Agglomeraon+Economies+&+Global+Ci)es:+ … ·...

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Agglomera)on Economies & Global Ci)es: the case of London, New York & rela)vity Lynne Michael London ERES Conference Istanbul June 2015

Transcript of Agglomeraon+Economies+&+Global+Ci)es:+ … ·...

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Agglomera)on  Economies  &  Global  Ci)es:  the  case  of  London,  New  York  &  rela)vity  

Lynne  Michael    London  

ERES  Conference  Istanbul    June  -­‐  2015  

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Presenta@on  Outline  and  Objec@ves  

Aim:    examine  change  in  agglomera@on  associated  with  development  of  Global  Ci@es.  

Iden@fy  any  change  in  property  investor  preference  between  London  and  New  York  pre  

and  post  GFC.  

General  background  to  the  issue  

Trends  in  exis)ng  research  

Emerging  change  in  agglomera)on  drivers    

Method:  induc)ve  reasoning  and  secondary  data    provided  by  RCA,  

examine  pre  and  post  GFC  commercial    transac)ons  plus  the  rela)onship  

between  GVA  and  transac)on  volumes  for  London  

Conclusion  and    areas  for  future  inves)ga)on  

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Researchers  differ  in  their  thoughts  as  to  what  contributes  to  city  growth.    

Marshall’s  theory  relies  on  specialisa)on  aLrac)ng  like  

industry  &  benefits  of  economies  of  scale  

Jacobs  theory  relies  on  diversity  s)mula)ng  growth  and  further  diversity  –  import  replacement  &  new  business  built  on  old  (Jacobs,  

1970)  

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Wealth  producing  industries  -­‐  highly  knowledge  dependant.  

Knowledge  spillover  benefits  drive  spa)al  effect  in  land  use  

agglomera)on.  Human  capital  value  importance.  

Distance  &  agglomera)on  economies  are  more  central  

Exis)ng  research:  Despite  a  ‘)me-­‐space  compression’  

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My  study  relates  Jacob’s  theories  of  agglomera)on  to  London  and  New  York  IFCs  determining  the  

dominant  recipient  of  commercial  property  

investment  funds.  

Furthermore,    to  connect  

contemporary  agglomera)on  

and  self-­‐augmenta)on  

theories.  

Using  RCA  data    2  periods,  pre  and  post  GFC,  were  analysed,  i.e.  2000-­‐07,                2008-­‐14  

 Why?  

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Capital  flows  in,  out  and  within  ci)es  have  been  examined  but  total  rela)vity  between    investment  flows  to  London  and  New  York  have  not  been  explored.    My  research  aim  is  to    test:  a)    London  and  New  York  rela)vity  in  commercial  real  estate  transac)ons  from  2000  to  2014  b)  ‘self-­‐augmenta)on’  via  efficient  knowledge  economies    RCA  secondary  data  is  analysed  to:  Describe  the  comparable  vola)lity  and  strength  of  capital  flows      

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 Figure1:  Commercial  real  estate  transac)ons  New  York  and  London  2000  –  2013  

•  Source:  Author  complied  RCA  data  

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•  Self  Augmenta)on  •  An  ini)al  explora)on  of  the  value  of  human  capital  in  self-­‐

augmen)ng  agglomera)on    •  Regression  of  total  Gross  Value  Added  (GVA)  with  commercial  

real  estate  transac)ons  for  London.  

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•  Concluding  •  London/New  York  analysis  indicates    lower  vola)lity  and  

beLer  es)mate  for  London.    •  A  posi)ve  rela)onship  between  GVA  and  commercial  real  

estate  transac)ons  •  Future  research  into  linking  knowledge  economy  drivers  and  

agglomera)on  include:  

•  Money  supply    •  Employment    and  income  figures  in  financial  and  advanced  

producer  services  industries  •  Exchange  rates    •  High  end  residen)al  real  estate  ac)vity  

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Thank  you  for  listening    

Any  ques)ons?