{

tfnLdsf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfosf] 1fgdf clea[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} sfd ug]{ Ifdtfdf;d]t a[l4 x'G5 . ;ldltn] :yflgo afl;Gbf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿l;t 5nkmn u/L plrtk|sf/sf] tfnLdsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kb{5 . af9L Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf ;d'bfonfO{ ljleGgk|sf/sf tfnLdsf] cfjZostf kg{ ;S5 h;dWo] s]lx tn pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M

tof/L ;DalGw tfnLdM

af9Laf6 ;r]t u/fpg] :yflgo pkfox¿ tyf af9Lsf] ;DaGwdf ;'lrt x'g]

af9L k|lt/f]wfTds 3/ agfpg] t/Lsf tyf :yflgo t6aGwx¿nfO{ alnof] agfpg]

t/Lsfx¿

af9L k|lt/f]wfTds s[lif jfnL nufpg] t/Lsfx¿

11


af9L cfp“bfsf] ;dodf tof/ /xg] tf}/ t/Lsfx¿

of]hgf ul/Psf sfo{x¿ ug{ af9Lsf] ;dodf ;+ul7t /xg]

;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] nflu sfof{no Joj:yfkg tyf clen]v /fVg] ;DalGw tfnLd

af9Lsf] ;dodf k|ltlqmof ;DalGw tfnLd

vfnL ug]{, p4f/ ug]{, tyf x/fPsfx¿sf] vf]hljg ug]{ tfnLd . h:t}M 8'+uf rnfpg],

kf}l8 v]Ng], cflb

/fxt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;DalGw tfnLd

af9Lsf] ;dodf lzlj/ tyf cGo :yfgx¿df :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfOsf] l:ylt sfod

/fVg]

;kmf kfgL tyf af9Lsf] ;dodf nfUg ;Sg] /f]ux¿sf] cf}ifwL ;DalGw tfnLd .

af9Lsf] ;dodf vfBfGgsf] e08f/0f tyf rng

dflg; tyf ufO{a:t'x¿sf nflu vfBfGgsf] ;+lrlt tyf aLp aLhgsf] ;'/Iff

af9Lsf] vt/f ePsf] 7fp“ vfnL ug]{ ;DaGwL tfnLd

af9L kZrft u/Lg] k'gp{4f/ tyf k'glg{df{0f lqmofsnfk ;DalGw tfnLd

af9L kZrft Psfsf{sf] ;xof]un] ;d'bfo k'/fgf] l:yltdf kms{gsf] nflu s;/L Joj:yf

ug]{ eGg] laifos tfnLd . pbfx/0fsf] nflu 3/ vfnL u/]sfx¿ s;/L cfkm\gf] 3/df

kmls{g], elTsPsf 3/x¿sf] dd{t÷k'glg{df{0f, gi6 ePsf] s[lifafnLsf] k'g:yf{kg, ;fgf]

Jofkf/, afx\o ;xof]usf] Joj:yf, cflb .

cfo cfh{g ;DalGw tfnLd . h:t}M g;{/L nufpg], df}/Lkfng, Uofljog hfnL a'Gg],

dlxnfx¿sf] nfuL l;nfO{ s6fO{ tyf a'gfO{ tfnLd, :yflgo :t/df d}gaQL agfpg]

tyf :yflgo ¿kdf pknAw cj;/sf] cfwf/df cGo ultljlwx¿ .

af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf :yflgo÷If]lqo÷/fli6«o txsf

;+:yfx¿sf] ;"rL agfO{ pgLx¿n] lbg ;Sg] pko'Qm tfnLdsf] nflu cg'/f]w ug'{ k5{ . ;d'bfosfdflg;x¿sf] cg's'ntfsf] cfwf/df o; k|sf/sf tfnLdx¿ aif{sf] ljleGg ;dodf ug'{ k5{ .


12

#=!=$ of]hgf tyf ;/sf/;+usf] tfbfTDoaf9Lsf] hf]lvd sd ug{ s]xL ;+/rgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f cfjZos x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf

;+/rgfx¿df gbL lgoGq0f ;DalGw ;+/rgfx¿, kfgLsf] lgsf;df pTkGg cj/f]w x6fpg]

cflb sfdx¿ kb{5g\ . ;fd'bflos cjwf/0ff cGtu{t c;+/rgfut ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u ug]{

s'/f pNn]v ePsf] ePtf klg o; k|sf/sf ;+/rgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f k"0f{¿kdf gsfg{ ;ls+b}g .

o; k|sf/sf sfdx¿df ;d'bfon] of]hgf cg'¿k sfd eP gePsf] s'/f cg'udg ug{

;S5g\ . of]hgfsf] th'{df eO;s]kl5 ;ldltn] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;+u 5nkmn tyf jftf{

u/L of]hgfsf] 6'Ëf] nufpg'k5{ .

of]hgfsf w]/} kIfx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . ;a}dWo] s]lx sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] IfdtfeGbf

aflx/sf] klg x'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;ldltn] ;/sf/;+u ;dGjo u/L cfly{s ;xfotf

lng ;S5 . o;}n] ;ldltn] :yflgo tyf s]lGb|o ;/sf/L lgsfo;+u ;Dks{ u/L cfkm\gf

cfjZostfx¿ ;"lrt ul//fVg' k5{ . ef/tsf] kl/k|]Iodf ;+/rgfut sfo{x¿sf] nflu

/fHo÷s]Gb| ;/sf/sf ;+:yfx¿;+u ;Dks{ /fVg] ul/G5 .

#=!=%= cg'udg tyf k|ltj]bg;ldltn] af9L cfpg' k"j{, af9Lsf] ;dodf / af9L kZrft ug'{ kg]{ elg cfkm'n]

th{"[df u/]sf sfdx¿ plrt tyf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;+rfng x'g ;s] jf ;s]gg\, k|efljt

;d'bfon] ck]lIft ;]jf kfpg ;s] jf ;s]gg\ egL cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ .

cg'udgsf] dfWodaf6 ;ldltn] xfndf u/]sf sfdx¿df s] slt sdhf]/Lx¿ lyP /

To;df ;'wf/ ug{ eljiodf yk s] ug'{ k5{ eGg] ljifodf hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . o;

k|sf/ ul/Psf] cg'udgsf l/kf]6{x¿sf] plrt t/Lsfn] clen]v /fVg'k5{ . o;df pNn]lvt

;kmntf / c;kmntfsf ljj/0fx¿af6 eljiodf ul/g] lqmofsnfkx¿df yk ;'wf/ ug]{

cfwf/ k|fKt x'G5 .

#=!=^ cfktsfnLg cj:yfsf] nfuL tof/L

13


g]kfn, ef/t tyf aËnfb]zsf s'g} g s'g} efudf x/]s aif{ af9L cfpg] ub{5 h:n] oL

;d'bfodf a;f]af; ug]{ dflg;x¿nfO{ cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ¿kdf c;/ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/

;do ;dodf af9L cfpg] ePsf]n] af9L k"j{, af9Lsf] ;dodf / af9L kZrft k|d'v Joj:yfkg

sfo{ ul/g' k5{ . o;y{ af9Laf6 k|efljt JolQmx¿sf] nflu s]lx /fxt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] hf]xf]

ul//fVg' k5{ . o; k|sf/sf] /fxt ;fdu|L slt dfqfdf hDdf ul//fVg] eGg] ljifodf :yflgo

;d'bfox¿;+u cfjZos 5nkmn u/L to ug'{ k5{ . ;d'bfonfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf /fxt

;fdu|Lx¿sf] cfjZostf kg{ ;S5 h;dWo] s]lx lgDg pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\MM

• vf; u/L ue{jtL dlxnf, ;'Ts]/L dlxnf, jfn, a[4 tyf cGo czSt JolQmx¿nfO{cfsl:ds ¿kdf vfnL ug'{ kbf{ rflxg] 8'+uf tyf cGo ;fdu|Lx¿

• lj:yflktx¿nfO{ a:gsf] nflu 6]06, Nkfli6s l;6, cflb

• cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] nflu rflxg] cf}iflw tyf cGo ;fdu|Lx¿

• clt hf]lvddf k/]sfx¿sf] nflu vfBfGg

• vfgf ksfpg] ef“8f at{g tyf :6f]e, cflb

• vfgf ksfpg tyf pHofnf]sf] nflu O{Gwg, nfnl6g, 6r{, a]6/L, ;'s]sf bfp/f, d§Lt]n,Pn=kL=hL= Uof;, cflb

• cfktsfndf ;+rf/, ;"rgf ;+k|]if0f tyf ;+hfnsf] tof/L ug]{ . h:t}M xft] dfOs, ;]nkmf]g, cflb .

:jo+ aGbf]j:t ug{ ;Sg]x¿sf nflu klg ;ldltn] o; k|sf/sf] tof/Lsf] nflu

tfnLdsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 . cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿sf] s;/L plrt e08f/0f ug]{ ljifodf

;d'bfosf dlxnf ;b:ox¿nfO{ o; k|sf/sf] tfnLd k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 .

gt ;d'bfosf ;a} dflg;nfO{ /fxtsf] cfjZostf k5{, gt pknAw /fxt ;fdu|L

;d'bfosf ;a}hgfnfO{ k'¥ofpg ;lsG5, ;ldltn] o; s'/fdf larf/ k'¥ofpg' k5{ . ;d'bfosf

s]lx JolQmx¿nfO{ /fxtsf] a9L cfjZostf ePsf] x'G5 . o;}n] ;a}eGbf a9L k|efljtnfO{

klxn] ;xof]u k''¥ofpg' k5{ . o;}n] ;d'bfodf s;n] cfkm} aGbf]j:t ug{ ;S5g\ / s;nfO{

/fxtsf] cfjZostf k5{ eGg] laifodf cu|Ld 5nkmn u/L to ug'{k5{ . o;n] ubf{


14

;d'bfonfO{ cfktsfnsf] a]nf slt /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] hf]xf] ug'{kg]{ xf] eGg] yfxf kfpg ;lsG5.

#=!=& k|bz{gx¿

af9Lsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{ ;do ;dodf k|bz{gLsf]

cfof]hgf ug'{ k5{ . o; k|sf/sf] k|bz{gL ubf{ af9Lsf] ;dodf cfcfkm\gf] a:tLaf6 ufp“sf]

pRr tyf ;'/lIft efu lt/ efUg] af6f]] lrGx nufPsf] x'g' k5{ / To;} af6f] x'+b} efu]sf]

k|bz{gL ul/G5 . o;df :yflgo af;LGbfx¿sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf u/fOPdf af9Lsf] ;dodf

;+o'Qm k|of;af6 s;/L af9LnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f plgx¿nfO{ :ki6 kfg{

;lsG5 .

