A hoard of silver coins from Carystus / by David M. Robinson

8/22/2019 A hoard of silver coins from Carystus / by David M. Robinson

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ATICSOCIETY

EET

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icDomain,Google-digitized

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SFROMCARYSTUS

rcoins,allcoveredwitha thickpurplish

meintomycollectionfromaEuropeandealer.

thconsiderabledifficulty;1theEuboean

gue,resistedeveryefforttoremovethein-

etradrachms(nos.79and8o,PlateVI)

oaidthe identificationofothercoinswhich

ishoard,ifthere beanysuch.Thedealer

ecoinsfromapeasantwhoclaimedthathe

theslopesofMt. Ocha,abovethemodern

OthonupolisandnowPalaechora)andthat

ollection.Ihavebeenunable togetany

theprecisespotonMt. Ocha,whetherthey

eartheprimitivetemplementionedbelow.

ewof contentsofthehoard,thatthey

ancientCarystus.Thisisthefourthhoard2

Carystus,butonlythesecondto contain

periodbefore197b.C.One,foundin 186o,

ardhasthirty-seven.

tcitysituatedatthe southernendof

Ocha(14o4m.high)3wheretherestands

ardGansforhis helpincleaningthecoins.

drachmasand7oAtheniantetradrachms,buriedabout,

3.(Cf.Parnassus[1883]777;ZfN,12[1885]1o3;A JNum,

aburialfoundini 86ocontained15staters;Sotheby,

18,nos.961o2.Cf.S. P.Noe,BibliographyofGreekCoin

MonographsNo.78),67,211,212,for thehoardsofi86o

oardofabout38coinsfoundin 193o,containingeight

ondcenturyB.C.

riousCountriesin theEast,285;Wiegand,AM,21(1896)

kmalerdesklassischenAltertums,2,pi.15,881 883,s.v.

nedbyJohnson,AJA,29(1925) 398412.Onthename

K&puoros;Welcker,KleineSchriften,3,376ff.:calledOcha

ToitcovSeoovpi^EcosAidsKcri"Hpaj.

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asthe oldesthypaethraltemple,onededi-

lateridentifiedwithHera.4Persiansunder

dedatCarystusin49o b.c.5Inhonorof

ansand becausetheywerefreetoplow

tians,afterMarathon,dedicatedabronze

Butin48o,theCarystianslentaid to

evensaysthattherewasa rumor,which

tes,sonofPhanagoras,aCarystian,be-

mopylae,forwhichlatertheCarystians

ystuswastheonlycitywhichdidnot fora

eague,accordingtoGeyer,10althoughBes-

dela confederationmaritimed'Athenes."

dingtoThucydides,I,98and Herodotus,

therestofEuboea,foughtthe Athenians,

dwasfinallyforcedbyCimonto jointhe

atributeof7% talents,thenuntil425,5

vidently13reducedthetribute,givingthe

ce.Carystusjoinedtherevoltof446,14but

m442-439Carystusisabsentfrom thefull

edfaithfultoAthens.In415-414,the

412.

er,in hisbook,TopographieundGeschichtederInselEuboia

eferredtoasEuboia,102ff.,givesthehistoryof Carystus

Macedoniantimes.Carystuswassupposedtobeanold

huc.7,59;Diod.4, 37;Scymnus476;Strabo,1o,6.For

raphyofthe cityseePraktika(19o8)1o1113;IGXII,

G,XII,9,8 and9.

op.cit.(supra,note5),29.

f.theinscription,foundat Carystus,publishedinPrak-

[k]6]vueSfo-avTocsKoQpuo-riosGTtuopfoocTO

ographieAncienne(1914)182.

McGregor,TheAthenianTributeLists,1,3o23,499;2,80.

,1,27,5.

Merittetc.op. cit.(supra,note12).


