1

ANCESTRAL DOMAIN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AND PROTECTION PLAN

ADSDPP

Kankanaey and Bago Indigenous Peoples of Alilem,

Ilocos Sur

Organized under Alilem Municipal Tribal Council

thru the assistance of the

OFFICE FOR NORTHERN CULTURAL COMMUNITIES

(now NCIP)Regional Office, City of San Fernando,

La Union

ONCC Accreditation No.02-90-026

BACKGROUND:

A portion of the Alilem AD as viewed from Sitio Abatan, Daddaay.

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Alilem is inhabited by Kankana-eys and Bagos. Long before the Spanish colonizers

came to the Philippines, our predecessors were already living in this place. Our original

ancestors and early settlers were the descendants of the Kankana-ey and Bagos from

the provinces of Mt. Province and Benguet, respectively. The vast natural resources of

our Ancestral Domain had been the primary reason that attracted our forefathers to

permanently settle in this place, with the huge and historical Amburayan River serving

as the historical and traditional boundary with our non-tribal communities. This then was

the way of life of our forefathers long before the onset of colonization by the Spaniards:

tranquil, simple, yet prosperous.

A view of the Amburayan River from the edge of Barangay Batbato.

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The name of our municipality, “Alilem” was coined from two (2) local dialect

terms: “alicono” or whirlpool and “lemlem” or a continuous and heavy downpour. The

said historical account on how our domain got its name was transmitted to us by our

ancestors. Before the colonization, the original settlers of the domain lived in huts built

on the surrounding hills and steep mountains which now constitute its barangays. The

Poblacion proper was deep, uninhabited valley of about nine (9) square kilometers

which served as grazing lands of carabaos (water buffalo). For many years, the natives

lived simply and peacefully until such time that they were being disturbed by an unusual

and fearful environmental occurrence. It all started with a continuous heavy downpour

or “lemlem” which caused the Bakun River to swell to an extraordinary size and

overflow its banks making the valley area a big lake. In the middle part of the lake, there

was a big “alicono” or whirlpool that the people feared so much. The Alicono remained

Native dancers during an IP Celebration.

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even after the rain ceased so the people believed it’s Kabunian’s/God’s punishment for

their sins. As it was their custom, the people held a native feast called “Kaniaw” to

appease God’s wrath. After the Kaniaw, the Alicono vanished and Bakun River returned

to its course at the foot of the mountain in the Southern part leaving a dry leveled land

suited for residential lots and farms. The valley was then quickly inhabited and the place

was named “ALILEM” combining the first two syllables of “Alicono” and the first syllable

of “Lemlem”.

Such brief historical account of our ancestral domain reveals two distinct

characteristics of our tribe: our peace-loving nature and our strong belief to our Creator.

The stair-cased rice fields in Alilem are among the tribe’s cherished heritage. Some of

these are irrigated by spring waters from higher elevations.

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LEGAL BASES:

The rights of indigenous peoples/communities to their Ancestral Domains for the

social, cultural and economic well-being within the context of national development was

recognized by the 1987 Philippine Constitution (Sec. 16, Article II. Declaration of State

Policy, 1987 Phil. Constitution) Indigenous Peoples have the right to develop the

resources within their Ancestral Domains with the attendant responsibilities of

maintaining ecological balance and restoring denuded areas. (Sec. 9, Republic Act

8371, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act or IPRA). More importantly, the IPs have the

exclusive right to decide for themselves development goals and projects, as owners of

the ancestral domain. Our domain, Alilem in particular, has already been issued with

Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) last November 02, 2005, with CADT No.

RO1-ALI-1005-032.

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Photo copy of the Certificate of Ancestral Domains Title of Alilem, Ilocos Sur

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PART I THE ADSDPP DATA BASE

COMPONENTS

I. ANCESTRAL DOMAIN SITUATIONER:

1. PHYSICAL PROFILE OF OUR ANCESTRAL DOMAIN:

1.1. Geographical Location and Boundaries

The map of Ilocos Sur showing the Ancestral Domain of Alilem on its Southern tip.