#=!=* eljiosf] nflu ;"rgfsf] Joj:yfkg

ljutsf af9L /fxt sfo{qmdx¿ w]/}h;f] cJojl:yt ePsf] u'gf;fx¿ ;'lgG5 .

clwsf+z /fxt ljt/0f ug]{ ;+:yfx¿ ;d'bfodf af9Ln] hgwgsf] Iflt k'¥ofPkl5 dfq k'Ug]

u/]sf x'G5g\ . olb ljutdf ul/Psf sfdx¿sf] /fd|f tyf g/fd|f kIfx¿sf] ;"rgf pknAw

ePdf kl5 ul/g] /fxt tyf p4f/sf sfdx¿df To; k|sf/sf] sdhf]/L gbf]xf]¥ofO{ Jojl:yt

t/Lsfn] ug{ ;lsG5 . ;ldltn] o;k|sf/sf] ;"rgfx¿ /fVg] k|rng u/]df p;sf] Pp6f

1fgsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

;ldltn] ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿sf] d2taf6 af9Lsf] eljioaf0fL tyf ;r]t u/fpg]

;"rgfx¿, af9Lsf] tof/L ;DalGw ;"rgfx¿, jfnL Joj:yfkg ;DalGw ;"rgfx¿, af9Lsf]

ljleGg cj:yfx¿sf] ;"rgfx¿ cflb ;+sng u/L /fVg' k5{ . s'g} Pp6f af9Ln] k'¥ofPsf]

Iflt tyf gf]S;fg, 8'afgsf] ulx/fO{ tyf cjlw cflb ;"rgfx¿ eljiosf] tof/L of]hgfsf]

nflu ctL dxTjk"0f{ x'g ;S5g\ . ;ldltn] ljutdf cfPsf af9Lx¿ tyf k'¥ofPsf] Iflt

tyf k|ltlqmof :j¿k ;ldltn] u/]sf lqmofsnfk ;DalGw ljj/0fx¿ ;+sng u/L To;sf]

clen]v /fVg] ug'{k5{ . o; k|sf/sf ;"rgfx¿sf] ljj/0f eljiosf] k|of]hgsf]] nfuL tyf

;'/lIft /fVg :yflgo k|zf;g sfof{nox¿df ;d]t k7fpg] Joj:yf u/]df /fd|f] x'G5 .

15


#=!=( ;|f]t kl/rfng

;ldltn] ug]{ sfdx¿sf] nflu s]lx dfqfdf /sdsf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'+bf ;ldltsf]

;fydf s]lx /sd /x]sf] x'g' k5{ . o;sf] nfuL ;ldltsf] Pp6f cfkm\gf] sf]if x'g' k5{ . o;

k|sf/sf] sf]ifdf :yflgo af;LGbfx¿sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf cfjZos x'G5 . :yflgo af;LGbfx¿sf]

ul/aLsf] sf/0f pgLx¿n] sf]ifsf] k'/} /sd hDdf ug{ g;Sg] ePsf]n] s/La @) k|ltzt

/sd gub jf lhG;Lsf] ¿kdf ;xeflutf ug'{ k5{ / af+ls *) k|ltzt /sd ;/sf/L

sf]ifaf6 k|fKt ug'{ k5{ . gub jf lhG;L ;xeflutf ug{ g;Sg] clt u/La ju{n] af9L

kZrftsf] dd{t sfo{df >dbfgsf] ¿kdf cfkm\gf] ;xeflutf lbg ;S5g\ . ef/tdf cfos/

sfg"g sf] lgod 80(G) cg';f/ rGbf ;+sng u/]/ klg o; k|sf/sf] sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug]{

ul/G5 . ;ldltn] o; k|sf/ sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] tyf vr{ ePsf] /sdsf]] lgodfg';f/

cl86 u/fpg' k5{ .

#=@ af9L cfp“bfsf] k|ltlqmof

af9L cfpg' k"j{ of]hgf ul/P cg';f/ af9L cfp+bfsf] ;dodf tyf af9L kZrft

sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog ul/g' k5{ . af9Lu|:t If]qsf af;LGbfx¿n] af9Lsf tLgj6} r/0fx¿df

JolQmut tj/n] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;+u7Lt lqmofsnfksf] cefjdf kfOn6 of]hgf cfpg'

eGbf klxn] ;d'bfosf w]/}h;f] sfdx¿ c:tJo:t ¿kdf /x]sf lyP . olb ;d'bfodf

l5/lnP/ /x]sf oL sfdx¿nfO{ ;dGjofTds t/Lsfn] ;r]tgf, tfnLd tyf ;+hfnsf]dfWodaf6 ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clea[l4 u/L ug]{ xf]] eg] ;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg cjwf/0ffnfO{

cem k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 . o; cjwf/0ffsf d"Vo tTjx¿ tn pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ .

#=@=! af9L k"j{sf] k|ltlqmofx¿

-s_ ;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldlt txaf6 ug]{ k|ltlqmofx¿

af9Lsf] df};d glhlsb} hf“bf s'g ultn] af9L] ljsl;t eO /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f hfGg

;ldltn] lgoldt ¿kdf af9L ;ts{tf ;DalGw lqmofsnfkx¿ ul//xg' k5{ . o; k|sf/

k|fKt ;"rgfx¿sf] cfwf/df ;ldltn] af9Lsf] eljiojf0fL u/L ;d'bfosf af;LGbfx¿nfO{


16

;ts{ u/fO /xg ;S5 . ;ldltn] lgoldt ¿kdf s'g} ¿v jf ljh'nLsf] vDafdf kfgLsf]

;txsf] lgu/fgL /fvL ;f]lx cg'¿k af9Lsf] cj:yfaf/] ;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ af9Lsf]

cfufdL cj:yf cg';f/ dflg;x¿nfO{ kl/rfng ug'{ k5{ . o;k|sf/ tof/ u/LPsf ;"rgfx¿

eljiodf cfpg] af9L;+u k|ltlqmof ug{ lgs} pkof]uL x'G5g\ .

af9Lsf] eljioaf0fL ul/;s]kl5 ljleGg ;d'bfox¿nfO{ af9Lsf] lta|tfsf] cfwf/df

;r]t u/fpg' k5{ . ljleGg ;d'bfodf af9Lsf] lta|tf km/s km/s x'g] x'“bf s'g ;d'bfo n]s:tf] lqmofsnfk ug]{ eGg] laifodf ;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t u/fO{ /fVg' k5{ . o; k|sf/sf]

k|ltlqmofx¿ h:t}M tof/ eO /fVg], cfcfkm\gf d"Nojfg ;fdfgx¿ tyf cGo ;fdfgx¿

pRr 7fp“df nu]/ /fVg], a:tL vfnL ug{ tof/ /xg], vfnL ug]{ tyf /fxt SofDkx¿df uP/a:g] cflb x'g ;S5g\ .

;ldltn] af9Lsf] lgu/fgL /fVg] ;d'xsf] s'g} ;b:onfO{ af9Lsf] ;"rgf ;+sng ug{tyf ;d'bfonfO{ af9Laf6 ;ts{ /xgsf] nflu ;r]t u/fpg rog ug'{' k5{ . ;d'bfonfO{

af9Laf6 ;r]t u/fpg] ljleGg pkfox¿ x'g ;S5g\ tL dWo] s]lx tn lbOP adf]lhd ug{

;lsG5 .

• ;d'bfosf] ;a} 7fp“af6 b]lvg] v'nf 7fp“df, af“;sf] vDafdf jf s'g} ¿vdf ljleGg

/Ësf em08fx¿ b]vfP/ . em08fsf] s'g /Ësf] s] cy{ x'G5 eGg] s'/f tof/Lsf] cj:yfdfcyjf k|bz{gLsf] a]nfdf ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ /fVg' k5{ .

• Ps JolQmaf6 csf]{ JolQm ;Dd ;"rgf k'¥ofP/ jf gbLsf] dflyNnf] efudf af9Lsf]

;"rgf lbg] JolQm dfkm{t ;d'bfonfO{ af9Laf6 ;r]t u/fpg ;lsG5 .

• 9f]ns ahfP/ dflg; hDdf ePkl5 af9Lsf] ;"rgf lbg] .

• nfp8 :kLs/÷d]ufkmf]gsf] k|of]u u/]/ .

• :yflgo Pkm\=Pd\=/]l8of] af6 ;"rgf k|;f/0f u/L, ;Dej ePdf ;]nkmf]g, jfls6fsL,

eL=Pr=Pkm= ;]6sf] k|of]u u/]/ .

af9Lsf] ;"rgf w]/} eGbf w]/} k|efljt hg;d'bfo;Dd k'uf]; eGg] x]t'n] ;se/ dfyL

pNn]v u/LPsf ;a} jf s]lx pkfox¿af6 ;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg' k5{ . o; k|sf/sf];"rgf Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQm ;Dd df}lvs ¿kdf k'¥ofpg klg ;S5g\ .

17


;d'bfonfO{ af9Laf6 ;r]t /xg] ;"rgf lbO;s]kl5 ;ldltn] aflx/L ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿nfO{

klg cfjZos /fxt tyf ;xof]usf] nflu cg'/f]w ug'{k5{ .

af9L cfpg] s'/f lglZrt eO{ ;s]kl5 o;sf] k|lts'n c;/ sd ug{ ;d'bfon]] lgDgpNn]lvt lqmofsnfkx¿ ug'{ k5{ .

• ;fd'bflos af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ ;lqmo u/fpg] -cg';'rL–!_ . olb o; k|sf/sf]

;ldlt cl:tTjdf 5}g eg] u7g ug]{ tyf ;b:ox¿nfO{ clwsf/÷st{Jo k|Tofof]hgug]{ jf sfo{bn agfpg] .

• ;d'bfodf /x]sf u/La, pTkLl8t, dlxnf, afns, a[4 cflb sf] cfjZostf t'¿Gt}

klxrfg ug]{ . o;sf] cfwf/df vfnL ug]{, k'g:yf{kg ug]{, af9Lsf] hf]lvddf /x]sfx¿nfO{/fxtsf] Joj:yf ug]{, ;kmf vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug]{, zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf tyf cGo

cfjZos Joj:yf cflbsf] of]hgf t'¿Gt} agfpg] .

• lzlj/ agfpg, ;d'bfosf] pRr efudf cjl:yt :yfgsf] rog ug]{ . o; k|sf/ :yfg

rog ubf{ ;d'bfoaf6 pQm :yfgsf] kx'“r, cjl:ylt, Ifdtf, ;'ljwf cflb s'/fdf ljrf/k'¥ofpg' k5{ . ;d'bfodf /x]sf ljBfno, ;fd'bflos ejgx¿ cflbdf lzlj/ agfpg

o:tf ;'ljwfx¿ af9Lsf] cjlwe/ ;ldltn] k|of]u ug]{ ljifodf k"j{ tof/L ug'{k5{ .

• ;ldltn] o; k|sf/sf lzlj/x¿;Dd k'Ug] ;fwg, ;'/lIft af6f] cflbsf] of]hgf tof/ug'{k5{ . o;af/]df ;ldltn] ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿;+u 5nkmn u/L o; ljifodf pgLx¿nfO{

hfgsf/L lbg'k5{ .