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hucydides,VII,57,4,were


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ct,thewholeofEuboeaneverplayeda very

Greece,aftertheearlyperiod,and hadno

immortality;thereforetheremustbe

anyattemptatexplanationofthe issuesof

boeancities.

perousbecauseoftheCarystianplain19

enproducingfamousnuts.20Itwas fertile

cattle;soacow appropriatelyoccursonthe

se ofpracticallyallthecities ofEuboea,a

offinecattle.Thusthestaters ofCarystus

nomenonofa doublepunningtype:theob-

and andthereversethatofthe city.The

owardthetwowill betoucheduponinthe

emselves.Theharborhadgood fish;21the

ecializinginacookingdish calledkockko:|3os

ystuswasrichin minerals:copper,bronze

A(3os.a2Itwasveryfamousforthe marble

rblewithgreen veins,muchusedbythe

uildings.231sawonmy visittracesofmany

aand elsewherenearCarystus.Itpro-

men:Glaucustheathlete,celebratedby

ysician;Aristonicus,thelyre-playerand

erofAlexander;Apollodorus,acomicpoet;

gonus,abiographerandartist;another

centuryB.c.wrotea CollectionofMarvels;

oetof theAugustanage.24

phrastus,H.P.,8,4, 4;Athenaeus,II,521.,V,212band

7o.

3o2a.

miantos;Seneca,Tro.,836;jeraxvariilapidisCaristos;

stus.

eCarystiae;DarSag,3,1682; Strabo,1o,437,446,

G,XII, 9,15916o,withcompletetestimoniaonCarystus.

{supranote12),i,499.


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hehoardthe largestportionisfrom

eremainingsixteen,sixareAtheniantetra-

redowlofthefourthcentury;twoare staters

chms,andthree,drachmasofAlexander;

etradrachmofAntiochusHierax.Theyhave

ogically,withtheexceptionthatthecoins of

en placedaftertheEuboeandrachmas,

blycontemporaneous.Thisactuallydis-

andservestoleavetheEuboeancoins,the

ehoard,togetherin thecatalogue.

manCoinage(pp.92-97)discussesthe

mainclassesofhoards,domesticandmer-

yformareasfollows.Mercantilehoardsare

opreferenceforstaters;theymaycontain

rncoins(thecontentsof thetill)orof

hdrawnforadefinitepurpose).Domestic

hebestcoinsincirculationandthe largest

ailable.Theproportionofbadlyworncoins

ndsrepresentingordinarycurrency.Many

earlierwornpiecesandthenfreshones,in-

oard wasstartedanditssubsequent

nlyaccumulatedwheneconomicconditions

asbeendepreciationofthecurrency,the

w(whichGreshamdidnotinvent)makes

ontheolderheavierones; consequently

sina domestichoardisdependenton

onditions.

wotypesofhoard,not mentionedby

ered.Amercantilehoardcanbepresumed

onof currencyincommonuseatagiven

mstancepromptedthesecretionofthe

parativewearwouldgiveanindicationo f

coins,butanindicationmerely,sinceit is

cethewanderingsofanindividualcoin,


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uldtendto showmorewearthanlocalones.

dfromSiphnospublishedby Newell25which

seventeenAtheniancoinsallbutoneof

remuchmorewornthanthecoinsof

atleastas earlyas,ifnotearlier than,the

noshoard,liketheoneunderdiscussion,is

accordingtoMilne'sdefinitionnorclearly

elythatmost hoardscanbesosharply

pearinrecognizablecontextsinthecourse

adomestichoard,the"proverbialstock-

containcoinscoveringagreaterrange of

hird,fourthand fifthDurahoards,thelast

m 49-2oB.c.to256-7A.D.)26and ofvary-

nding(a)uponthe financialconditionofthe

therornot therewasadepreciationofthe

ponthe financialconditionofthehoarder,

oinwas oflocalorforeignorigin.Obviously

onwouldsavewhatevercoinhecould:a

htwellmeanconsiderablescrimping;a

ercisesomediscriminationinwhatcoinshe

efromwearonhoardcoinsit mustbe

allthecoinswerewithdrawnfromcircula-

ay,and adistinctionmadebetweenlocal

atthehoarderhad ahistoricalratherthan

coins.Ifhehadtwopiecesof equalvalue,he

put awaythebetterlooking,ifitweighed

oassumethatthe thriftysoulsofantiquity,

ponfromtimetotime,were coincollectors

ngtopossess onlythemostbeautifulof

eywerenotcognizantofbeauty:whowould

But,ina domestichoard,evenmorethanin

Num.Notesand MonographsNo.64).

