APRESENTATION ON

ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL

2013-2014 SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- Mr. DURGESH KUMAR VIPUL KUMAR JAIN (EC/10/128) Mr. PRAVEEN AGARWAL VIBHOR RATHI (EC/10/148) SHWETA SHARMA (EC/10/99)

SHUBHAM CHOUDHARY (EC/10/97) SHRAVAN CHOUDHARY (EC/10/96)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONPOORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ISI-2, RIICO INSTITUTIONAL AREA, JAIPUR

CONTENTS IntroductionAvailabilityWorking PrincipleWorking of Adaptive Cruise ControlBlock DiagramComponent RequiredSensorsMicrocontrollerController ActionAdvantagesDisadvantagesFuture ScopeConclusion 2

INTRODUCTIONThe concept of assisting driver in longitudinal vehicle

control to avoid collisions is adaptive cruise control.When switched on, this device takes up the task of

accelerating or braking to maintain a constant speed.An “Adaptive Cruise Control” (ACC) system developed as

the next generation assisted the driver to keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front.

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availabilityADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL is a common term used for

enhanced cruise control system.Depending on car maker ACC can also be called as Active

Cruise Control (BMW), Distronic (MERCEDES), Dynamic Cruise Control (TOYOTA).

PORSCHE PANAMERA

VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT

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Working principleACC works by detecting the distance and speed of the

vehicles ahead by using radar system.The time taken by the transmission and reception is the key

of the distance measurement.The shift in frequency of the reflected beam by Doppler

Effect is measured to know the speed.Depending on this speed, the brake and throttle controls are

done to keep the vehicle in a safe position with respect to the other.

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DOPPLER EFFECTDoppler Effect is the change in frequency of the waves when

there is a relative motion between the transmitting and receiving units.

The Doppler Effect can be categorize in two ways:-

DOPPLER EFFECT

HIGHER PITCH

SOUND

LOWER PITCH

SOUND7

HIGHER PITCH SOUND In this case the vehicle is speeding towards the stationary

listener.The distance between the listener and the car is decreasing.The listener will hear a higher pitch sound from the car,

which means the frequency of sound, is increased.

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LOWER PITCH SOUNDIn this case the vehicle is moving away from the listener.The distance between and the car is increasing.The listener will hear a lower pitch sound from the car, which

means the frequency of sound, is decreased.So that is the Doppler Effect in case of sound waves.

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WORKING OF ACCThe gun transmits the waves at a given frequency toward

an incoming car.Reflecting waves return to the gun at a different

frequency, depending on how fast the car being tracked is moving.

A device in the gun compares the transmission frequency to the received frequency to determine the speed of the car.

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We can design the chip or ACC having an algorithm such that it will give output only when the input signals are less than the corresponding safe distance value.

So only when the between the car and the object in front of it is less then the same distance value the embedded system will give output to the breaking and the accelerating units.

Thus the safe distance will be kept always.

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Block diagram obstacle detects

acute brakes sense radar signalread data

auto braking signal release throttle

brake signal

BLOCK DIAGRAM WHEN VEHICLE IS STOPPED13

AUTO BRAKE INDICATOR

RADAR SENSOR

ENGINE CONTROL

BRAKE ACTUATOR

RADAR

BRAKES

CONTROLLER

actuate speed sense radar signal read data

release throttle

BLOCK DIAGRAM WHEN VEHICLE IS ACCELARATED

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RADAR

SPEED ACTUATOR

CONTROLLER

ENGINE CONTROL

RADAR SENSOR

sensorsSENSOR is a converter that measure physical quantity and

converts it into signal which can be read by observer or by instrument.

SENSOR responds to an input quantity by generating a functionally related output usually in form of electrical or optical signal.

In this project three type of SENSOR can be used

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SENSORS

RADAR FUSION SENSOR

LIDAR

RADARIt is an electromagnetic system for detection and location of

vehicle.It operates by radiating energy into free space and detecting

echo signal reflected from an object.The reflected energy is not only indicative of the presence but

on comparison with the transmitted signal , other information of target can be obtained.

The currently used “Pulse Doppler RADAR” uses the principle of Doppler effect in determining the velocity of target.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PULSE DOPPLER RADAR

FUSION SENSORThis include millimeter wave RADAR linked to a stereo type

camera with a 40 degree view angle.These two parts work together to track the car from non

moving object.RADAR’s target is the car rear bumper, the stereo camera is

constantly captures all objects in its field of view.It was first used by Fujitsu Ltd. and Honda.

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LIDARLIDAR stands for “Light Detection and Ranging”.It measure distance by illuminating laser and analyzing the

reflected light.By measuring the beat frequency between frequency

modulated continuous light wave and its reflection.It is of low cost and provide good resolution.Weather condition restrict its use to 30 to 40 meter range.The first ACC system used LIDAR sensor.

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21RANGE ESTIMATION USING LIDAR

MICROCONTROLLERThe AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-

bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.

The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer.

The AT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.

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Components requiredRADAR TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVERMICROCONTROLLERSENSORSRESISTORSCAPACITORSLDRLCDPOWER SUPPLY

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CONTROLLER ACTIONDepending on present traffic situation two type of controller

are possible: SPEED CONTROL and HEADWAY CONTROL.

SPEED CONTROL: if there is no vehicle presently in front, then the speed is controlled about a set point just as in conventional cruise control.

HEADWAY CONTROL: in order to keep a safe distance between the vehicle’s the headway control is required.

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CONTROLLER FLOW CHART:

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CONTROLLING THE MECHANICAL DEVICE

COMMAND GENERATOR

THREAT ASSESMENT

SITUATION ASSESMENT

ADVANTAGEThe driver is relieved from the task of careful acceleration,

deceleration and braking in congested traffic.A high responsive traffic system that adjust itself to avoid

accident can be developed.Since the braking and acceleration are done in systematic

way, the fuel efficiency of vehicle is increased.

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disadvantageCost of ACC system is very high.A high market penetration is required if a society of

intelligent vehicles is to be formed.Encourages the driver to become careless, it can lead to

severe accident if the system is malfunctioning.

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Future scope

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The advanced version of ACC is known as COOPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (CACC). In CACC preceding vehicle can communicate actively with the following vehicle so that their speed can be coordinated with each other.

conclusionIt will probably take decades but car accident may eventually

become as rare as plane accidents are now. Road laws have to be changed, up to an extent since the non

human part of the vehicle controlling will become predominant.

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referenceswww.google.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.1000project.comwww.123seminar.com

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Queries ???

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Thank you