Age of Jackson. Election of 1824 ► Jackson vs Adams vs Crawford vs Clay.

Age of JacksonAge of Jackson

Election of 1824Election of 1824

► Jackson vs Adams vs Crawford vs ClayJackson vs Adams vs Crawford vs Clay

Nominee John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson

Party DemocraticRepublicanDemocraticRepublican

Home state Massachusetts Tennessee

Electoral vote 84 99

States carried 13 (after vote in House) 7 (after vote in House) Popular vote 113,122 151,271

Percentage 30.9% 41.3%

Nominee William H. Crawford Henry Clay

Party Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican

Home state Georgia Kentucky


States carried 4 (after vote in House) --

Popular vote 40,856 47,531


►Election goes to the HouseElection goes to the House►Henry Clay not part of top three so is Henry Clay not part of top three so is

ineligibleineligible►Henry Clay is Speaker of the House of Henry Clay is Speaker of the House of

RepresentativesRepresentatives► John Quincy Adams is named president John Quincy Adams is named president

on Feb. 9, 1825on Feb. 9, 1825


►Adams names Clay his Sec. of StateAdams names Clay his Sec. of State►Goes down as the “Corrupt Bargain”Goes down as the “Corrupt Bargain”►Adams is hurt by unpopular policiesAdams is hurt by unpopular policies

John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

►ambitious program for modernization ambitious program for modernization that included roads, canals, a national that included roads, canals, a national university, an astronomical observatoryuniversity, an astronomical observatory

►The support for his proposals was The support for his proposals was limited, even from his own party limited, even from his own party

►He was sympathetic to Indian issuesHe was sympathetic to Indian issues►He is successful at building a number of He is successful at building a number of

canalscanals

Protective Tariff--1828Protective Tariff--1828

►Expands the protective tariff Expands the protective tariff ►Part of the American SystemPart of the American System►Henry Clay supports itHenry Clay supports it► John C. Calhoun opposes itJohn C. Calhoun opposes it►Seems to hurt the South more than Seems to hurt the South more than

the Norththe North►Becomes known as the Tariff of Becomes known as the Tariff of

AbominationsAbominations

Issues of 1828Issues of 1828

► Jackson attacked for:Jackson attacked for: Marrying his wife Rachel before she was Marrying his wife Rachel before she was

officially divorcedofficially divorced His court martial and execution of His court martial and execution of

deserters (Coffin Handbills)deserters (Coffin Handbills) His massacre of IndiansHis massacre of Indians His habit of dueling His habit of dueling

Issues of 1828Issues of 1828

Attacks on AdamsAttacks on Adams Public funds to buy gambling devices for Public funds to buy gambling devices for

the White House—a pool table and a the White House—a pool table and a chess setchess set

As minister to Russia, he was accused of As minister to Russia, he was accused of turning over a servant girl to the tsar of turning over a servant girl to the tsar of RussiaRussia

CampaigningCampaigning

►Many members of Congress supported Many members of Congress supported Jackson and made it difficult for Adams Jackson and made it difficult for Adams to get any policies through Congressto get any policies through Congress

Change in Campaign StyleChange in Campaign Style

► The new democratic organization kept in The new democratic organization kept in close correspondence, built a network of close correspondence, built a network of party newspapers, and created all sorts of party newspapers, and created all sorts of spectacles, parades and identifying devices. spectacles, parades and identifying devices.

► Symbols of "Old Hickory" were everywhere. Symbols of "Old Hickory" were everywhere. Large hickory poles erected in town squares Large hickory poles erected in town squares or smaller ones attached to signs, steeples, or smaller ones attached to signs, steeples, and fore and aft on steam boats. and fore and aft on steam boats.

► In New York there was a parade a mile long. In New York there was a parade a mile long. Hickory brooms also stood for 'Hickory' Hickory brooms also stood for 'Hickory' sweeping out the filth of corruption. sweeping out the filth of corruption.

Change in Campaign StyleChange in Campaign Style

► Jackson supporters played to the Jackson supporters played to the Northeastern manufacturing interests by Northeastern manufacturing interests by passing high protective tariffs. passing high protective tariffs.

► Jackson favored tariffs for raising revenue, if Jackson favored tariffs for raising revenue, if kept within fairly modest bounds, as well as kept within fairly modest bounds, as well as to protect industries vital to the country's to protect industries vital to the country's defense. defense.

► Jackson walked a thin line on this matter, Jackson walked a thin line on this matter, saying he was for a "judicious tariff" and saying he was for a "judicious tariff" and getting some ridicule for this. getting some ridicule for this.