FourthDura HoardsandNewell,TheFifthDuraHoard

phsNos.55and58).


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ue,orbullionvalue,thatis weight,istobe

actorinthe selectionofcoinstobesaved.

cteristicsofthedomesticthanofthe

nety-twocoinsfifty-onearestatersortetra-

achmas.Sixteenpiecesarenotoftheisland

nty-six,thirtyarenot ofCarystus.Milne's

rdcontains"normallythebestcoinsi n

denominationsreadilyavailable"isnotat

wayof knowingwhatarenormallythe

citystates wherethemintoperatedsome-

softhe yearprecedinganissuebythe mint

conditionasthebestcoinsin ayearin

The"largestdenominationreadilyavail-

onthefinancialconditionofthe hoarder

ation.Thefactthatthishoardrangesin

fthcenturytothesecondhalf ofthethirdand

oinsisclearproofthatit wasnotthesaving

privatefinancialandeconomicconsidera-

sitionofeachcoinin thehoard.Itis,indeed,

mpossible,thatthe familysavingswere

er solongaperiod oftime,althoughof

knowinghowoftensomecoinswerewith-

ncy.

coinsinthehoard,the seventy-six

sofwearwhichprecludethepossibilityof

yfromwear.TheEuboeanstater,no.1,is

ighteven bedescribedasfine.Itis the

andobviouslysawlittlecirculationbefore

ty-sevenCarystianstaters,6/0arevery

o%are somewhatworn.Thechartshows

e groupsofCarystianstaters(seebelowfor

ystiandrachmasandtheEuboeandrach-

hout.Insummaryformtheseare the


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yworn;17/0worn;4O/0somewhatworn.

0veryworn;62;0worn;250/0somewhatworn.

Oworn;6o0/0somewhatworn.

arystiandrachmasnotwellpreserved;7fU

morethanslightlyworn;63/0of the

nslightlyworn.


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rtionofveryworn coins(6%),aswellas

ontrasttotheCarystiandrachmas,donot

tobeapplied tothishoard.It mustbecon-

ngwhichthe earlystaterswerestruck,or

wasa periodofcomparativeprosperityfor

eabletoput awaytwenty-fivestaters.

s, sincethereisevidenceofheavystriking

e prosperityisinmostcasesat leastclosely

perity.Iflargenumbersofthesecoinsap-

cksuccession,itmust havebeenatatime

ywhenthefamilycouldsavealargepropor-

staterswerestruckmorelightly,forthere

renceis thattimeswerelessprosperous

n circulation;thefamilywasabletosave

ondition.

eringthepossibleapplicationofGres-

ytendsto bedrivenoutofcirculationby

ethatthe'somewhatworn'statershavea

eights,average)

ut thattheweightofthe coinwasthede-

nceintothe hoard.Ancientmethodsof

ere,itis notsurprisingthataperson

asmuchvalueas possiblewouldlaymore


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ppearance.GroupsIIandIIIdo notshow

ofweightasa determiningfactor(their

hemlessvaluableasevidence),buttheydo

heearliestcointhatis themostworn.

boutthe chronologicalorderofthese

tyleandtechniqueallcombineto place

77-371andthe othertwoGroupsatleast

groupofcoinsinthe hoard,thethirty

5,whichisaunicumhasbeenexcludedfrom

Theremainingthirty-onearegrouped

ativechronologydiscussedindetailbe-

ityofthe style;thedevelopmentofthe

vaenetusandhisfollowers,widelyadopted

e influenceofthesculpturalstylethrough

hcentury,aswellasthedeteriorationof

dualartist,but ofnumismaticartasa

Whileit istruethatany stylisticargument

tive,yetgenerallyrecognizedtrendsofstyle

gnored.TheexistenceoftheBritishMuseum

ylecloselyrelatedtothoseofSyracuse,is

hatEuboeawas intheareaaffectedby

5 andtheBritishMuseumcoinshowthe

mbolwasused;nos.66-71,also without

ntheserieswhenthe politicalsituationdid

symbolsto thetype.Thedisparitybe-

outsymbolandnos.66-71shows clearly

eenstruckcontemporaneously.

n p.8,thesimilarityof the"wear

othatof thestatersisapparent.Thereare

betterthan"somewhatworn"condition

withthestaters,weighthereis thedetermin-

f acoinintothehoard.


