A Training Report On (2)
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Transcript of A Training Report On (2)
A
TRAINING REPORT
ON
‘All India Radio Broadcasting’ Taken at
“ALL INDIA RADIO”SWM
Session: 2011-12- Hitesh Sharma
(EC08045)
1
2
• AIR Established in 1936.
• The word Akashavani was coined by Professor Dr. M.V. Gopalaswamy for his radio station in Mysore during 1936.
• AIR is the radio broadcaster of India, an autonomous corporation of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
• The headquarters is at the Akashwani Bhavan, New Delhi.
PRASAR BHARTI(Broadcasting Corporation of
India)
Akashwani Doordarshan
WHAT IS ‘AIR’???
3
SERVICES• AIR has many different services for different regions/languages across India.
• One of the most famous services of the AIR is the ‘Vividh Bharati Seva’ which celebrated its Golden Jubilee on 3 October 2007.
• The Vividh Bharti service operates on different MW band frequencies for each city.
• Operating frequency of Vividh Bharati jaipur is 100.3• EXTERNAL SERVICES:- The External Services Division of All India Radio broadcasts in
27 languages to countries outside of India.
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STUDIO ACOUSTIC• “Acoustics” is the science of sound.
• STUDIO ACOUSTIC must preserve the original quality of sound produced by the artists inside the studio.
ACOUSTIC TREATMENT
Propagation of Sound Waves
• i). Porous Materials• ii). Fibrous Materials• iii). Panel Absorbers
Acoustic Absorbers
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SOUND INSULATION
Acceptable backgroun
d Noise Level Source of Noise
and Sound Insulation
Noise originated from
outside the building
Noise from inside the
studio
Control of air-conditioning and diesel generator
Sound insulation from footfall, dragging of
furniture etc.
Sound Insulation from adjacent room/corridor
noise
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STUDIO CHAIN IN AIR
STUDIO•BROADCAST STUDIO•OPERATIONAL REQUIERMENTS
CONTROL ROOM•MIXING•SWATCHING CHANNELS
ANOUNCER CONSOL•TRANSMISSION BOOTH•TECHNICAL FACALITIES
RECORDING & DUBBING ROOM•ON-AIR (RED BULB)•CONSOL TAPE & RECORDER
7
BLOCK SCHEMATIC OF BROADCASTING CHAIN
Gramophone TAPE RECORDER
9
DIGITAL MODULATION• Digital communication system falls into 3 categories:-
Bandwidth efficiency
Cost efficiency
Power efficiency
• Modulation of digital signal comes at the end of the transmission chain.
• The basic digital modulation techniques of ASK, FSK, PSK & QPSK .
• A kit of DM:-
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MAGNETIC TAPE RECORDING, EDITING AND PLAYBACK
• RECORDING PRINCIPLE:- The magnetic tape gets magnetized when it comes in contact with a recording head with audio frequency signal currents flowing through the head windings, and as it passes on forward, retains the magnetism induced.
• If the tape is moved across the head at a constant speed = V cm/sec
The signal current is of frequency = f Hz
Tape length = V/f
•Recorded wavelength:- λ= v/f
•Some important mechanical and magnetic properties :-
Tensile Strength Layer to layer Adhesion
Elastic Elongation Coating Thickness
Smoothness of Coating
11
• Basics of Satellite
Communications:-
• Types of orbits:
Low earth orbit(450km-1000km)
Medium earth orbit(1500 km)
Geo stationary orbit(36000 km)
INTRODUCTION TO CAPTIVE EARTH STATION (CES)
12
• The two satellite links are the uplink and the downlink.
• The satellite itself has five major components:-
The transponder
The on-board power supply
The attitude control apparatus
Telemetry equipment
Station-keeping apparatus
• The frequencies currently available for communications satellites:-
C frequency band
Ku/K frequency band
Ka frequency band
X frequency band
• (The government and military telecommunications satellites, exclusively use the X frequency band.)
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
FREQUENCY BANDS SATELLITE DESIGN
13
NETWORKS• RADIO NETWORK:- (Audio program distribution for Recording OR Local transmission )
• CES NETWORK:- (Captive Earth Stations (CES) uplinks radio programs.)
(Uses INSAT series of satellite)
UPCONVERTER ENCODER
14
SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency range :- 1427- 1660 MHz
I/P and O/P audio level :- 0dbm
Power output :- 3 Watt
Output impedance :- 50 Ohm
Antenna :- Parabolic reflector dish type
Intermediate Frequency:- 35 MHz at receiver
Total harmonic distortion <1%
FM modulation
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CONCLUSION
• I studied about the overall procedure and objective of the Broadcasting process.
• I visited the various sections like server and networking room, lines room, control booth,
captive earth station etc.
• I learnt Transmitters and Amplifiers use in the AIR.
• I learnt about the Studio Centre and the various rooms present in the centre.
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RECRUITMENTSa) Qualification:- Essential: Three years Diploma in
Radio/Telecommunication/Electrical/Electronics/Information Technology/Electrical Communication Engineering recognised by Government of India . OR Degree with Physics as one of the subjects from a recognised University .OR Degree in Engineering in the relevant field (as mentioned above for Diploma) from a recognised University OR Diploma in Sound recording and Sound Engineering awarded by Film and Television Institute of India, Pune.
b) The recruitment will be made on the basis of a written test.
c) Scale of Pay:- Rs.9300--Rs.34800/-(plus Grade Pay 4200/-). Plus usual allowances as admissible.
d) Posted @;- Engineering Assistants for Radio Stations/Doordarshan.
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REFERENCES• http://www.allindiaradio.org/address/sawaimadhopur.html
• www.complextoreal.com/chapters/mod1.pdf
• telecom.tbi.net/mod1.html
• www.odyseus.nildram.co.uk/Systems_And_Devices.../Sat_Comms.pdf
QUERIES
???