• ;ldltn] jfn, a[4, ue{jtL÷;'Ts]/L dlxnf, czQm tyf la/fdL dflg;x¿nfO{ k|fyldstfsf]

cfwf/df p4f/ ug{sf] nflu cfkm\gf] dftxtdf kof{Kt dfqfdf rfn" cj:yfdf /x]sf8'+ufsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• of]hgf ul/P adf]lhdsf /fxt lzlj/x¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{ -s_ rog ul/Psf] :yfgsf]

;kmfO ug]{ -v_ w]/} hgfnfO{ vfgf ksfpg ldNg] ef“8fx¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{ -u_ gof“6\o"aj]nsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ jf eO/x]sfnfO{ af9Lsf] kfgLn] g8'afpg] ;tx;Dd pRr

agfO /fVg] -cg';"rL–@_ -3_ ;'Ts]/L dlxnf, aRrfx¿, tyf lszf]/Lx¿sf] :jf:Yok/LIf0fsf] nflu, cf}iflw tyf vfBfGg e+8f/0fsf] nflu tyf ljleGg OGwg e+8f/0fsf]

nflu 5'§} sf]7fx¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .


18

• gbLsf] t6aGwx¿sf] nuftf/ lgu/fgL /fVg] tyf olb o;df s'g} lsl;dsf] Iflt x'g]

;Defjgf b]lvPdf ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] . t6aGwnfO{ s6fgaf6 arfpg o;sf] 5]pdf

ljleGg k|sf/sf ¿v nufpg ;lsG5 . d";f jf df6f]df Kjfn kfg]{ o:t} cGo k|f0fLx¿af6t6aGwsf] :yfloTjdf c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n] o:sf] klg lgu/fgL /fVg' k5{ .

• cfjZostf ePdf ;ldltsf] cu|;/tfdf af“; jf s]/fsf yfdx¿sf] k|of]u u/L] t}l/g]

ljof8x¿-Floating Plateforms_ sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ k5{ .

df5f tyf t/sf/L sNr/sf] Joj:yf

• sd vr{sf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k|of]u u/L df5fsf] nfuL lk+h8f agfpg], df5fsf e'/f;+sng ug]{ tyf lk+h8fdf dT:okfng Joj;fo ug]{ . -o;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f aËnfb]zn]

agfPsf] k'l:tsfdf lbOPsf] 5_

• af9Lsf] kfgLn] df5f aufpgaf6 hf]ufpg kf]v/Ldf hfnLsf] k|of]u jf kf]v/Lsf] l8n

pRr agfP/ æk]g sNr/Æ ug]{ .

• hns'DeL kfOg] 7fp“df o;sf w]/} txx¿ ldnfO{ t}l/Psf] ljof8 lgdf{0f u/L t/sf/Lpdfg{ ;lsG5 .

• kfgLdf kmNg] kmnx¿ h:t} dvgf / l;+38f af6 cfo cfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 .

• af9Lsf] a]nf ;d'bfodf /x]sf ;'Vvf kf]v/Ldf klg kfgL el/g] x'“bf o; k|sf/sf

kf]v/Lx¿ klxrfg u/L kLwdf y'lk|Psf] afn'jf x6fP/ o;sf] l8n pRr agfO{ rf/}lt/af6

hfnLn] 3]/]/ df5fkfng klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

• t6Lo If]qdf kfgLdf sDkf6{d]06 agfP/ hnLo jftfj/0fdf ug{ ;lsg] ljljw ultljlwx¿ug{ ;lsG5 .

af9Lsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 jfnLsf] 5gf}6, a}slNks Joj:yf, kz'kfng tyf s'v'/fkfngsf] tof/L

• s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf jf ;fd'bfoLs af9L Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;d'bfosf]txdf af9Lsf] ;dodf s[lifsfo{sf] tof/Lsf] cj;/ Go"g /xg hfG5 . ;d'bfosf

dflg;x¿sf] ;femf rf;f]sf] ljifodf ;ldltn] ;xsfo{sf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfosf] kz'wg,

19


s[lif cf}hf/, k|of]u gePsf] dn tyf ljpm cflbsf] ;'/Iff ug{ lgDg lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{

dgfpg ;S5 .

• af9Lsf] ;dodf s[lifdn, aLpm, s[lif cf}hf/ cflbnfO{ ;femf uf]bfddf /fVg] Joj:yfldnfpg]

• ;femf uf]bfddf /flvPsf j:t'x¿df kfgLn] gkvflng] d;Ln] gfd, lrGxsf] 6\ofunufO{ /fVg' k5{ .

• rf]/L cyjf unt k|of]unfO{ /f]Sgsf] nfuL o:tf uf]bfdx¿df ;+u7Lt ¿kdf lgu/fgL/fVg] Joj:yf ug{' k5{ .

;'/Iff Joj:yf tyf :jf:Yo l:ylt sfod /fVg tof/L ug]{• /fxt lzlj/x¿df zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod u/L ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ :jo+;]jsx¿sf]

sfo{bn u7g u/L lqmoflzn u/fpg] .

• emf8f kvfnfsf] dxfdf/L lgoGq0f ug{ tof/L /xg] .

• emf8f kvfnf km}lng uPdf /f]syfdsf] nflu k'gh{lno kfp8/sf] Kofs]6x¿sf] aGbf]j:tul//fVg]- cg';"rL–#_

• /sdsf] cefjn] Kofs]6 v/Lb ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf sd vr{df ;xeflutfaf6klg hLjghn agfpg ;lsG5 . cg';"rL–$ df a0f{g ul/P cg';f/ cfktsfnsf] nflu

s/La #))–$)) Kofs]6 hLjghn agfO{ ;'Vvf tyf rL;f] 7fp“df /fVg' k5{ .

-v_ JolQmut txaf6 ug{'kg]{] k|ltlqmofx¿;ldlt;+u ;/;Nnfx u/L af9L k|efljt If]qsf af;LGbfx¿n] klg cfcfkm\gf] txaf6

ljleGg sfo{x¿ ug{ ;S5g\ . o;/L JolQmut txaf6 ul/g] sfo{x¿ eg] JolQmsf] Ifdtfdf

lge{/ x'G5 . t/ klg ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿n] cfcfkm\gf] txaf6 s]lx g s]lx sfo{x¿ ul/;ldltsf] sfo{df ;xefuL x'g' k5{ . JolQmut txaf6 ul/g] s]lx sfo{x¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

• ;d'bfodf af9L ;DalGw pknJw ;"rgfx¿ ;DaGwdf ;bf ;hu /xg]

• ;Dej eP;Dd cfkm\gf] 3/sf] lk+9Lsf] prfO{ a9fP/ agfpg]

• 3/sf sdhf]/ w'/L vf“afx¿ abnL ug]{

• ufOj:t'sf] uf]7sf] ;txsf] prfO{ a9fpg]


20

• af9Lsf] ;"rgf k|fKt x'g' cufj} 6\o"j]nsf] ;tx a9fpg] tyf gof“ 6\o"j]nsf] nflu kfOksf]Joj:yf u/L /fVg]

• ;'Vvf vfg]s'/fx¿ h:t} lrp/f, d'8L, bfndf]]7 cflb, OGwg -d§Lt]n, bfp/f_, j:t'efpsf]bfgf, cfkm\gf ax'd"No ;fdfgx¿ cflb ;fdfgx¿ ;'/lIft /fVg cfkm\gf] 3/df cUnf]7fp“ tof/ u/L /fVg]

• kl/jf/sf] cfkm\gf] 8'+uf ePdf To;nfO{ dd{t u/L ;kmf /fVg] .

• ;k{sf] 6f]sfOaf6 aRg, cf}ifwL k;naf6 NofP/ 3/sf] b}nf] jf em\ofnsf] glhssfaf]{lns Pl;8sf af]tnx¿ /fVg]

• rkL{sf] ;txsf] prfO a9fpg] / 3/af6 rkL{;Dd cfpg hfg ;f+3'sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .-a+Ënfb]zdf o;nfO{ ;f+sf] elgG5 _

• 3/sf] 5t÷l;lnËdf Pp6f 6f]s/L em'08fP/ To;df lhjghnsf Kofs]6x¿, kfgL z'4 kfg]{rSsLx¿, g'g, rLgL, k|Fylds pkrf/sf ;fdfgx¿ cflb /fVg'k5{ .

• s]/fsf yfdx¿ hDdf u/L /fkm\6 -8+'uf_ agfO{ /fVg]

• Ps 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df ;fg{ ldNg] df6f]sf r'Nxfx¿ agfO{ /fVg]

• lk+h8fdf df5f kfng tyf t}l/Psf Jof8df t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ ;+:sf/ a;fpg]

• slxn] 3/ vfnL ug]{, sxf“ hfg], s;/L hfg]- oftfoftsf] ;fwg_, ;fydf s] s] s'/f n}hfg]/ 3/d} s] s] s'/f 5f]8\g], 3/sf] /]vb]v ug{ sf] a:g] cflb h:tf /0fgLlts laifodf lg0f{oln+bf ;ldlt;+u ;xsfo{ ug]{

• v]taf/Ldf /x]sf] s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ arfpg] . o;sf] nflu ljleGg b]zdf ljleGg pkfox¿x'g ;S5g\ h:t}M jf9Ln] gi6 ug{ ;Sg] t/sf/L, kfn'Ëf], ds} h:tf jfnLx¿nfO{ gkfSb}sf6\g] / kl5 jf9L uO;s]kl5 k|of]u ug]{ .

• jf9Lkl5 rflxg] jLpsf] nflu wfg, ux'“, ds}, sf]bf], bfn h:tf jfnLsf] clxn]b]lvg} jLphf]ufP/ /fVg] .

• ;Dej eP;Dd af9L gk'Ug] 7fp“+df ljof8 agfP/ /fVg] . o;sf] nflu ;fd'lxs ¿kdfjLpx¿ vl/b ug{ ;lsG5 .

• af9Lsf] vt/f ePsf] cfkm\gf] lghL kf]v/Lsf] l8nnfO{ cUnf] agfP/ /fVg] . o;n] ubf{kf]v/Lsf df5f efUg kfp“b}gg\ . olb o:tf] ug{ ;ls+b}g eg] sd;]sd cfkm\gf] kf]v/Lsf]jl/k/L hfnL /fv]/ 3]g'{k5{ .

21


• olb dflysf b'j} pkfo ug{ ;lsPg eg] df5fsf e'/fnfO{ g} ;dfP/ a]Rg'k5{ . o;af6 s]xL/sd eP klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

• jLpsf ef“8fx¿ 3/sf] 5fgf, ¿vsf] 6'Kkf] jf cfkm\gf s'g} gft]bf/sxf“ /fVg ;lsG5 h:sf]3/ cUnf] 7fp“df cjl:yt 5 .