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LYWHATWORNVERY

RN

3.76

4o3.333.29

31

ndicatecoinswhichchippedincleaning,

onofthemetal.Theonecoin withthe

ng3.7o(no.55)istheonly oneofhigh

ewhatworn"condition;thisisbalanced

eighing3.76.It isevidentthattoolittle

weightas contrastedwithwearinthe


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Thecoininbest conditionfromthepointof

cointhatweighsthemost,not theone

tifu1.Thisprincipleshouldalsooperatein

rds,since,exceptforpurelylocalcurrency

therthan avaluedeterminedbythemetal

ofprimeimportance.Allotherfactors

uratelymeasurable,ascontrastedwith

minationofwhichisboundto besomewhat

enceonwhichtorely;weightmustbe con-

nclusionsaboutdatesfromtheamountof

yindealingwithdomestichoardssuchas

of alatercoinwhichis morewornthanan

taters,nos. 81-82,pp.56-57,andPlateVI.

ativeandsuggestingdefinitedatesfor

ins,greaterreliancehasbeenplacedon

hnique,styleandhistoricalprobabilitythan

thehoard.Particularlyinthishoard,

atest coinsoftheninetyarethe bestpre-

earindeterminingdatesis liketobuilding

.

phr.,infine style.

ted head,standingr.onexergual

er;aboveEYfc

ms.(cleaned)13.85grms.o.o28m.and

t afederalcoinage,ontheAeginetan

atEretria,wasbegunafter411when

Head,H.N.2,362, andGardner,HistoryofAncientCoinage,

he dateoftheintroductionofthe Atticstandard,Head

4.The occurrenceofthiscoininthehoardgives moreweight


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edom.Thetypeswerearecumbentbullon

f thenymphonthereversewith thein-

schangedtotheAtticaboutthe timethat

withAthens,in 378orearlier;thetypes

hiscoin.Cf. Grose,McCleanColl.II,pl.

CXCVII,2o-22.Anunpublishedcoinin

16.36grms.)andMiinzenundMedaillen,

,1949,no.82o(wt.16.42grms.)arefrom

e hoardcoin,andprobablyfromthesame

eisalsoused ontheBerlincoin,Traitip. 195,

ead,28unadornedbyfillet, earringsor

tiis,bearsastartlingresemblancetothe

thenianAgorain 1932.HomerThompson29

edthathead ca.43ob.c.,givingasthe

c. whentheprofileheadonthe Syracusan

asoftnessofoutlinewhichtheAgorahead

eofthenymphon thehoardcoinisnot

zehead;while thehairispulled uptothe

ndoneratherloosely,sothat thehair

mtheface.Theprofileismarkedby the

d neckasontheAgorahead.The headon

asadifferentformof theinscriptiononthe

e,althoughthehairshowssomeinfluence

rachmsofEvaenetus.Itissurelylaterthan

entsa problem.TheAtticstandardis

H.N.2p.xlviii,as17.49,withwhom

tCoinage,p.156agrees;bySeltman,

naiesgrecquesetromaines,2emePartie,TomeIII,(herein-

)1956,citesMahler,Journ.I nt.a"Arch.Num.3(19oo)

onthatthis headisacopyfroma headof"Apollo"inthe

esdenandNaples.Hedatesthe coinca.4ooB.C.

upplement1(AthenianStudiesPresentedto William

8.


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ogrms.I shouldprefertosetthe figureat

ofthe royalminaof1o9ogrms.In anycase

above17 grms.OfthesixAtheniantetra-

wouncleanedspecimensweigh17.31and

o);the cleanedspecimens,(nos.75-78),all

espectively16.5o,16.5o,16.4o,and16.31

drachmsofAtticweightasIknowhavethe

d:McClean,no.57o4,16.59grms.,threein

36,16.32and16.95grms.,threelistedby

,16.1o,16.45,17.o1grms.,theBaselcoin

rms.,Naville,16(1933),118o,16.51grms.