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The Ancestral Domain of the Kankanaeys and Bagos of Alilem is situated at the

Southern part of the Province of Ilocos Sur. It is divided by 9 barangays namely,

Dalawa, Poblacion – Alilem Daya, Kiat, Anaao, Apaya, Amilongan, Apang,

Batbato and Daddaay. It lies between 16-52 north latitude and 120 40’ east

longitudes. Its metes and bounds as identified by our elders and leaders and as a

result of settlements with ICCs/IPs from its adjacent Ancestral Domains and

Municipalities are:

NORTH: Municipality of Suyo, Ilocos Sur. Beginning South from Large

Stone as Landmark located at Taliktik creek near the mouth of the Chico River,

The map of Alilem showing adjacent ICCs

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going East at the top of the Mt. Palitog through Sitio Lap-angan connecting to a

large stone again as a landmark, going to Sitio Labilab/Pitak Bato, up to the Day-

as River to Sitio Macaag, where the landmark is the water tank (tangke). Then

connecting to a landmark located at Sitio Bayoyo to Mt. Telay to where the

Sibbun Ugsa River (Moling River and the Banata Creek met) this Sibbun Ugsa

River is the common Ancestral Domain boundaries between Alilem, Suyo and

Cervantes.

SOUTH: Municipality of Sugpon. From the West starting at the mouth of

the Amburayan River where a boundary (river) monument thereto is established,

going East to MBM # 9 (Kinelleng), to MBM # 8 (Baybayoka), to MBM # 7

(Manggaan), to MBM # 6 (Lukotan). From MBM # 9, determine the distance from

such point going north to a tree called “lupa”. The measured distance from MBM

# 9 to “lupa” tree shall be used as the determining distance to adjust the MBMs.

Starting from the river monument to the Lupa tree to MBM # 8 and MBM # 7, all

going northward, as stated in the CADC of the municipality of Alilem. From the

adjusted MBM # 7, a line shall be drawn from the same connecting MBM # 6 to

MBM # 5, to “Biwak” monument, to “Sangsang” monument and to “Panangki”

monument. This Panangki monument is the identified common Ancestral Domain

boundaries among the Indigenous Cultural Communities of Alilem and Sugpon,

Ilocos Sur and Bakun, Benguet.

However, shortly after the MOA signing, petitioners from Barangay Kiat,

Alilem filed a formal resolution asking for the ratification of the said MOA

executed by the parties. Acting on such petition, the Sanggunian Bayan of Alilem

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filed on May 26, 2003 a formal resolution (Resolution No. 03-33) asking for the

reconsideration of the said MOA. Thus a meeting was again scheduled for the

purpose of connecting some provisions of the MOA. Again, using the “tongtong”

mode of settlement, both parties agreed in a joint resolution signed by them on

July 15, 2003 at Kiat, Alilem to exclude the areas where they did not arrive at a

common agreement as to the Ancestral Domain boundary, and that such

excluded areas shall be the subject of future settlements.

EAST: Bakun, Benguet. The common Ancestral Domain boundary line

shall start from Mt. Liblibo to Kamanpangao and to Panangque adopting the

boundary line stated in the joint agreement executed on October 26, 1977 by

Mayor Bartolome Sacla of Bakun, Benguet and Mayor Paulino Apusen of Alilem,

Ilocos Sur and likewise signed by other representatives from both municipalities

and agreed not to disturb the said ancestral domain boundary conflict resolution.

NORTHEAST: Cervantes, Ilocos Sur. Starting from Mt. Liblibo-PBM # 8 to

Moling River, the meeting point of Banata and Batawang Creeks (nagsabatan ti

waig Banata ken Batawang)

WEST: Sudipen, La Union. From south (Kiat and Up-uplas) going north

(Dalawa and Namaltugan) the agreed tribal boundary shall be the Amburayan

River which is a natural landmark. However, at the southern portion, the

identifiable property (cemetery) of Sudipen (Poblacion and Up-uplas) altered by

the natural flow of the river due to the passage of time shall be respected and

form part of the territory of Sudipen, La Union. Regardless of the extra ordinary

flow of the river in the future, it shall not alter the natural land territory of both

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parties, such that the right of the party whose lands are affected shall not be

prejudiced, in accordance with the provisions of the New Civil Code.