• df6f]] y'kf/]/ l9:sf] agfP/ t/sf/L v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 af9Ln] cfkm\gf] v]tLnfO{ ug]{gf]S;fg sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

• a'9f / sdhf]/ ¿vnfO{ sf6]/ km\of“Sg' k5{ . o;n] ubf{ af9L cfp“bf o:tf ¿vx¿pv]lnP/ k'Ug;Sg] hgwgsf] Iflt sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

#=@=@= af9Lsf] a]nfdf ug'{kg]{ k|ltlqmof

-s_ af9LnfO{ ;xg]

af9L cfPsf a]nfdf xfdLn] lgDg b'O{ s'/f ug{ ;S5f}+!= cfkm\gf] 3/d} a;]/ af9LnfO{ ;xg]@= cfkm\gf] 3/ 5f]8]/ s'g} ;'/lIft 7fp“df uP/ a:g]

af9LnfO{ ;xg' jf:tjd} ufx|f] x'G5 . w]/}h;f] ul/a kl/jf/x¿ aflx/ hfg] em0em6tyf rf]/Lsf] 8/n] cfkm\gf] 3/d} jf 5fgfdf a:g] ub{5g\ . o;f] ubf{ clwsf+z pgLx¿

;k{sf] 6f]sfO{df kg]{ jf 8'Ag] 8/ x'G5 . af9Laf6 efUg] jf ;'/lIft 7fp“df uP/ a:g] eGg]s'/f klg o:tf] 7fp“sf] pknAwtfdf lge{/ x'G5, h'g ;ldltn] pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .

af9Ln] dlSsPsf] 3/df a:g], 3/sf] 5fgfdf j:g] jf cfkm\gf lgs6td l5d]lssxf“ af;

a:g hfg] eGg] s'/f kl/jf/ txsf] k|ltlqmof leq kg{ cfp“5 eg] c:yfoL ¿kdf lzlj/x¿dfa:g hfg] eGg] s'/f ;d'bfo txsf] k|ltlqmof leq kg{ cfp“5 .

t/ klg ;ldltsf] ;xof]udf bz aif{ d'lgsf aRrfx¿, ;f7L aif{ dfyLsf a[4x¿,

lszf]/Lx¿, ue{jtL dlxnfx¿, ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx¿, k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ;'/lIft :yfgx¿h:t} lzlj/x¿ jf cfkmGtsxf“ uP/ a;]df /fd|f] x'G5 .

;ldltn] ¿vsf xf“ufdf /+uLg lrGxx¿ /fv]/ ;a}nfO{ yfxf x'g] u/L l56f] tyf;'/lIft efUg] af6f]sf] /]vfÍg ug''{ k5{ .


22

3/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug]{

• af9Laf6 k|efljt x'g ;Sg] 3/x¿df ;fg{ ldNg] ls;Ldsf] drfgx¿ agfP/ 8'jfgaf6

ljlu|g;Sg] ;fdu|Lx¿ To;dfyL /fVg'k5{ .

• afof] Ol~hlgol/Ë ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 3/sf] jl/kl/ af“; jf o:t} cGo ;fdu|Lx¿sf]k|of]u u/L 3/nfO{ af9Lsf] kfgLsf] a]uaf6 arfpg ;lsG5 .

vfg]s'/f tyf kfgLsf] e08f/0f

• af9Ln] ljufg{;Sg] vfg]s'/f, vfgf ksfpg] OGwg, cflb af9Lsf] kfgLaf6 arfO{/fVg3/sf] 5tdf em'08fP/ jf drfg agfP/ ;'/lIft /fVg' k5{ .

• 6\o"j]nsf] kfgL ;'/lIft ePdf k|of]u ug'{k5{+ . olb kfgL b'lift ePdf cg'';"rL–%df

a0f{g ul/Psf] ljlwaf6 o;nfO{ z'4 kf/L lkpg] ug'{k5{+ .

kf]ifs vfgfsf] kl/k"lt{

• :yflgo ¿kdf pknAw t/sf/L / ;fukft vfg'k5{ .

• tof/L ¿kdf ePsf] ;'Vvf vfg]s'/f vfg'k5{ . ;fy} z/L/df kfgLsf]] sdL x'g glbg

cfjZos dfqfdf kfgL lkpg'k5{ .

• clws zlQmsf] nflu Un"sf]h / cGo k]o kbfy{ lkpg] ug'{k5{ .

:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ sfod ug]{

• cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf k|To]s ;b:osf] :jf:Yosf] /fd|f] x]/ljrf/ /fVg'k5{ . olb sf]xL

lj/fdL k/]df p;nfO{ glhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sL jf c:ktfndf k'¥ofpg' k5{ .

• ufO{j:t' cflbnfO{ rflxPhlt bfgfkfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• jf9Lsf] v'nf kfgLdf lb;flk;fa ug{x'b}g . ;/;kmfOsf nflu ;s];Dd rkL{sf] k|of]u

ug'{k5{ .

• cfkm\gf] lghL rkL{nfO{ cln p7fP/ agfpg'k5{ . o;n] ubf{ af9Lsf] kfgLn] o;nfO{ 8'afpg]

vt/f sd eP/ hfG5 .

23


• cfkm\gf] 3/ / rkL{nfO{ af“;sf] ;f“3'n] hf]8\g'k5{ .

• emf8fkvfnfsf] k|sf]k cfPdf ;s];Dd hLjghn / g;s] g'g lrgL kfgLsf] k|of]u ug'{k5{

. cfjZos k/]df lj/fdLnfO{ glhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sL jf c:ktfndf k'¥ofpg' k5{ .

• ljR5Ln] 8;]df lj/fdLnfO{ Pl:k|g lbg'k5{ . olb ;lsG5 eg] 8;]sf] 7fp“df a/kmsf l9Ssf

/fVg'k5{ . To:t} 6f]sfOsf] c;/nfO{ sd ug{ SoflN;od rSsL jf c08fsf af]qmfsf] w"nf]

agfO To;sf] n]k nufOlbg'k5{ .

• ;k{sf] 8;fOaf6 aRg 3/sf] em\ofn / b}nf]sf] jl/kl/ sfaf]{lns Pl;8sf af]tnx¿ lasf]{

vf]n]/ /fVg'k5{ . o:tf af]tnnfO{ ;se/ s]6fs]6Ln] gk'Ug] 7fp“df /fVg'k5{ .

• lem+ufsf] k|sf]kaf6 aRg vfgf ksfpg] / vfg] 7fp“sf] jl/k/L 8]N6fd]6'l/g / k/dfyl/gh:tf cf}iflwx¿ /fVg'k5{ .

s[lif pTkfbgsf] ;'/Iff

• af9Lsf] kfgL 36\b} hf“bf df6f] sdnf] x'g] x'gfn] kmnkm"nsf ¿vx¿ 9Ng] ;Defjgf

x'G5 . To;}n] kmnkm"nsf ¿vnfO{ af“;sf] 6]sf] lbP/ c8\ofpg] ug'{k5{ . To:t}, ¿vaf6

kmnkm"n l6Kg] / ¿vsf xf“ufla+uf sf6]/ klg ¿vnfO{ arfpg] ug{ ;lsG5 . o;

ljifodf glhs}sf] s[lif jf jg sfof{nodf uP/ hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . df6f] ;'ls;s]kl5

¿vx¿nfO{ dnhn u/]/ /fd|f] agfpg ;lsG5 .

• cfkm\gf] s/];faf/Ldf l56f] pd|g] t/sf/L v]tL u/]/ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/nfO{ rflxg] kf}li6s

tTj pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

• olb af9Lsf] kfgL 36\g l9nf] u/]df af“sL dlxgfsf] nflu :yflgo ljsNksf] k|of]u u/L

hldgsf] ;s];Dd pkof]u ug'{k5{ .

• df5fx¿n] ;'/lIft dx;'; u¿g\ / kf]v/L 5f]8]/ gefu'g\ eg]/ kf]v/Ldf ¿vsf

xf“ufx¿ kmfNg'k5{ .

• ufO{j:t' cflbnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVgsf] nflu drfg jf 8'+ufdf /fVg'k5{ .

• ufO{j:t'nfO{ b}lgs ¿kdf bfgfkfgL lbO/fVg'k5{ .


24

• cfkm\gf] ufO{j:t'sf] :jf:Yo l:yltsf] jf/]df jf/Djf/ hfgsf/L /flv/fVg'k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{

glhs}sf] e]6g/Ldf nu]/ cf}iflw, vf]k, cflb lbO/fVg'k5{ .

cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ sfod ug]{

• g8'a]sf 3/x¿nfO{ hf]]8\g dfly pNn]v ul/Psf]h:t} c:yfoL af“;sf] k'n lgdf{0f ug]{ .

• ;Dej eP;Dd ;+rf/ sfod /fVg / ljz]ifu/L /f]uL / a"9fa'9Lx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf

nUgsf] nflu Pp6f rnfpg ;lhnf] 8'+uf /fVg'k5{ .

• 8'jfg ePsf 7fp“df n¶Lx¿ /fv]/ ;'/lIft af6f] b]vfpg'k5{ . o;n] ubf{ b'3{6gfjzulx/f] vf8n / kf]v/Ldf v;]/ 8'Ag] vt/f sd x'G5 .

• cfly{s l:yltn] EofPdf lj/fdLx¿nfO{ cfjZos k/]sf] v08df 6f9f6f9fsf] c:ktfndfk'¥ofpg, :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿;+u ;Dks{ /fVg / cfsl:ds ¿kdf rflxg];fdfg cf];f/k;f/ ug{ Pp6f OlGhg ePsf] kmfOj/Unf;sf] 8'+uf vl/b ug'{k5{ . af9Lcfpg'eGbf klxn] o:tf 8'+ufsf] OlGhg cflbsf] /fd|/L lg/LIf0f / dd{t;Def/ ug'{k5{ .

;+rf/ sfod ug]{

• af9L;DjGwL ;dfrf/sf] ;"rgf lbgsf] nflu :yflgo k|zf;g / ;/sf/L lgsfox¿;“u;+rf/ ;DaGw sfod ul//fVg'k5{ . l5d]sL ufp“ / :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfo;“u ;+rf/ sfod

/fv]df af9L;DaGwL ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . of] ;a} sfd ;ldltn] ug'{k5{ .

v= af9Laf6 ar]/ efUg]

c:yfoL lzlj/ agfpg]

• ;ldltn] tof/ ul/;s]sf] of]hgf / sfo{qmdnfO{ sfo{:t/df ptfg'{k5{ .

• af9L w]/} cfO/fVg] 7fp“df Pp6f cUnf] 7fp“sf] rog u/L w]/} k|of]hgdf cfpg ;Sg]

lzlj/ agfpg :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿nfO{ ;xdt u/fpg ;lsG5 . o;sf] ejgnfO{af9L gcfPsf] a]nfdf cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t} cUnf]

7fp“df /x]sf :s"nsf ejg / cGo ejgnfO{ klg af9L cfPsf a]nfdf lzlj/sf] ¿kdfpkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

25


• olb lzlj/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] pko'Qm ejgsf] cefj ePdf / nuftf/ kfgL

gkl//x]sf] eP c:yfoL ¿kdf kfnx¿ agfP/ klg dflg;x¿nfO{ a:g] 7fp“sf] Joj:yf

ug'{k5{ . o:tf kfnx¿ agfpg :yflgo k|zf;gsf] ;xof]u lnP/ klxNo} Knfli6s, af“;

cflbsf] e08f/0f ug'{k5{ . o;/L e08f/0f ul/Psf kfnx¿nfO{ kl5 af9L cfPsf]

a]nfdf :yflgojf;Lx¿sf] aLrdf ljt/0f ug'{k5{ .

• :yflgo o'jf / :sfp6x¿nfO{ c:yfoL kfn agfpg] tflnd lbg'k5{ .