►Number of votes quadrupled over Number of votes quadrupled over 18241824

►Took away property requirements for Took away property requirements for votingvoting

Nominee Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams

Party Democratic National Republican

Home state Tennessee Massachusetts

Running mate John C. Calhoun, William Smith Richard Rush


States carried 15 9

Popular vote 642,553 500,897


Election of

1828

Change in PoliticsChange in Politics

► Jackson followers become the Jackson followers become the Democratic PartyDemocratic Party

►Martin Van Buren from New YorkMartin Van Buren from New York

Changes to the Political ProcessChanges to the Political Process

►CaucusesCaucuses►Nominating ConventionsNominating Conventions►PatronagePatronage►Spoils SystemSpoils System

Indian Removal Act--1830Indian Removal Act--1830

► Jackson lacks faith in either of two Jackson lacks faith in either of two Indian policiesIndian policies

►AssimilationAssimilation►ExterminationExtermination

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

► Jackson passes Indian Removal Act as a Jackson passes Indian Removal Act as a way of getting Indians out of lands desired way of getting Indians out of lands desired by white Americansby white Americans

► Black Hawk WarBlack Hawk War

Black Hawk WarBlack Hawk War

►The population of Illinois exploded The population of Illinois exploded following the War of 1812 exceeding following the War of 1812 exceeding 150,000 by 1830150,000 by 1830

► In 1828 the Sauk signed a treaty which In 1828 the Sauk signed a treaty which relinquished their control of land east relinquished their control of land east of the Mississippiof the Mississippi

►Nevertheless, Black Hawk returned to Nevertheless, Black Hawk returned to Illinois in 1829, 1830 and 1831 Illinois in 1829, 1830 and 1831 drawing the ire of the white settlersdrawing the ire of the white settlers

Indian IssuesIndian Issues

► Osceola led a group Osceola led a group of Seminoles of Seminoles against the U.S. as against the U.S. as they avoided being they avoided being moved out of moved out of FloridaFlorida

► Osceola died of Osceola died of malaria in 1838malaria in 1838

Indian IssuesIndian Issues

►Cherokee did not want to leave their Cherokee did not want to leave their homes in Georgia and challenged the homes in Georgia and challenged the U.S. governments ability to make them U.S. governments ability to make them leaveleave

►Worcester v. GeorgiaWorcester v. Georgia

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

►Five Civilized Tribes——Cherokee(1838), (1838), Chickasaw(1837), (1837), Choctaw(1831), (1831), Muscogee (Creek)(1834), and (1834), and Seminole(1832) are moved to (1832) are moved to OklahomaOklahoma

►1000 mile trip in horrible conditions1000 mile trip in horrible conditions►4000 of 15000 Cherokee died on the 4000 of 15000 Cherokee died on the

triptrip

Protective Tariff--1828Protective Tariff--1828

►Under the American System, the Under the American System, the protective tariff gradually increasedprotective tariff gradually increased

►The tariff seemed to help the industrial The tariff seemed to help the industrial North at the expense of the SouthNorth at the expense of the South

►The South wanted the Tariff removedThe South wanted the Tariff removed► Jackson was in favor of maintaining Jackson was in favor of maintaining

the tariffthe tariff

Jackson vs. CalhounJackson vs. Calhoun

►Calhoun’s wife refused to welcome Calhoun’s wife refused to welcome Peggy Eaton to Washington society. Peggy Eaton to Washington society. Her husband was the Sec. of War. Her husband was the Sec. of War.

►Her first husband had died while out to Her first husband had died while out to sea in the Mediterraneansea in the Mediterranean

►Calhoun was in favor of spending Calhoun was in favor of spending federal money on internal federal money on internal improvements while Jackson opposed improvements while Jackson opposed this (Maysville Rd. Bill)this (Maysville Rd. Bill)

Jackson v. CalhounJackson v. Calhoun

► Jackson favored the protective tariff as Jackson favored the protective tariff as Calhoun opposed itCalhoun opposed it

► Jackson found letters of Calhoun from Jackson found letters of Calhoun from 1818 which criticized Jackson’s actions 1818 which criticized Jackson’s actions in Floridain Florida

►Calhoun spoke out against the tariff in Calhoun spoke out against the tariff in S.C.S.C.

► John C. Calhoun’s (vice president) John C. Calhoun’s (vice president) nullification theorynullification theory

► In 1832 S.C. held a convention voting to In 1832 S.C. held a convention voting to oppose the tariff oppose the tariff

► Jackson sent the military to Charleston, Jackson sent the military to Charleston, S.C. to enforce the collection of the tariffS.C. to enforce the collection of the tariff

►Force BillForce Bill►Calhoun allows Robert Hayne of S.C. to Calhoun allows Robert Hayne of S.C. to

debate the topic for himdebate the topic for him

Jefferson Day DinnerJefferson Day Dinner

►Robert Hayne began by toasting to began by toasting to "The Union of the States, and the "The Union of the States, and the Sovereignty of the States." Sovereignty of the States."