NORTHWEST: Tagudin, Ilocos Sur. From north going south, the point of

reference shall be a marked large rock (Pila) at the Taliktik along the Chico River

as appearing on both LC Maps, series of 1935 of Alilem and Tagudin, going to

the foot of Mt. Palakpak and its river, where a large stone is situated, going to the

mountain ridge of Bantay Baak and finally to monument (MBM) situated at “Siko”

in the Amburayan River.

The winding Amburayan River drains its waters to the China Sea passing thru the Amburayan Bridge at the boarder of Tagudin, Ilocos Sur and Sudipen, La Union.

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1.2. Accessibility

Poblacion, Alilem is accessible to any type of vehicle during rainy and dry

season from the National Highway in Sudipen, La Union. Remote barangays are

accessible only by foot.

Table 1

APPROXIMATE DISTANCE & NUMBER OF HOUSE HIKE FROM POBLACION

TO EACH BARANGAYS

Barangays

Distance in

kms.

No. of Hours

Hike

Poblacion to: Dalawa 3.5 30

Kiat 3.5 50

Anaao 5.0 1.5

Amilongan 12.422 3.5

Apaya 12.5 4.0

Apang 10.0 3.25

Batbato 6.3 3.0

Daddaay 15.5 5.0

Loose surface Poblacion-Aguiwas-Kiat farm to market road awaits road concreting.

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1.3. Ancestral Domain Area

The ancestral domain area of the Kankanaeys and Bagos of Alilem under

CADC No. 152, is Eight Thousand Three Hundred Forty One and 1505/10000

hectares (8,341.1505) as per actual ground survey in 2004 by NCIP accredited

geodetic surveyors.

The said total land area of the Ancestral Domain is the result of amicable

settlements done in a customary process with the neighboring municipalities. A

certain portion along the Suyo and Alilem boundary with an area of 270.2899

hectares and along the boundary of Alilem and Sugpon with an area of 23.1614

hectares were not included in the above Ancestral Domain area because it is

subject to future settlement by the concerned municipalities and barangays as

shown by their manifestation signed on the 13th day of October 2004.

Ilocos Sur SPTF and Survey Team identifying the location of the ADBM at Taliktik area

along the boundary of Alilem and Suyo, Ilocos Sur.

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Table 2

LAND AREA PER BARANGAY (Hectares)

Barangay Area (hectares) % Total

1. Poblacion 862.6850 5.52

2. Amilongan 559.5096 3.58

3. Anaao 987.3800 6.30

4. Apang 2,949.6230 18.88

5. Apaya 944.5315 6.05

6. Batbato 1,876.0872 12.01

7. Daddaay 5,172.8710 33.12

8. Dalawa 1,759.4527 11.26

9. Kiat 507.8608 3.30

Source: Alilem CLUP

From the table, Barangay Daddaay has the widest land area with a total of

5,172.8710 or 33.12%. Barangay Kiat has the least with an area of 507.8608

hectares. Poblacion, which is considered as the urban barangay ranks No. 7 with

a land area of 862.6850 hectares or 5.52% of the municipality’s total land area.

Out of the Provincial land area of 257.958 hectares, the municipality covers only

0.16%.

Land area covered by CADT

8,341.1505 hectares per approved CADT in November 2, 2005

except for 293.4513 hectares excluded portions due to unsettled

boundaries with Sugpon and Suyo

9,876.004 titled lots registered with the Register of Deeds of Ilocos

Sur

0_ lots unsurveyed agricultural and residential lands

3,880.272 lots classified as agricultural lands

167.6944 lots classified as residential lands

547,7917 lots covered by ISF issued by the DENR and classified as

forest reserves

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Table 3

LAND AREA PER BARANGAY INCLUDING DISPUTED AREAS

MUNICIPALITY OF ALILEM

Barangay Undisputed

Area

Common

Area

Total Land

Area/Brgy.

