Intelligence is the ability to learn about, to learn from, to understand about, and interact with one’s environment.
Intelligence is not to make no mistakes but quickly to understand how to make them good.
...A German Poet…
What is Intelligence???
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The branch of computer science which aims to create machines with “intelligence” or making intelligence machines.
Basis of field is that “intelligence” can be described by a machine. Which raises many philosophical questions.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
How Does AI Works??
Artificial intelligence works with the help of
•Artificial Neurons (Artificial Neural Network) And
•Scientific theorems(If-Then Statements, Logics)
Artificial neural networks are
composed of interconnecting
artificial neurons
(programming, that mimic
the properties of biological
neurons).
What is Neural Networking??
Dendrites: Accepts Inputs
Soma: Processes the Inputs
Axon: Turns the processed inputs into outputs
Synapses: The electrochemical contact between neurons
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An Artificial Neuron: A sample
W1
W2
W3
Wn
∑ f
X1
X2
X3
Xn
SynapsesDendrites Body (Soma)
Axon
Output (y)
We are building intelligence in an object so that it can do what we want it to do, as for example-- robots, thus reducing human labor and reducing human mistakes .
Why we Need Artificial intelligence
PROSPECTOR:Used by geologists to identify
sites for drilling or mining
PUFF:Medical system
for diagnosis of respi-ratory conditions
Applications of AI
LITHIAN: Gives advice to archaeologists examining stone tools
DENDRAL: Used to identify the structure of chemical compounds. First used in 1965
Robots
ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) Created by Honda Motor Company in 1986…
A machine resembling a human being and able to replicate certain human movements and functions.
Laws of Robotics
Isaac Asimov wrote a set of three rules in his classic I, Robot which all robots must obey: A robot may not injure a
human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Impact of AI
Decreased demand for human labor
Enhancement of human ability or experience
Redefinition of human identity and basic values (e.g. intelligence)
…………….
Awareness: AI in Fiction Movies
Servants: Star Wars (R2D2)
Comrade: Star Trek Lt. Commander Data
Extension of Human Abilities: Ghost in the Shell
Conqueror: The MatrixA Race: StarcraftSelf Intelligence :I RobotFeelings*: Robocop
Man :Machine
Several futurists argue that artificial intelligence will transcend the limits of progress and human intelligence.
This idea is based on Moore’s Law (1965-2007): Relentless exponential
improvement in digital technology with mysterious accuracy.
Gordon Moore’s Law
This law predicts that desktop computers will have the same processing power as human brains by the year 2029.
2045: AI will reach a point where it is able to improve itself at a rate that far exceeds anything in the past.
Man + Machine: Cyborgs
Several futurists believe that human beings and robots will merge to create cyborgs more capable and powerful than either.
This idea is called trans-humanism.
RoboCop
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Difference Between Humans and Machines
Humans (and animals) use prior knowledge to deal with sensory input. The process involves a complex of bottom-up and top-down processes.
It is hard to develop algorithms for a barely understood process.
Certainly, we cannot match human behavior by a machine, unless the machine has prior knowledge of its environment.
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The Big Obstacle to General AI
We have too little knowledge of how the brain works, especially how context is conditional and brought into play.
Adding more CPU power helps only if we understand the problem (as in the case of chess), so general advances in computing are not likely to help.
Once we accept that humans and computers are fundamentally different machines we should not try to imitate the way humans solve a problem.
Human Intelligence & Artificial Intelligence
Human Intelligence
Intuition, Common sense, Judgment, Creativity, Beliefs etc
The ability to demonstrate their intelligence by communicating effectively
Plausible Reasoning and Critical thinking
Artificial Intelligence
Ability to simulate human behavior and cognitive processes
Capture and preserve human expertise
Fast Response. The ability to comprehend large amounts of data quickly.
Pros
• Humans are fallible• They have limited
knowledge bases• Information processing of
serial nature proceed very slowly in the brain as compared to computers
Humans are unable to retain large amounts of data in memory.
No “common sense”Cannot readily deal with
“mixed” knowledgeMay have high
development costsRaise legal and ethical
concerns
Human Intelligence & Artificial Intelligence
Human Intelligence Artificial Intelligence
Cons
Human Intelligence VS Artificial Intelligence
We achieve more than we know. We know more than we understand. We understand more than we can explain……Claude Bernard, French scientific philosopher
Final Perspective
For Humans Intelligence is no more than TAKING a right decision at right time
And
For Machines Artificial Intelligence is no more than CHOOSING a right decision at right time
I think Artificial intelligence is the Second intelligence ever to exist
The special ability of artificial intelligence is to reach a solution, based on facts rather than on a preset series of steps—is what most closely resembles the thinking function of the human brain.
Conclusion
AI is Close to Human Brain
ASIMO capabilities
Recognition of moving objects
Recognition of posture and gesture
Environmental recognitionDistinguishing soundsFacial Recognition
ASIMO capabilities in detail
The robot can follow and greet a person Can recognize when a handshake is offered and wave in back to
someone Can distinguish objects and terrain in its environment Distinguish between voices and other sounds Identify 10 different faces and once they are registered they can
respond to them by name
Pros
It can do tedious chores that take up a lot of time
Help the elderly and disabled
Can perform certain tasks that are dangerous to humans
Productivity can increase
Cons
People fear that robot will take over their job
Less personal communication
Fear that robots will take over human activity
Current Work
Inspiring young scientist
Education
it can be an extra set of hands, ears, eyes for humans
Make it more affordable than its one million price currently
Reference Page
"ASIMO." Wilipedia, the free encyclopedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/asimo>.
"Honda- The Power of Dreams." 2008. American Honda Motor Company. 15 Nov. 2008 <http://www.honda.com/power-of-dreams/#home>.
Obringer, Lee A., and Jonathan Strickland. "How ASIMO works." How Stuff Works. <http:/http://science.howstuffworks.com/asimo5.htm>.