► Jackson rose, and in a booming voice Jackson rose, and in a booming voice added "Our federal Union: It must be added "Our federal Union: It must be preserved!" – a clear challenge to preserved!" – a clear challenge to Calhoun. Calhoun.

►Calhoun clarified his position by Calhoun clarified his position by responding "The Union: Next to our responding "The Union: Next to our Liberty, the most dear” Liberty, the most dear”

Tariff of AbominationsTariff of Abominations

►Hayne v. Webster debateHayne v. Webster debate Speeches in the Senate where Hayne said Speeches in the Senate where Hayne said

the U.S. was a grouping of sovereign the U.S. was a grouping of sovereign states while Webster referred to the US as states while Webster referred to the US as one nationone nation

►South CarolinaSouth Carolina►Henry Clay’s compromiseHenry Clay’s compromise

Gradual reduction of the tariff over the Gradual reduction of the tariff over the course of 10 yearscourse of 10 years

Bank WarBank War

►Reelection issue for 1832Reelection issue for 1832►The Bank was not to be rechartered The Bank was not to be rechartered

until well after the election of 1832until well after the election of 1832►Henry Clay believed the bank was very Henry Clay believed the bank was very

popular and pushed the issue to turn popular and pushed the issue to turn people against Jacksonpeople against Jackson

►Nicholas Biddle applied for recharter 4 Nicholas Biddle applied for recharter 4 years ahead of timeyears ahead of time


Electoral vote 219 49 States carried 16 6 Popular vote 701,780 484,205 Percentage 54.2% 37.4%

Andrew Jackson Henry Clay

King AndrewKing AndrewAnti-Jackson poster shows Andrew Jackson as a monarch trampling the Constitution, the federal judiciary, and the Bank of the United States

22ndnd National Bank National Bank

► Nicholas BiddleNicholas Biddle► Philadelphia Philadelphia

aristocrataristocrat► Jackson portrays the Jackson portrays the

bank as a bank as a “monster”“monster”

► Jackson vetoes the Jackson vetoes the Bank BillBank Bill

► Jackson’s pet banks—Jackson begins to Jackson’s pet banks—Jackson begins to withdraw federal money from the withdraw federal money from the National Bank and places it in various National Bank and places it in various state banksstate banks

►Biddle begins to dwindle the money Biddle begins to dwindle the money supply to make people understand supply to make people understand how important the bank ishow important the bank is

►Panic of 1833Panic of 1833

Panic of 1833Panic of 1833

►Biddle wanted to force Jackson to Biddle wanted to force Jackson to recharter the bankrecharter the bank

►The Bank wanted all old loans repaidThe Bank wanted all old loans repaid►The Bank would not accept any no The Bank would not accept any no

loansloans►A bill to recharter failed in Congress in A bill to recharter failed in Congress in

18341834►The Bank was doomedThe Bank was doomed

Results of Bank WarResults of Bank War

►New York emerges as the financial New York emerges as the financial capital of the U.S.capital of the U.S.

►Creation of the Whig PartyCreation of the Whig Party


►Martin Van Buren is Jackson’s choice to Martin Van Buren is Jackson’s choice to succeed himsucceed him

►Whigs run 4 sectional candidatesWhigs run 4 sectional candidates►Why?Why?►To throw the election to the House of To throw the election to the House of

RepresentativesRepresentatives►Van Buren destroys Whigs hopes with Van Buren destroys Whigs hopes with

majority in the electoral collegemajority in the electoral college

Van Buren New York Democrat

Harrison Ohio Whig Party West

White Tennessee Whig Party South

Webster Massachusetts Whig Party New England

Mangum North Carolina Whig Party S. Carolina


Depression of 1837Depression of 1837

► Brought on by the economic policies of Brought on by the economic policies of Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

► Land boom—lands open up with Indian Land boom—lands open up with Indian relocation actrelocation act

► Many lands in the West are being overvaluedMany lands in the West are being overvalued► Jackson’s refusal to recharter the 2Jackson’s refusal to recharter the 2ndnd

National Bank leads to a weak banking National Bank leads to a weak banking systemsystem

► Jackson issues the Specie Circular because of Jackson issues the Specie Circular because of the land boomthe land boom