• af9L cfPsf a]nfdf rflxg] 7fp“sf] cWoog ug]{ / cfjZos k/]df cGo 7fp“sf] klg

klxrfg ug'{k5{ .

• 3/cf“ugsf] ;/;kmfO ug'{k5{ / dlxnfx¿sf] nflu 5'§} sf]7fsf] klg Joj:yf

ug'{k5{ .

• ksfpg] ef“8f / r'Nxf] sxf“ /fVg] eg]/ klxNo} g} ljrf/ ug'{k5{ .

• cfkm\gf] Ifdtfn] EofPdf cfkm"nfO{ rflxg]hlt rkL{ lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . rkL{x¿ slxn]

slxn] ;kmf ug]{ eg]/ lbg klg tf]Sg'k5{ .

• cfjZostf cg';f/ :yflgo :jf:Yo sfo{stf{nfO{ ;Dks{ u/]/ p4f/ ul/Psfsf] :jf:Yo

hf“rsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• cf}iflw, vfg]s'/f, lstfasfkL, OGwg cflbsf] nflu 5'§} 7fp“sf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• lj/fdL hf“Rg], cfdfx¿sf] nflu aRrfnfO{ b"w r';fpg] / lszf]/L s]6Lx¿nfO{ 5'§}

sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• lzlj/df /x]sf] a]nfdf cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] ;/;fdfgsf] nflu :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfo,

Pg=hL=cf]= cflbnfO{ ;Dks{ ug'{k5{ .

• xKt}lkR5] rflxg] ;/;fdfgsf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ / tL ;fdfgnfO{ k|fKt ug{ kxn

ug'{k5{ . To:tf ;fdfgsf] k|of]u / cfk"lt{sf] /]s8{ /fVg 5'§} rf6{ / sfkLsf] Joj:yf

ug'{k5{ .

• ;Dej ePdf lzlj/df ;fd'bflos efG;fsf]7fsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .


26

kfnx¿df z/0f lng]

• af6f] jf 8'+ufsf] dfWodaf6 ;lhn} k'Ug ;lsg] v'nf 7fp“df uPsf dflg;x¿nfO{ c:yfoLkfn agfpg ;xof]u ug]{ . o:tf c:yfoL kfnnfO{ af9L lzlj/ eGg ;lsG5 .

• ;ldltn] Joj:yfkg ug]{u/L ;s];Dd w]/} kfndf c:yfoL c:ktfn agfpg'k5{ . o:tfc:yfoL c:ktfnsf] Joj:yfkgdf :yflgo :jf:Yo sfo{stf{sf] ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 .

• kfnx¿sf] jl/kl/ rflxg]hlt ;/;kmfO{ / kmf]xf]/d}nf kmfNg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

• rflxg]hlt rkL{x¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{ / tL rkL{x¿sf] lgoldt ¿kdf ;/;kmfO{ ug]{Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

• lj/fdLx¿sf] pkrf/ ug{ cfdfx¿n] aRrfnfO{ b"w r';fpg / cGo dlxnfsf] nflueg]/ 5'§} kfnsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• vfg]s'/f, OGwg, cf}iflw / cGo jx'd"No ;fdfgx¿sf] e08f/0fsf] nflu 5'§} kfnsf]Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• lzlj/sf] jl/kl/ ;fd'bflos ¿kdf g'xfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

Eff}lts ¿kdf af9L lzlj/x¿df :yfgfGt/0f

• af9Ldf km“;]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ af9L lzlj/x¿df :yfgfGt/0f ug'{k5{ . :yfgfGt/0f ubf{afns tyf a[4x¿nfO{ ao:ssf] t'ngfdf k|fyldstf lbg' k5{ .

• af9Laf6 aRgsf] nflu agfOPsf] efUg] af6f]df b]lvg] u/L s]lx lrGxx¿ /fvL :ki6;+u/]vfÍg ug'{k5{ .

lzlj/ ;+rfng ug{ b}lgs lqmofsnfkx¿sf] Joj:yfkg

• lzlj/ ;+rfng ubf{ b}lgs ¿kdf ul/g] sfdx¿sf] axLvftf sfod /fVg' k5{ . o;

k|sf/sf] axLvftf sfod ug{ ;ldltn] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L JolQmnfO{{ lhDdflbg';lsG5 / a]nfa]nfdf ;ldltn] o;sf] k|ltj]bg lnO/xg' k5{ .

• k|To]s lzlj/df cf>o lnO/x]sf ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿sf] ;"rL agfpg' k5{ .

• 3/af6 lgl:sPsf] kmf]xf]/ hDdf ug{sf] nflu k|To]s 3/nfO{ Pp6f 6f]s/Lsf] Joj:yfug'{k5{ .

27


• ;s];Dd c:yfO{ ¿kdf k"0f{sfnLg :jLk/sf] Joj:yf u/L lbgdf s}of}+k6s rkL{sf] ;kmfO{

ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' k5{ .

• k|fKt /fxt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] clen]v /fVg] .

• cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] plrt t/Lsfn] n]vf sfod ug]{ .

• lzlj/df a;]sf ;d'bfosf afl;Gbfx¿sf] pT;fx a9fpg ;Dej eP;Dd afns tyf

lszf]/x¿ åf/f lzlj/x¿df ;+lults sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .

• /fxt lzlj/x¿sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;'rf¿ /fVg ;ldlt ;/sf/L lgsfox¿;+u ;Dks{df/lx/xg' k5{ .

:jf:Yo ;]jf sfod /fVg]

• ue{jtL dlxnf, lj/fdL, afnjflnsf / a'9fa'9Lx¿sf] nflu lgoldt :jf:Yo hf“rsf]Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• l;ls:t lj/fdLx¿sf] nflu 5'§} kfn jf sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• k|fylds :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] nflu rflxg] ;fdfgsf] Joj:yf ul//fVg'k5{ .

• af9Ldf km“;]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ rflxg] cf}iflwx¿ h:t} ;k{n] 8;]df k|of]u ug'{kg]{

cf}iflwx¿sf] e08f/0f ul//fVg'k5{ .

• cf}iflw / cGo ;/;fdfgsf] cfk"lt{, / k|of]usf] /]s8{ /fVgsf] nflu sfkL, / /lhi6/sf]

Joj:yf ug]{ / ;/;fdfg ;lsPdf ;s];Dd l56f] To;sf] cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

ljljw sfo{x¿

• ;fdfgx¿sf] rf]/L gxf];\ eg]/ lg/Gt/ lgu/fgL /flv/fVg'k5{ .

• unt Jofkf/ k|j[lQn] ubf{ ;fdfgsf] d"No j[l4 x'g] / lzlj/df ;fdfgsf] cefj x'g]x'gfn] of] ljifodf lg/LIf0f ul//fVg'k5{ / o:tf ljifodf ;ldltsf] dfWodaf6 cfjfhp7fpg'k5{ .

• oftfoftsf] Joj:yfsf] nflu 8'+uf cflbsf] Joj:yf ul//fVg'k5{ .

• jf9L ;DjGwL hfgsf/L kfpg ;s];Dd w]/} ;|f]t ;“u ;+rf/ sfod /fVg'k5{ / /]l8of]df;dfrf/ ;'lg/fVg'k5{ .


28

• 3/ 5f8]/ jf9L lzlj/df guPsf dflg;x¿sf] l:yltsf] af/]df lgu/fgL /flv/fVg'k5{ /

cfjZos k/]df pgLx¿nfO{ vfBfGg / cGo ;fdu|Lsf] cfk"lt{ u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ y]Ug ;xof]u

ug'{k5{ .

• eljiosf] nflu jf9L lzlj/sf] ;kmntf jf c;kmntfsf] af/]df lstfa tof/ kfg'{k5{ .

• c:yfoL jf9L lzlj/sf] ¿kdf /fhdfu{nfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 eg] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjfudgnfO{lgoGq0f ug'{k5{ .

• olb cfjZos k/]df xf6 nfUg] 7fp“, /fhdfu{ cflbdf Pp6f ;fd'bflos uf]7 agfpg'k5{

.

• klxNo} ;+sng ul/;lsPsf] ufO{j:t'sf] bfgf ;a}dfem ljt/0f ug'{k5{ .

• ufO{uf]7df klg :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .

• lzlj/df gNofOPsf ufO{j:t'sf] uf]7df klg o:tf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• olb o:tf] k|0ffnLdf ePsf] uNtLn] s;}nfO{ c;'ljwf ePsf] eP To;nfO{ lgjf/0f ug'{k5{

.

• jf9L lzlj/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/Psf /fhdfu{sf] jl/kl/ rkL{sf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

#=#= af9L kZrft k'g:yf{kgf

af9L k|efljt dflg;x¿ cfkm\gf] ;fwf/0f hLjgdf kms{g pT;'s x'G5g\ . cfkm\gf];DklQsf] ¿kdf /x]sf afnLgfnL, ufO{j:t', OToflbsf] gfz eO;s]kl5 pgLx¿ Psbd}

cK7\of/f] l:yltdf k'Ug] ub{5g\ / o:tf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/, wgLdfgL, Pg=hL=cf]= cflbsf]

;xof]uljgf cfkm"nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . slxn]sfxL+ af9Lkl5 cfkm\gf] ;fdfGol:yltdf cfpg l5d]sLn] Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u u5{g\ . JolQm JolQm aLrdf ;DjGw /

e|ft[Tjn] klg s]xL dflg;x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] v'§fdf pleg 7"nf] d2t u5{ . cf+lzs ¿kdflalu|Psf 3/nfO{ ;a}n] ldn]/ >dbfg u/L jgfOlbg ;lsG5 . wgLdfgLn] slxn]sfxL+

u/Lax¿nfO{ o:tf] k'g:yf{kgf sfo{df nufpg ;S5g\ . o;jf6 pgLx¿nfO{ c:yfoL/f]huf/Lsf] klg Joj:yf x'G5 . af9Ln] 7"nf] Iflt u/]sf] v08df /fxt / k'g:yf{kgf sfo{df

;/sf/sf] e"ldsf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 .

29


Pp6f ;ldltn] Pp6f If]qdf 3/x¿sf] k'glgdf{0f, vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf, af6f], k'n,ljh'nL cflbsf] dd{t cflb sfo{x¿ cfkm\gf] lhDdfdf lng ;S5 .

3/ kms{g]

• af9L 3l6;s]kl5 ;ldltn] p4f/ ul/Psfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] ePhlt hfoh]yf lnP/ 3/df

kms{g d2t ug{ ;S5 .

• kmls{;s]kl5 tTsfn} ug'{kg]{ sfdx¿df 3/, rkL{, df6fsf ef“8fx¿, r'Nxf] cflbsf]dd{t ug]{ / esf/L cflbsf] k'glgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{x¿ k5{g\ .

• ;ldltsf] dWo:ytfaf6 o:tf sfo{x¿df ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿n] Pscsf{nfO{ tTsfn};xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ .

Ifltsf] klxrfg ug]{ / /]s8{ /fVg]

• ;ldltn] k|Zgf]Q/sf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfosf] k|To]s 3/df ePsf] xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] clen]v

tof/ ug'{k5{ . k|Zgf]Q/sf] Pp6f gd"gf cg';"rL ^ df lbOPsf] 5 .