%

Total

1. Poblacion 862.6850 862.6850 5.52

2. Amilongan 559.5096 559.5096 3.58

3. Anaao 987.3860 987.3860 6.30

4. Apang 2,949.6230 2,949.6230 18.88

5. Apaya 944.5315 944.5315 6.05

6. Batbato 1,876.0872 1,876.0872 12.01

7. Daddaay 4,902.5901 270.2899 5,172.8710 33.12

8. Dalawa 1,759.4527 1,759.4527 11.26

9. Kiat 483.6794 23.1614 507.8608 3.30

1.4. Topography

Mountainous areas of Alilem comprise a greater portion of Alilem Ancestral Domain area

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The Ancestral Domain of Alilem is hilly and mountainous. It is moderately

slopping, strongly rolling to hilly relief. The natural drainage ways are various

creeks: the Bagu, Pilingan, Bakun and Amburayan Rivers.

The highest mountain peak has a maximum elevation of 1,500 feet above

sea level particularly at Barangay Daddaay. The elevation drops gradually at

other barangays to the minimum of about 16.40 feet above sea level particularly

at Barangay Alilem Daya (Poblacion)and Dalawa.

Most of the leveled portions of every barangay usually planted with rice,

corn, legumes, root crops and other cash crops. At the higher level areas,

bananas, avocados, mangoes and coffee are the common fruit tree panted being

grown and the other portions aside from the forest areas are grasslands.

>>>>> picture of crops

Hilly portions and slopes are utilized by planting different farm crops. The above area is

planted to bananas and fruit trees and intercropped with other legumes.

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Table 4

TOPOGRAPHY

Slope% Description Location A R E A

Hectares/Percentage

0-3 Level-

nearly

level

Dalawa,Anaao

Poblacion,Kiat,Apaya

Apang, Amilongan

1,326.0 8.49

3-18 Gently

sloping to

undulating

Undulating

to rolling

Dalawa, Poblacion,

Batbato, Kiat, Apang

Anaao, Apaya,

Amilongan, Daddaay

1,835.0

11.74

18-30 Rolling to

Moderately

steep

Anaao,Amilongan

Apang 284.2 1.82

30-50 Steep hills

and moun-

tainous

Anaao, Daddaay,

Amilongan, Dalawa

Kiat, Apaya, Apang,

Batbato,poblacion

3,528.0

22.60

Above

50

Dalawa, Poblacion,

Kiat, Anaao, Apang,

Apaya, Amilongan,

Batbato, Daddaay

8,647.0

55.36

1.5. Climate, Temperature and Rainfall

The climate within the ancestral domain falls under the first type of climate

in the Philippines characterized by two (2) distinct seasons, wet and dry. The

onset of the wet season starts in May and ends in November, while the rest of

the year is dry. However, prevalence of more rains and a cooler climate is

experienced in the eastern barangays particularly Apang, Apaya, Batbato and

Daddaay.

The average temperature is 27.12 degrees Celsius which is moderately

hot. The coldest month is February with 25.5 degrees Celsius and the hottest is

May with a recorded temperature of 28.5 degrees Celsius.

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The annual average number of rainy days is 89 and the month of August

has the highest number of rainy days. However, the highest volume of monthly

rainfall recorded was in July.

1.6. Soil Type/Class

There are two types of soil as determined by the Ilocos Sur Soil Services,

Department of Agriculture:

Bauang Soil Series – characterized by light brown to light reddish brown,

friable, coarse granular clay, loam surface light brown to light reddish brown,

friable, coarse granular clay, loam surface soil.

The Amburayan River overcast by fogs especially during rainy season.

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Peñaranda Series – member of the fine loamy, characterized by clark

brown to grayish brown loam to silt loam.

1.7. Water Tributaries

The ancestral domain is traversed by two major rivers, the Amburayan

and Bakun Rivers, and two secondary rivers, the Bago and Pilingan Rivers,

which originated in Benguet Province particularly the municipalities of Bakun and

Kibungan. These rivers leading down to the China Sea pose danger especially

during rainy season to the barangays along the river banks due to erosion and

flooding.

A portion of the Bago River over Barangay Apang, Alilem, Ilocos Sur. It is one of the two secondary rivers contributory to the Amburayan River.