Specie CircularSpecie Circular

►““Specie” means gold and silverSpecie” means gold and silver►Ends “soft money” purchases of land in Ends “soft money” purchases of land in

the Westthe West►All land purchases must be backed by All land purchases must be backed by

gold and silvergold and silver►Paper money was being used by the Paper money was being used by the

gov’t to pay for railroad and canal gov’t to pay for railroad and canal buildingbuilding

►Moves gold and silver to the West as Moves gold and silver to the West as Eastern banks really needed itEastern banks really needed it

In June of 1836 Congress passed the Distribution Act which called for the distribution of the accumulated treasury surplus be distributed to the states on January 1 of 1837. The surplus was to be transferred to state banks which were to make payment to the states in specie (gold and silver). After Congress adjourned President Andrew Jackson issued his Specie Circular that required that after August 15, 1836 that only specie be accepted in payment for government land sales. Jackson's purpose in issuing the Specie Circular was to curb speculation in land. The effect was to reduce the money supply by depreciating the value of banknotes which constituted a major part of the money supply. The Specie Circular did not make the bank notes valueless, it simply made their value relative to specie substantially less than it had been before. This effective reduction in the money supply brought about a deflation which in turn resulted in the failure of many enterprises, including farmers, who had paid high prices for resources such as land with borrowed funds expecting to pay off the loans with production selling at a higher price level.

Depression of 1837Depression of 1837

►Hurts the cotton economy as cotton Hurts the cotton economy as cotton was being devalued as America used was being devalued as America used cotton as collateral in loanscotton as collateral in loans

►The effects of the depression are felt The effects of the depression are felt throughout the worldthroughout the world

Martin “Van Ruin”Martin “Van Ruin”

►Van Buren takes the heat for the Van Buren takes the heat for the depression and is known as Martin depression and is known as Martin “Van Ruin”“Van Ruin”

►Hurts the cotton economy as cotton Hurts the cotton economy as cotton was being devalued as America used was being devalued as America used cotton as collateral in loanscotton as collateral in loans

►The Depression dominates Van The Depression dominates Van Buren’s termBuren’s term


►Martin Van Buren will run for reelectionMartin Van Buren will run for reelection►William Henry Harrison defeats Henry William Henry Harrison defeats Henry

Clay to gain the nomination of the Whig Clay to gain the nomination of the Whig PartyParty

► John Tyler from Virginia is chosen as John Tyler from Virginia is chosen as Harrison’s running mateHarrison’s running mate

►Tyler had broken with the Democrats Tyler had broken with the Democrats over the nullification crisisover the nullification crisis

ElectioneeringElectioneering

► Tippecanoe and Tyler tooTippecanoe and Tyler too► Harrison portrayed as the “hard cider” Harrison portrayed as the “hard cider”

candidate from the backwoods candidate from the backwoods ► Pictured sitting on his “log cabin” porchPictured sitting on his “log cabin” porch► Harrison avoided campaigning on any issues Harrison avoided campaigning on any issues

instead presenting himself as a war heroinstead presenting himself as a war hero► Let Van from his coolers of silver drink wineLet Van from his coolers of silver drink wine

And lounge on his cushioned settee,And lounge on his cushioned settee,Our man on a buckeye bench can recline,Our man on a buckeye bench can recline,Content with hard cider is he.Content with hard cider is he.


Electoral Vote 234 60 States Carried 19 7 Popular vote 1,275,390 1,128,854 Percentage 52.9% 46.8%

Wm. Henry Harrison Martin Van Buren

•80% of the Electorate voted

Inauguration March, 1841Inauguration March, 1841

►Harrison gave the longest inaugural Harrison gave the longest inaugural address in historyaddress in history

► It was a cold and blustery day and It was a cold and blustery day and Harrison refused to wear a topcoatHarrison refused to wear a topcoat

►He caught a wicked cold and died a He caught a wicked cold and died a month latermonth later

►Tyler, a former Democrat, succeeds to Tyler, a former Democrat, succeeds to the Presidencythe Presidency

John TylerJohn Tyler

►Tyler follows many Democratic policies Tyler follows many Democratic policies when elected Presidentwhen elected President

►The Whigs are angered at the turn of The Whigs are angered at the turn of eventsevents

►Tyler maintains a strong state systemTyler maintains a strong state system

Legacy of JacksonLegacy of Jackson

►Campaign styleCampaign style►ElectioneeringElectioneering►Voter participationVoter participation►Access of the average Americans to Access of the average Americans to

the political systemthe political system

Age of Jackson. Election of 1824 ► Jackson vs Adams vs Crawford vs Clay.

Documents

Transcript of Age of Jackson. Election of 1824 ► Jackson vs Adams vs Crawford vs Clay.