;d'bfosf cfjZostfx¿ / k'g:yf{kgfsf] ;a}eGbf a9L cfjZostf ePsf] 3/kl/jf/sf]klxrfg ug]{ .

• ;ldltn] gf]S;fgsf] klxrfg ug'{sf] ;fy;fy} ;a}eGbf a9L k|efljt 3/kl/jf/sf]klxrfg ug{ ;S5 . o:tf] k|yfn] cfsl:dstfsf] txdf 3/x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kgfsf]

k|fyldstfdf /fVg ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5 . o; s'/fsf] 1fgn] ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u ljt/0fug{ d2t k'¥ofp“5 .

:s"n tyf sn]h h:tf ljleGg ;+/rgfx¿sf] k'glgdf{0f k|fyldstfdf /fVg]

• ;ldltn] Pslt/ ;d'bfosf JolQm / csf]{lt/ ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfosf JolQmx¿;“u

k/fdz{ lnO{ af6f]3f6f], k'n, t6aGwg, :s"n / sn]hsf ejgx¿ h:tf ;+/rgfdf

ePsf] Ifltsf] lgSof]{n ug'{k5{ . o:tf] k|yfn] To; 7fp“df ePsf ;fd'bflos ;+/rgfx¿nfO{k|fyldstfdf /fvL k'g:yf{kgfsf] of]hgf agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5 .


30

5'6]sf] k9fO{ k"/f ug{ yk sIffx¿ ;+rfng ug]{

• nfdf] af9Ln] ubf{ k9fO{ 5'6]sf] v08df ;ldltn] :s"n tyf sn]hx¿df 5'6]sf] k9fO{ k"/f

geP;Dd zlgjf/ / cGo ljbfdf yk sIffsf] k|jGw ug{ ;S5 .

:jf:Yo ;]jf / ;/;kmfO{sf] k'g:yf{kgf

• 3/]n' txdf af9Lsf] kfgL 3l6;s]kl5 lzlj/af6 kms]{sf jf cfkm\g} 3/df a;]sf cfkm\gf

kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] :jf:Yo l:yltsf] lg/LIf0f ug'{k5{ / cfjZos k/]sf] v08df

8fS6/x¿sf] ;Nnfx lng'kb{5 .

• cfjZostfcg'¿k 6\o'aj]nsf] dd{t ug'{k5{ .

• cfjZostfcg'¿k rkL{sf] dd{t ug'{k5{ .

• ;ldltn] o:tf sfo{df 3/kl/jf/x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 . To:t}, ;ldltn] af9Lk"j{sf]

jftfj/0fdf k'¥ofpg klg 3/kl/jf/x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 .

lzlj/x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf

• p4f/ ul/Psf JolQmx¿n] 5f]l8;s]kl5 lzlj/ ePsf] 7fp“nfO{ ;fdfGo k|of]udf Nofpgsf]

nflu ;ldltn] lzlj/sf] ;/;kmfO ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

/fxt / k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkg

• /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] plrt k|of]usf] nflu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo / Pg=hL=cf]= cflb;+u

;DaGw sfod /fVg'k5{ . To:t} /fxt ;fdu|LnfO{ cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df

ljt/0f ug'{k5{ .

s[lif pTkfbgsf] k'g:yf{kgf

• ;ldltn] cfjZostfcg'¿k aLpsf] ;+sng / ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . o:tf] sfo{df

;ldltn] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo / cGo lgsfo;+u ;Dks{ /fVg'k5{ .

31


• ;ldltn] ;xof]usf] ;a}eGbf a9L cfjZostf ePsf] 3/kl/jf/nfO{ ;fg} txdf ePklg

v]tL, kmnkm"n Joj;fo, g;{/L, df5fkfng cflb af9Lklxn] cfkm"n] ug]{ cyf]{kfh{gsf

Joj;fox¿ k'gM ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu C0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• 3/kl/jf/x¿n] :yflgo s[lif sfof{nosf JolQmx¿;+u ;Dks{ /fvL jLpx¿sf] 5gf]6 /;+sng, ufO{j:t'sf bfgf / cGo ljifodf hfgsf/L lng'k5{ . To:t} af9Lkl5sf] af“sL

;dodf s:tf afnL nufpg ;lsG5 eg]/ klg klxrfg ug'{k5{ .

• cfkm\gf] s/];faf/Ldf t/sf/Lx¿ pdfg'{ klg pkof]uL x'G5 . To:t} :yflgo s[lif sfof{nosf

sd{rf/Ln] ljleGg l56f] pd|g] hftsf jLpx¿ lbP/ cfkm\gf] s/];faf/Ldf kmnkm"nv]tL ug{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ ;S5g\ .

• cfkm\gf] k|of]u / c¿nfO{ ljqmL ug{ kof{Kt jLp ePsfx¿n] g;{/Lsf] :yfkgf ug{

;S5g\ .

• ;ldltn] C0f / cGo ;fdfgx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/lbP/ pTkfbgzLn kf]v/Lx¿nfO{ k'gMvg]/ df5fkfng ug{ dflg;x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg ;S5 .

s[lif k|ljlwx¿

• af9Lsf] vt/f ePsf ;a} ;xefuL b]zdf y'k|} s[lif k|ljlwx¿ 5g\ . o:tf k|ljlwn]

af9Lkl5 s[lif;DaGwL sfo{x¿ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ 7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5g\ . o:tf k|ljlwx¿

:yflgo s[lif sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿sf dfWodaf6 s[ifsx¿;Dd k'¥ofpg'k5{ . a+unfb]z

/ ef/tsf lgb]{lzsfdf o:tf y'k|} pbfx/0fx¿ lbOPsf 5g\ .

cfly{s sfo{x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf

af9Ln] c;/ u/]sf 3/kl/jf/sf] cfDbfgL a9fpg] p2]Zon] ;ldltn] cfly{s sfo{x¿sf]

k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . To:t} ;ldltn] :yflgo ¿kd} pknAw sRrf kbfy{sf]

k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u ;+rfngsf] nflu :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfo;+u

;xof]u lng'k5{ . To:t} cfjZostf k/]sf] v08df ;ldltn] n3' C0fsf] klg Joj:yf ug{

;S5 .


32

cg';"rL !

a+unfb]zdf ;fd'bfoLs af9L Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] nflu k|:tfljt sfo{gLlt

nIo M ;ldltn] af9Lcl3, af9L cfPsf a]nfdf / af9L 3l6;s]kl5 pko'Qm sfo{ u/]/ af9L

k|efljt JolQmx¿sf] Iflt, gf]S;fgL / b'MvnfO{ sd ug]{ .

;ldltn] sfo{ ug]{ nlIft If]q M ;ldltn] k|foM :yflgo ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] If]qdfJolQm s]lGb|t af9L Joj:yfkg sfo{x¿ ug]{ . a+unfb]zdf o:tf If]qx¿ ;+u7g kl/ifb /g]kfn / ef/tdf uf=lj=;÷k~rfotsf] txdf x'G5g\ .

;+/rgf M k|:tfljt ;ldlt lglZrt :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfosf] g]t[Tjdf /xg] u5{ . ;+:yfut;+/rgf x]/L b]zb]zdf o:tf ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf km/s x'g] ub{5 .a+unfb]zsf] ;ldltdf lgDg ( b]lv !@ ;b:o k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 M

ueg{/ lglZrt :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfosf] cWoIf

pk ueg{/ :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfon] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] s'g} Pp6f ToxL lgsfosf] ;b:o

;b:o :yflgo ;/sf/L lgsfon] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] s'g} Ps lgjf{lrt ;b:o:yflgo ;/sf/sf] lgjf{lrt dlxnf ;b:oxfO:s"n jf k|fylds ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofksx¿ -a9Ldf b'O{_wfld{s g]tf -Pp6f wfld{s ;d'bfoaf6 Ps_ h:t} To; If]qdf /x]sf :yflgodl:hbsf Odfd jf :yflgo dlGb/sf k'/f]lxt .:yflgo txsf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L -a9Ldf tLg_ h:t} To; If]q;+u ;DalGwts[lif sd{rf/L jf :yflgo 8fS6/ jf :jf:YosdL{ .

;ldltn] cfkm\gf] Ps ;b:onfO{ ;b:o ;lrjsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug{sf] nflu rog u5{ .

t/ ef/tdf eg] a}7ssf] cWoIftfsf nflu cWoIfsf] ¿kdf :yflgo k~rfotsf]d'lvof, ;ldltsf] a}7s ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu Ps ;lrj, ;ldltsf] cfo / Joosf]] Joj:yfldnfpg Ps sf]iffWoIF u/L !% b]lv !* ;b:o /xG5g\ . oL ;a} ;b:ox¿ :yflgok~rfotsf ;b:ox¿af6 rog ul/G5g\ . To:t} ;ldltsf cGo ;b:osf ¿kdf k|efljt;d"xsf k|ltlglw, ;fd'bflos / cfly{s ¿kdf ljkGg, Jofkf/L / s[lif ;DaGwL If]qaf6cfPsf JolQmx¿ kb{5g\ . To:t} af9L cfPsf a]nfdf ;d'bfon] u/]sf sfo{x¿sf]] lg/LIf0fug{sf nflu ;ldltsf] Pp6f 5'§} cfsl:ds lgoGq0f sIf klg x'g] ub{5 .

33


k|:tfljt ;ldltsf ;fdfGo sfo{x¿df af9Lsf] nflu tof/ /xg d2t ug]{, af9L;DaGwLk|ltlqmof agfpg] / sfo{:t/df ptfg]{ / ;d'bfodf ljleGg lsl;dsf af9L lgoGq0fsfo{x¿sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ cflb kb{5g\ .

;ldltsf ;fdfGotof lgDg sfo{x¿ kb{5g\ . t/ ;ldltsf sfo{x¿ oltd} ;Lldteg] x'“b}gg\ .

• :yflgo ¿kdf pknAw af9L;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿;Dd ;dod}k'¥ofpg] . o;/L ;"rgf k|;f/0f ubf{ dfOs cflbsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

• af9L;DaGwL ;"rgf, eljiojf0fL / hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ lhNnf, yfgf / j8f txsf /cfjZos k/]df dflyNnf] txsf sd{rf/Lx¿;+u ;DaGw sfod ug]{ / To:tf ;"rgf;d'bfosf JolQmx¿sf dfemdf k'¥ofpg] .

• cfjZos k/]df ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿nfO{ af9L lzlj/df ;fg{ d2t ug]{ .

• cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleq k/]sf / af9Ln] 8'jfg gu/]sf :s"n, sn]h h:tf ;+:yfx¿sfclwsf/Lx¿;+u jftf{ u/L To:tf ;+:yfsf ejg, v]n d}bfg cflbnfO{ c:yfoL af9Llzlj/sf ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;xdt u/fpg] .