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Table 5

WATER TRIBUTARIES

Major Rivers Origin Tributaries Areas

Supplied

(in

hectares)

1.Bakun

River

Bakun

Municipality

Bago River, Pilipil,

Sunap, Asin,

Pagogo, Tucao,

Tungeb, Macdaar,

Pukipok, Kulipkip,

Ayusan & Tukao

Creeks

Amilongan,

Dalawa and

Poblacion

2.Bago River Urzadan and

Sayangan

Creek

Kinpadako, Saped,

Pilaodan, Kinkuteng,

Payaw, Anglabi,

Malanas, Kangguan,

Kinbuagi,

Kamanpayok,

Tabuliling, Tuyakap

and Gusadan

Apang

3.Pilingan

River

Daddaay Pilingan(Man-

ubak)Pilingan(Panong

an)Leyang Magay-

udang

Apaya,

Macmacyas,

Man-ubak,

Paytokan &

Dadda-ay

4.Amburayan

River

Benguet Gambong, Pasing,

Kinalugong,

Palanpas,

Kenlino, Tanggawan,

Ken Sidio, and

Pangda Creek,

Balingawan Brook

(11.5

hectares)

1.8. Water Resources

Table 6

DIVERSE WATER SPECIES FOUND IN ALILEM

Species Status Usage

Fresh

Water

Fish

Species

Udang/Padaw

Karpa

Sumayet

Tibek

Abundant

Abundant

Abundant

Seasonal

For food

Food

Food

Food

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Bukto/purong

Tilapia

Kampa

Ampo

Paltat

Dalag

Kiwet/egat

Butabot

Sisiam

Birot

kurileng

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

Rare

Rare

Rare

Rare

>said to be

an

endangered

specie

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

food

Frog Tengbean

Kalabad/karabad

Pattangan

Bakala

Lat-o

Dadapi

Burarong

Bagsang

Bulanbulan

Babalnga

Babalnga

bintaan

2nd class

2nd class

Rare

Rare

Rare

}Near to

}extenation

}

Rare

Rare

Rare

rare

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Fresh

Water

Shells

Gusipeng

Birabid/ginga

Taggingging

Bisokol/snail

Lesdeg

Cappo

Bennek

Agatol/kappi

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

abundant

Seasonal

Few

Seasonal

abundant

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Food

Fresh

water

vegetables

Balangeg

Gabi

Tansoy

Pako

Pikan

Bilagot

Bulbuldok

Lagewey

Kinawang

Kalonay

Akwey/sagibsib

Abundant

Abundant

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

Seasonal

Few

abundant

Food

Food

Food

Food

food,

also

}food

for

}pigs

Food

Food

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Table 7

Native Trees Place Usage Status

Adaan

Sagat

Acasia

Dalipawen

Balite

Banaba

narra

Pakak

Mango

Avocado

Kaimito

Longboy

Scattered in

the mountains

Backyards,

farm and

mountains

Scattered in

the mountains

Scattered

anywhere

Backyards/far

ms

-do-

-do-

-do-

Lumber,firewood

Lumber/firewood

Lumber/firewood

Lumber/firewood

habitat of

wildlife,protection

from flood

lumber/firewood/habit

at of wildlife/herbal

med.

Lumber,habitat of

wildlife

Lumber/food

Fruitbearing tree

Fruitbearing tree

Fruitbearing tree

Fruitbearing tree

Abundant

Abundant

Still

abundant

abundant

abundant

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

Fresh water fishing along Alilem waters augments the IP farmers’ proceeds from their major agricultural crops. Diverse water species abound in the rivers and brooks. The picture shown is a kileb strategically constructed across the river to catch fresh water species.

