Artificial Intelligence: Just a Beginning

Intelligence is the ability to learn about, to learn from, to understand about, and interact with one’s environment.

Intelligence is not to make no mistakes but quickly to understand how to make them good.

...A German Poet…

What is Intelligence???

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The branch of computer science which aims to create machines with “intelligence” or making intelligence machines.

Basis of field is that “intelligence” can be described by a machine. Which raises many philosophical questions.

What is Artificial Intelligence?

How Does AI Works??

Artificial intelligence works with the help of

•Artificial Neurons (Artificial Neural Network) And

•Scientific theorems(If-Then Statements, Logics)

Artificial neural networks are

composed of interconnecting

artificial neurons

(programming, that mimic

the properties of biological

neurons).

What is Neural Networking??

Dendrites: Accepts Inputs

Soma: Processes the Inputs

Axon: Turns the processed inputs into outputs

Synapses: The electrochemical contact between neurons

7

An Artificial Neuron: A sample

W1

W2

W3

Wn

∑ f

X1

X2

X3

Xn

SynapsesDendrites Body (Soma)

Axon

Output (y)

We are building intelligence in an object so that it can do what we want it to do, as for example-- robots, thus reducing human labor and reducing human mistakes .

Why we Need Artificial intelligence

PROSPECTOR:Used by geologists to identify

sites for drilling or mining

PUFF:Medical system

for diagnosis of respi-ratory conditions

Applications of AI

LITHIAN: Gives advice to archaeologists examining stone tools

DENDRAL: Used to identify the structure of chemical compounds. First used in 1965

Robots

ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) Created by Honda Motor Company in 1986…

A machine resembling a human being and able to replicate certain human movements and functions.

Laws of Robotics

Isaac Asimov wrote a set of three rules in his classic I, Robot which all robots must obey: A robot may not injure a

human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Impact of AI

Decreased demand for human labor

Enhancement of human ability or experience

Redefinition of human identity and basic values (e.g. intelligence)

…………….

Awareness: AI in Fiction Movies

Servants: Star Wars (R2D2)

Comrade: Star Trek Lt. Commander Data

Extension of Human Abilities: Ghost in the Shell

Conqueror: The MatrixA Race: StarcraftSelf Intelligence :I RobotFeelings*: Robocop

Man :Machine

Several futurists argue that artificial intelligence will transcend the limits of progress and human intelligence.

This idea is based on Moore’s Law (1965-2007): Relentless exponential

improvement in digital technology with mysterious accuracy.

Gordon Moore’s Law

This law predicts that desktop computers will have the same processing power as human brains by the year 2029.

2045: AI will reach a point where it is able to improve itself at a rate that far exceeds anything in the past.

Man + Machine: Cyborgs

Several futurists believe that human beings and robots will merge to create cyborgs more capable and powerful than either.

This idea is called trans-humanism.

RoboCop

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Difference Between Humans and Machines

Humans (and animals) use prior knowledge to deal with sensory input. The process involves a complex of bottom-up and top-down processes.

It is hard to develop algorithms for a barely understood process.

Certainly, we cannot match human behavior by a machine, unless the machine has prior knowledge of its environment.

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The Big Obstacle to General AI

We have too little knowledge of how the brain works, especially how context is conditional and brought into play.

Adding more CPU power helps only if we understand the problem (as in the case of chess), so general advances in computing are not likely to help.

Once we accept that humans and computers are fundamentally different machines we should not try to imitate the way humans solve a problem.

Human Intelligence & Artificial Intelligence

Human Intelligence & Artificial Intelligence

Human Intelligence

Intuition, Common sense, Judgment, Creativity, Beliefs etc

The ability to demonstrate their intelligence by communicating effectively

Plausible Reasoning and Critical thinking

Artificial Intelligence

Ability to simulate human behavior and cognitive processes

Capture and preserve human expertise

Fast Response. The ability to comprehend large amounts of data quickly.

Pros

• Humans are fallible• They have limited

knowledge bases• Information processing of

serial nature proceed very slowly in the brain as compared to computers

Humans are unable to retain large amounts of data in memory.

No “common sense”Cannot readily deal with

“mixed” knowledgeMay have high

development costsRaise legal and ethical

concerns

Human Intelligence & Artificial Intelligence

Human Intelligence Artificial Intelligence

Cons

Human Intelligence VS Artificial Intelligence

We achieve more than we know. We know more than we understand. We understand more than we can explain……Claude Bernard, French scientific philosopher

Final Perspective

For Humans Intelligence is no more than TAKING a right decision at right time

And

For Machines Artificial Intelligence is no more than CHOOSING a right decision at right time

I think Artificial intelligence is the Second intelligence ever to exist

The special ability of artificial intelligence is to reach a solution, based on facts rather than on a preset series of steps—is what most closely resembles the thinking function of the human brain.

Conclusion

AI is Close to Human Brain

Thank You

Our Attempt To Build Models Of Ourselves.

Elaine Rich

Be Not Afraid Of Falling Be Afraid Of Not Trying

ASIMO capabilities

Recognition of moving objects

Recognition of posture and gesture

Environmental recognitionDistinguishing soundsFacial Recognition

ASIMO capabilities in detail

The robot can follow and greet a person Can recognize when a handshake is offered and wave in back to

someone Can distinguish objects and terrain in its environment Distinguish between voices and other sounds Identify 10 different faces and once they are registered they can

respond to them by name

Pros

It can do tedious chores that take up a lot of time

Help the elderly and disabled

Can perform certain tasks that are dangerous to humans

Productivity can increase

Cons

People fear that robot will take over their job

Less personal communication

Fear that robots will take over human activity

Current Work

Inspiring young scientist

Education

it can be an extra set of hands, ears, eyes for humans

Make it more affordable than its one million price currently

Reference Page

"ASIMO." Wilipedia, the free encyclopedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/asimo>.

"Honda- The Power of Dreams." 2008. American Honda Motor Company. 15 Nov. 2008 <http://www.honda.com/power-of-dreams/#home>.

Obringer, Lee A., and Jonathan Strickland. "How ASIMO works." How Stuff Works. <http:/http://science.howstuffworks.com/asimo5.htm>.