• pknAw 7fp“nfO{ c:yfoL af9L lzlj/sf ¿kdf pkof]uL agfpgsf nflu To:tf 7fp“df;/;kmfO, 6\o'aj]n, rkL{ cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

• af9L lzlj/sf] cefjsf] cj:yfdf a;f]jf;sf] vf]hdf /x]sf JolQmx¿nfO{cfjZostfcg';f/ kfn ljt/0f ug]{ / 8'jfgdf gk/]sf 7fp“df Ps jf a9L lzlj/sf]lgdf{0f ug]{ .

• lzlj/df /x]sf a]nfdf ljleGg lsl;dsf ;xfotf pknAw u/fOPsf ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿sf]/]s8{ /fVg] .

• lzlj/df cf>o lnPsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu vfgf, :jf:Yo ;]jf, cf}iflw, vfg]kfgL cflbsf]Joj:yf ug]{ .

• af9Ldf km“;]sfx¿nfO{ p4f/ ug]{ lsl;dsf tflndsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .

• af9L lg/LIf0f 6f]nL / af“w jf t6aGwgsf jf8]{gsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

• lzlj/df ;'/Iff, :jf:Yo l:ylt / zflGt sfod ug]{ .

• lzlj/df x'g] emu8fx¿ ;fDo ug]{ .

• ;d'bfosf 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] cfjZostf / /fxt sfo{sf] b}lgs ¿kdf lg/LIf0f ug]{ .


34

• lzlj/df z/0f lnPsfx¿sf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ rGbf ;+sng ug]{ .

• lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df /fxt ;fdu|Lx¿ ljt/0f ug]{ .

• k|fKt ePsf / ljt/0f ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] nflu axLvftf /fVg] .

• clxn] lzlj/ ;DaGwL eO/x]sf sfo{x¿sf] af/]df 5nkmn ug{ / tL sfo{ s;/L cem /fd|f]ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf lgoldt ¿kdf a}7s a:g] .

• cfkm\g} 3/df a;]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;Dej ePdf vfgf, cf}iflw cflbsf] cfk"lt{ u/]/ ;xof]uug]{ . To:t} s'g} klg a]nfdf pgLx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft 7fp“df nfg' k/]df To;df klg ;xof]uug]{ .

• k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL of]hgf agfpg] ;DaGwdf k|To]s 3/kl/jf/df ePsf] Ifltsf] lgSof}{nug{ ;/sf/;+u ;dGjo sfod ug]{ jf ;/sf/L lg/LIf0f 6f]nL u7g x'g'eGbf klxNo} g}cfkm\g} lg/LIf0f 6f]nL u7g ug]{ .

• pklhNnf jf j8f txsf lgsfox¿;+u ;Nnfx / ;xof]u u/L af9Lkl5 3/kl/jf/x¿sf];s];Dd l56f] k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

• pko'Qm ePcg';f/ :s"n, sn]h, af“w, t6aGwg, cflb ;+/rgfx¿sf] ljgfzsf] lg/LIf0fug]{ jf o:tf] lg/LIf0fdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .

• af9Ln] k|efljt JolQmx¿sf] ;s];Dd l56f] k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu lg/LIf0fsf] cfwf/df;ldltn] vr{ d"Nof+sg ;lxt Ps sfo{of]hgf -;do ;Ldf ePsf]_ tof/ ug{ ;S5 .

• af9L k|efljt dflg;x¿sf] l:ylt psf:gsf nflu ;ldltn] lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw,;/sf/L lgsfo, ;DalGwt dGqfno cflb;+u dfq geO To; If]qsf ;f+;bx¿;+u klg;DaGw sfod ug]{ .

• ev{/} nfu" ul/Psf] af9L Joj:yfkgdf ;fd'bflos k|of;sf] cfwf/df csf]{ af9Lsf]nflu cem ;zQm ;+u7gsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu tof/L ug{ ;lsG5 . eljiodf cfjZostfk/]sf] v08df sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ;ldlt tof/ /lx/xg'k5{ .

• To:t} ;fdfGo cj:yfdf ;ldltn] lg/Gt/ lzIff / hfu/0fsf] dfWodaf6 dflg;x¿sf]dgf]an pRr /flv/xg'k5{ .

olb cfjZos k/]df k|:tfljt ;ldltsf] sfo{sf] ;xof]usf nflu vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo;]jf, ufO{j:t' Joj:yfkg cflb sfo{ ug{sf nflu y'k}| sfo{bnx¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 .o:tf sfo{bnn] ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 sfd ug'{k5{ / cfkm\gf sfo{sf] ljj/0f ;ldltsf] lgoldta}7sdf k]z ug'{k5{ .

35


cg';"rL @cfsl:ds ¿kdf xft] kDksf] :yfkgf

cfsl:ds ;dodf w]/}h;f] ;d'bfosf] k|of]usf] nflu eg]/ lzlj/df xft] 6\o'aj]nsf]

:yfkgf ul/G5 . o;/L 6\o'aj]n vGbf hldg d'lgsf] kfgLnfO{ ls6f0f' ePsf] af9Lsf] kfgLn]b"lift gagfcf];\ eg]/ ;ts{tf ckgfpg'k5{ .

• 6\o'aj]nsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu cUnf] / af9Lsf] kfgLn] g5f]Psf] 7fp“sf] rog ug'{k5{ .

• kfgLsf] axfjsf] lbzfdf rkL{eGbf dflykl§ 6\o'aj]nsf] :yfkgf ug'{k5{ .

• rkL{af6 6\o'aj]nsf] b"/L sDtLdf !% ld6/ /fVg'k5{ .

• 6\o'aj]n jl/kl/ b"lift kfgL hDg lbg' x'“b}g .

• 6\o'aj]nsf] k|of]u ubf{ of] gxlNnof];\ egL o;nfO{ af“; jf sf7sf] vDafdf /fd|/L af“Wg'k5{ .

olb kDk :yfkgf ug]{ qmddf hldgd'lgsf] kfgL b"lift ePsf] 5 eg] Tof] kfgLnfO{ls6f0f'/lxt agfpg'k5{ . To;sf] nflu lgDg sfo{x¿ ug'{k5{ .

• Ps l6g -!* ln6/_ kfgLdf rf/ lrofrDrf lAnlrª kfp8/ ldnfpg] .

• kDksf k"hf{x¿ vf]Ng] .

• kDksf k"hf{x¿ sDtLdf Ps 306f;Dd Snf]l/g kfgLdf 8'afpg] .

• s]6fs]6LnfO{ Snf]l/g kfgL rnfpg glbg] .

• !) ln6/ kfgLdf rf/ rDrf lAnlrª kfp8/ /fv]/ kfOkdf vGofO{ tLg 306f;Dd /fVg] .

• kDksf k'hf{x¿ km]l/ hf]8\g] .

• Snf]l/g ldl;Psf] kfgL lgsfNg cfwf 306f;Dd hf]8n] kDk rnfpg] . kfgLdf clnclndfq Snf]l/gsf] uGw cfPkl5 dfq lkpgsf] nflu k|of]u ug]{ .

• oL sfo{ x'“bf s]6fs]6LnfO{ Tof] 7fp“af6 6f9} /fVg] .

nfdf] ;do;Dd af9Ln] c;/ gug]{ xft] kDk

• af9Lsf] vt/f ePsf 7fp“df xft] kDkx¿ drfg cflbdf agfpg'k5{ . To:t} drfgnfO{e¥ofª, / af/sf] klg Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

• af9Lsf] df};d z'¿x'g'eGbf klxn] cfwf/ ;+/rgf rs]{sf] 5÷5}g lg/LIf0f ug]{ . olbrs]{sf] ePdf ;dod} To;sf] dd{t ug]{ .


36

cg';"rL–#

kfgL k|zf]wg Kofs]6 agfpg] tl/sf

af9Ln] w]/} g} c;/ u/]sf 7fp“x¿df ls t af9Ls} kfgL jf af9Ln] b"lift u/]sf] kfgL

k|of]u ug]{ afx]s cGo s'g} klg ljsNk x'“b}g . af9Lsf] kfgLdf w]/}h;f] dl;gf w"nf]sf

s0fx¿ /xg] ub{5g\ h;nfO{ Snf]l/g jf lAnlrª kfp8/ dfq} k|of]u u/]/ x6fpg ;ls+b}g .

To;}n] To:tf] cj:yfdf klxn] ;ª\nf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ kl5 To;nfO{ pko'Qm cf}iflw k|of]u

u/]/ To;sf] ;+qmd0f x6fpg] sf]lz; ug'{k5{ . o:tf] sfo{df lAnlrª kfp8/ / Pp6f

hdfpg] kbfy{sf] ld>0f pko'Qm x'G5 . of] ld>0fsf] kfp8/n] af9Lsf] kfgLdf /x]sf ;;fgf

s0fx¿nfO{ Pp6} y'k|f] agfP/ ef“8fsf] kL+wdf nfG5 eg] Snf]l/gn] sL6f0f'x¿nfO{ df/]/

kfgLnfO{ ;+qmd0fd'Qm agfp“5 .

dflysf] ;ª\nf] kfgL dfq vGofP/ ef“8fsf] kL+wdf ePsf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ kmfNg ;lsG5

/ Tof] kfgLnfO{ lkpg klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] pkfo agfpg, lnP/ lx+8\g / k|of]u

ug{ ;lhnf] / ;:tf] klg 5 . To;}n] cfsl:ds ¿kdf k|of]u ug{sf nflu hg:jf:YoOlGhlgo/ / :jo+;]jL ;+:yfx¿ dfem of] k|ljlw lgs} g} nf]slk|o 5 .

agfpg] tl/sf M o;/L kfgL z'4 ug]{ kfp8/ agfpg] tl/sf klg lgs} g} ;/n 5 . o:tf]

kfp8/ agfpg lkm6\ls/L, r"g, lAnlrª kfp8/ h:tf ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . oL ;a}

;fdu|L :yflgo ahf/df ;lhn} kfpg ;lsG5 . o:tf] Kofs]6 agfpg lgDg sfo{ ug'{k5{ M

!_ -;o Kofs]6sf nflu_M # s]=hL lkm6\ls/L, !=% s]=hL= r"g / @)) u|fd lAnlrª kfp8/

hf]Vg] -lAnlrª kfp8/sf] zlQm ## k|ltzt x'g'k5{_ . oL Kofs]6 jf ef“8fx¿nfO{ 5'§}

/fVg] . lkm6\ls/L ;s];Dd ;'Vvf x'g'k5{ . To:t} /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf] r"g k|of]u ug'{k5{ .

To:t} lAnlrª kfp8/ ePsf] ef“8f 3fdsf] pHofnf] gk:g] x'g'k5{ .

@_ lkm6\ls/LnfO{ w"nf] x'g]u/L lk:g] / ;'Vvf Knfli6sdf lkm+hfP/ ;'sfpg] . To;kl5

;'sfOPsf] w"nf] lkm6\ls/LnfO{ Knfli6ssf] ef“8fdf /fVg] . r"gsf l9Ssfx¿ klg w"nf]

x'g]u/L lk;]/ 5'§} ;'Vvf ef“8fdf /fVg'k5{ . klUngaf6 arfpg xfjf gk:g] ef“8fsf]

k|of]u ug'{k5{ .