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Bassiwey

Bayabas

Bugnay

Kalutit

dadaay

Salnges

Anteng

Bariwangwang

Appas

Aglan

Dao

Dalipawen

Aludig

Kalantas

bulala

kantingen

balansiagaw

apprit

Kanarem

Kuasi

Playen

Sabbang

Tebbeg

Abbal

Kiskistong

Lingolingo

Damortis

Dummanay

Liwliw

Kasiben

Rakrakipa

Pokipok

Kades

Ballay

Pamolilising

en

Balingasay

Langsan

Kottapi

Kudday

Sanak

Bullos

Baringao

Anywhere

-do-

Anywhere

Scattered

along creeks

Tamungan

Marmarsang

marmarsang

Takapan,Tubo

Public/privte

lands

-do-

Along

riverbanks

Riverbanks

kimet

Birds food/firewood

Fruitbearing tree

Firewood,fruit tree

Food

Fruitbearing,lumber

Firewood

Firewood/lumber

Firewood

Bird’s

food/firewood

Firewood

Firewood

Flood protection

Firewood/protection

from flood

Firewood/protection

from flood

Firewood

Firewood

Lumber,furniture

Furniture

Lumber

Water preservation

-do-

Firewood

Firewood

Medicinal purposes

Firewood,fruit tree

Firewood

Fence post,firewood

Lumber,furniture

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

Endangere

d tree

abundant

3rd class

-do-

-do-

Last

class

Endandered

Endangered

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Table 8

Oldest Tree Location Usage Status

Dao

Addaan

Mangga

Balite

Acasia

Pangew

Sagat

Anteng

Narra

Dalipawen

Pamunagen

Kanarem

Kuasi

Pamoklaten

Abal

Panantolen

Bangar

Gunadong

Kalontas

Kanila

Panglongboyen

Banaba

Kalautit

Abneg

Obyen

Bongon

Salngen

Kantingen

Sigyat

Talingan

Bitnong

Aluyaw

Kublay

Luy-ok

Tumadeng

Libu

Kandaruma

Abnig

Pakak

Tikoyen

Banaba

Bulala

Tomongon

Bito

Amilongan

Karayan pilipil

Karayan pilpil

Nangomalip

Balungabing

}

}

}public/private

}lands

}

Lumber

Furniture/lumber

Food/furniture

Shade

Shade/lumber

Wildlife refuge

Lumber

Wooden pistel

Bark for binding

Lumber

Lumber

Medicine & Lumber

Furniture

Food

Food & Lumber

Firewood

Shade

Lumber

Food & Lumber

Lumber

Lumber

Endangered

Endangered

Endangered

Endangered

Endangered

Endangered

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1.10. Power Supply

Table 9

Source Area Covered Household Covered

ISECO Poblacion 258

LHC Amilongan 91

LHC Anaao 141

LHC Apang 62

LHC Apaya 74

LHC Batbato 80

LHC Daddaay 73

ISECO Dalawa 178

LHC Kiat 86

The 70 megawatt Hydro-Electric Power Plant of Luzon Hydro Corp. in Sitio Pilpil, Amilongan, Alilem. A project of the NPC covering an aggregate area of 6.2 hectares of the ancestral domain of Alilem, Ilocos Sur.

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1.11. Land Classification Uses

The total land area of the municipality is 15,620 hectares. Classified as

alienable and disposable and has an area of 4,001.78 hectares or 25.60% and

forest zone is 11,618.22 or 74.38% of the municipality’s land area.

Residential – this occupies a total area of 12.077 hectares or 1.4% of the

total land area of the urban barangay. Most of the residential buildings are

single-detached and built along thoroughfares. Residential settlements

development followed a grid type formed by parallel rectangular blocks.

Most of the residential buildings are built of permanent and semi-permanent materials. Indigenous materials are mostly used for temporary shelters and crop storage in the farms.

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Commercial – there is no such as large as commercial center existing in the

municipality except for seventeen (17) sari-sari stores and one small

establishment offering wholesale trade and other services oriented

establishments. The total land area occupied by the above mentioned

establishments is 0.1062 hectares or 0.012% of the urban area.

Industrial – industrial activities are undertaken in an area of 0723 hectares

or 0.01% of the urban area. Among existing industries operating in the area are

hollow blocks making, furniture making and welding shops. Rice mills are found

within residential district.

Institutional – this existing land use occupies 3.62 hectares or 0.42% of

the urban area. The institutional uses are as follows: municipal building and other

government offices, health stations, church and schools. The municipal buildings

housed the various local government offices including the Philippine National

Police (PNP) headquarters, Post Office, COMELEC, Telecom Office and the

Municipal Circuit Trial Court while the Municipal Health Clinic is a separate

building.

Agricultural – an area of 378.4335 hectares or 46.14% is devoted to

agricultural purposes. Most of the crops produced are palay, vegetables, corn,

root crops, tobacco and others. The elevated portions are devoted for banana

and fruit tree crops and the fresh water portions are utilized for non-commercial

fishing areas.