37


#_ cfjZos dfqfdf r"g / lAnlrª kfp8/ /fd|/L ldnfpg] / of] ld>0fnfO{ Knfli6ssf]

aflN6gdf /fVg] . of] cj:yfdf lkm6\ls/L ldnfpg' x'“b}g .

$_ % O{Gr nDafO / $ O{Gr rf}8fO ePsf Knfli6ssf Kofs]6 agfpg] . plrt cfsf/sfKofs]6 gkfOPdf a]gf{ /fVg k|of]u x'g] !)) cf]6f Kofs]6 lng] . To;kl5 ldnfpg]

tl/sf a'em\g]u/L n]v]/ To;sf] !)) k|lt kmf]6f]skL ug]{ .

ldnfpg] tl/sfdf lgDg s'/f n]Vg'k5{ M

• Ps aflN6g jf Ps 3}+6f] -!) b]lv !@ ln6/_ kfgL lng]

• 7"nf] kfs]6af6 cfwf lrofrDrf lkm6\ls/L lnP/ aflN6gdf vGofpg]

• ;fgf] Kofs]6af6 ;]tf] w"nf] -r"g / lAnlrª kfp8/sf] ld>0f_ lng], aflN6gdf vGofpg]

/ kfgLdf /fd|/L ldnfpg] . To;kl5 kfgLnfO{ /fd|/L rnfpg] . $% ldg]6b]lv Ps

306f;Dddf kfgLdf b]lvg] l9Ssfx¿ kL+wdf uP/ a:5g\ .

• Pp6f ;kmf sk8fnfO{ rf/ k6s k6\ofP/ bf];|f] 3}+6f]sf] d'vdf /fVg] . To;kl5

aflN6gdf ePsf] ;ª\nf] kfgLnfO{ sk8fsf] dfWodaf6 5fg]/ bf];|f] 3}+6f]df la:tf/}

vGofpg] . 3}+6f]nfO ;+w} 5f]k]/ dfq /fVg'k5{ / o;sf] kfgLnfO{ lkpg] sfo{df dfq k|of]uug'{k5{ . kfgLdf Snf]l/gsf] uGw cfpg] s'/f ;+lemg''k5{ .

Pp6f Kofs]6sf] tf}n nueu $& u|fd x'G5 / o;n] kfgLsf] wldnf]kgf cflb x]/]/

nueu !*) b]lv @)) ln6/ wldnf] kfgLnfO{ :jR5 agfpg ;S5 . agfO;s]kl5 kfgLz'4 ug]{ Kofs]6nfO{ ;s];Dd l56f] k|of]u ug'{k5{ . tyflk o;sf] c;/ sd geOsg o;nfO{

@ jf # dlxgf aLrdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

o:tf Kofs]6x¿ af9L lzlj/ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ 7fp“df /fVg'k5{ . agfO;s]kl5 o:tfKofs]6x¿nfO{ ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf aLrdf ljt/0f ug'{k5{ . ^ hgf ;b:o ePsf] Ps

3/nfO{ xKtfsf] Ps Kofs]6 o:tf] w"nf]sf] cfjZostf k5{ . To;}n] ;xhtfsf nflu xKtfdfPsk6s o:tf Kofs]6 ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug'{k5{ . ;ldltn] o:tf] Kofs]6sf]

ljt/0fsf] nflu tflnsf agfpg'k5{ / o:tf Kofs]6x¿ k|fKt ePsf] / ljt/0f ePsf] btf{ug'{k5{ .


38

o:tf Kofs]6x¿nfO{ s]6fs]6Lsf] kx'“reGbf aflx/ /fVg ;a} 3/kl/jf/df ljz]if ;ts{tf

ckgfpg'k5{ . b'3{6gfjz s'g} aRrfn] o;nfO{ lgn]df p;nfO{ ;s];Dd l56f] glhs}sf]

c:ktfndf k'¥ofpg'k5{ .

d"Nosf] hfgsf/L o:tf !)) j6f Kofs]6sf] d"No $ cd]l/sL 8n/ eGbf a9L x'g'x'“b}g .Ps ;fd'bflos sfo{stf{ ljz]iftM Ps 7"nf] sIffsf] lj1fgsf] ljBfyL{n] Ps lbgdf !%) Kofs]6agfpg ;S5 . To;}n] hDdfhDdL lbgsf] ^ hgf sfd ubf{ !))) j6f Kofs]6 agfpg @lbgeGbf a9L nfUg x'“b}g .

;fydf /lx/xg'kg]{ ;fdfgx¿ kfgL z'4 agfpg] Kofs]6 agfpg ;lhnf]sf] nflu lgDg;fdfgx¿ ;fydf x'g' kb{5 .

Pp6f hf“tf], t/fh' / 9sx¿, tLgj6f yfnx¿, w]/} ;+Vofdf ;'Vvf Knfli6ssfKofs]6x¿ .

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cg';"rL–$g"g lrgL kfgL agfpg] tl/sf

of] s] xf]<of] z/L/df kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ sd vlr{nf] k]o kbfy{ xf] . of] emf8fkvfnf

nfu]sf] a]nfdf pkof]uL x'G5 .

agfpg] tl/sfM!= Ps ln6/ pdfn]/ lr:ofPsf] kfgL lng] .@= To;df b'O{ lrof rDrf lrgL jf dx xfNg] .#= To;df Ps rf}yfO{ lrofrDrf g'g xfNg] .$= ePdf Ps rf}yfO lrofrDrf ;f]8f xfNg] geP g"g xfNg] .%= ld>0fnfO{ /fd|/L rnfpg] . ca g'g lrgL kfgL tof/ eof] .

cGo tl/sf!= Ps ln6/ pdfn]/ ;]nfPsf] kfgL lng] .@= rf/ d'7L lrgL / Ps lrD6L g'g xfn]/ rnfpg] .#= g'g lrgL kfgL tof/ eof] .

g'g lrgL kfgLnfO{ pdfNg' x'“b}g . o;nfO{ lr;} /fVg'k5{ . agfPsf] ^ 306f;Dd

o:tf] ld>0fnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf

z/L/df kfgL sd ePsf] dflg;nfO{ p;sf] lk;fa ;fdfGo geP;Dd lbg/ft %-%ldg]6df vfg lbg'k5{ . Pp6f jo:snfO{ o:tf] ld>0f lbgsf] tLg rf/ ln6/ rflxG5 eg]Pp6f afnsnfO{ lbgsf] Ps b'O{ ln6/ rflxG5 .

olb lj/fdLn] jfGtf ul//x]sf] ePklg p;nfO{ g'g lrgL kfgL lbO/fVg'k5{ . olblj/fdLn] lkpg g;s]df p;nfO{ glhs}sf] c:ktfndf nUg'k5{ .

o:tf] ld>0fsf] Kofs]6 -hLjghn_ :yflgo k;nx¿df klg lsGg kfOG5 . o;/LhLjghn lsGbf Kofs]6df pNn]v ePsf] ldlt /fd|/L x]g'{k5{ . o;nfO{ agfpg] t/LsfKofs]6df n]lvg] x'gfn] To;nfO{ /fd|/L k9\g'k5{ .


40

cg';"rL–%

rSsL k|of]u u/]/ kfgLnfO{ z'4 ug]{

b"lift ;|f]taf6 cfPsf] kfgLnfO{ ahf/df kfOg] x]nf]hg ePsf] rSsL k|of]u u/]/ klg

z'4 ug{ ;lsG5 . tfhf x]nf]hgn] kfgLdf ePsf AofS6]l/of / cGo sL6f0f' dfg]{ ub{5 .o:tf kfgL z'4 ug]{ rSsLx¿ ;:tf] d"Nodf ahf/df kfOG5g\ .

rSsL k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf

• lasf]{ ePsf] ef“8fdf !=% b]lv # ln6/ kfgL lng] . o:tf] cj:yfdf wft'sf ef“8f

k|of]u ug'{ x'“b}g .

• !% ldlnu|fd x]nf]hg ePsf] rSsL kfgLdf ld;fP/ 3f]Ng] / lasf]{ nufpg] .

• x]nf]hgn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ug{sf nflu sDtLdf cfwf 306f /fVg] .

ca kfgL lkpgsf] nflu tof/ eof] . ef“8fsf] lasf]{ nufP;Dd of] kfgL b"lift x'“b}g .

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cg';"rL–^

af9Laf6 ePsf] Iflt cg'dfg ug{ 3/ 3/df uP/ ;f]lwg] k|ZgfjnL

;fwf/0f k|Zgx¿

!_ 3/d"nLsf] gfdM =============================================================================================

@_ af9Lsf] ;dodf ;+u} a;]sf dflg;x¿M ======= k'¿if========== dlxnf======== !@ aif{ d'lgsfaRrfx¿================== % aif{ d'lgsf aRrfx¿=================== sfv]afnsx¿===============^% aif{ dflysf a'9fa'9Lx¿======================================

#_ 3/hUufsf] If]qkmn==================la3f==============s7\7F==============w'/=============

$_ k/Ljf/nfO{ s:tf] Iflt k'Uof]M ;fwf/0f============cf+lzs Iflt============ k"0f{ Iflt===========

%_ af9Laf6 d[tssf] ;+VofM==========================================

sf/0f - k'/f ljj/0f lbg'xf];_ ==================================

^_ nf;sf] ;bult u/Lof] < u/Lof] ÷u/LPg

olb ul/of] eg] sxf“ nu]/ ul/of]< ===========================

&_ 3fOt]x¿sf] ;+VofM======================

*_ kl/jf/df sf]lx lj/fdL k/]< k/]÷k/]gg\

olb la/fdL k/]sf] eP, slt lbg;Dd< =============lbg

(_ /f]usf] gfd s] lyof] n]Vg'xf];M x}hf÷emf8f kvfnf÷6fOkmfO8÷==============-cGo s'g}_

!)_ s] /f]usf] pkrf/ ug{ ;lsof]< ;lsof]÷;lsPg

olb ;lsPsf] eP s;/L ul/of] / slt vr{ nfUof] ==============================================

olb g;lsPsf] eP lsg ;lsPg< ===================================================================

!!_ tkfO{sf] 3/ s] n] ag]sf] 5 <

5fgfM 6fOn÷h:tfkftf÷v/÷cGo========================================

leQfx¿M h:tfkftf÷sf7÷O{6f÷df6f]÷cGo=======

e'O{ l;d]06 nufPsf]÷df6f]n] kf]t]sf]÷sf7sf]÷cGo========


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!@_ Ifltsf] ljj/0f

s_ 3/ tyf cGo 3/fo;L ;'ljwfx¿sf] Iflt

3/ rkL{ 6\o'a]n uf]7

;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}of

v_ u}/s[lif pTkfbgsf] Iflt

rf}kfof s'v'/f ¿vx¿ df5f

;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}ofk/Ldf0f

¿k}ofs]=hL=

u_ s[lif afnLdf k'u]sf] Iflt

laof8sf] IFlt lapmsf] 8'afg afnLsf] Iflt cf+lzs afnLsf] Iflt k"0f{

;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}of ;+Vof ¿k}of

3_ af9Lsf] sf/0f ePsf] d]l8sn vr{ -;+nUg sfuhkqx¿sf] k|df0fsf] cfwf/df_

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