ut thatthesecoinsarestruckon theAttic

oardcoin,wehavethe extantweightof

olight foratetradrachmontheAttic

isistheonlycoinin thehoardfromwhich

etheheavyincrustation.Theother coins,

ther heavylayer,whichflakedoffwitha

staterswereweighedbeforeandafter

ivenbelow.Thenormfor thesecoins,onthe

.29-7.36grms.

s

ndtherangerepresentedbythese coins,

esfrommorethan 18%tomorethan11%.

ofCarystusandone ofEretria,suffereda

theweightincleaning.Thediameterof the

largerthan theaveragefortheCarystian

eEuboeancoinhas aslightlylargersurface


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morethan 14%losscouldbeassumed

werepossibletoremovetheincrustation,

dthreeseparateeffortsatcleaningthe coin.

nwasweighedandits weightremained

a conservativefigure14%,theweight

hichsubtractedfrom13.85wouldleave

dweightofthe coin,afigurewhichispro-

s conservative.TheEuboeanstatersof

hIknowtheweightsareas follows:11.94,

elon,Traiti,pp.193-194),Newellcollection,

rthe Carystianstatersindicatethatabout

m forthedenominationbyincrustation.If

mfortheAeginetanstater(ca.12.6oor ca.

14.24or13.72grms.,inthe formercaseonly

latter.13grms.lessthanthe weightofthe

hinfineconditionwasprobablynotfresh

nspiteof thefactthatcertainlytheob-

eversedie wereusedforAtticweighttetra-

estotheNewellandBaselcoinsabove),this

and providestheconnectinglinkbetween

achms,provingthatthe typewaschanged

hangeprobablytookplacenearthebe-

ry(cf.note27).

nstandard,norm:7.2^7.36grms.

rnedback,withkneeling,sucklingcalf,

lline.Damagetodie atcow'sr.hoof

r.ofcockpoisedtocrow,r. Artist1.30

245m.tt Somewhatworn.

e artistsdesignated,seethediscussionfollowingthecatalogue.


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otand exerguallineconfused.

iblythesamedie.Artist1.

ine

extendsto1.forefoot;secondappearsat

15grms.(cleaned)6.85grms.

orn.

endsbelowexergualline;secondobscures

225m.t\ Good.

nofno.5.

21m.t\ Somewhatworn.

onasnos.5 and6.

o5grms.(cleaned)6.95grms.

mages1.leg;secondlittlechanged.


curesbothforelegs;secondextends

s

oogrms.(cleaned)7.11grms.

ossessionofMr. Gans.

diesasGrose,McCleanColl.2,5655,pi.2o3, 18.

e reversedieofSNGL,2,no. 1782,pi.33,whichisalso used


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nditionasno.9.

222m.t\ Verygood.

scuresforelegshigher;secondextendsinto

242m.tt Good.

tendsfartherbelowexergualline;second

bleon bodyjustabover.leg.Artist 1.

242m.tSomewhatworn.

onofno.12.

slightlylarger;secondatcenterback.

225m.t-> Somewhatworn.

ghtlyretouchedatforelegs;secondlittle

slightlylarger;secondextendsintofield.

225m.t\. Slightlyworn.

achesdewlap;secondreachesexergue.

hersandrearclawofr.foot different

245m.fN Slightlyworn.

magedslightlyatcow's1.hindfoot.

s indifferentposition.Artist1.

236m.t\ Slightlyworn,(broken)

eamostlyoff flan.

23m.tt Verygood.

obscure;secondatcow'sr.forefoot.

24m.t*> Verygood.

diesasBMCCent.Greece,1o1,7,pi. 18,6.

diesasBMCCent.Greece,1o1,6,pi. 18,5.


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5m>t tSomewhatworn.

ffflan;secondlittlelargerthan on18.

227m.t tSlightlyworn.

xtendstocalf'sr.forefoot;secondtoward

larger.

22m.t| Somewhatworn.

eachesexergualline;secondoffflan.

larger.


erguallineand legsofbothanimals;

85grms.(cleaned)6.7ogrms.

widensexerguallineovercalf'shoof;

feetandexergualline.

cesof restriking.)

25m.t -


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2,onexerguallinewhichis heavybutnotso

2.

flNtor.ofcock.

o24rn.tt Somewhatworn.

o242m.tt Good.

o232m.tt Slightlyworn.

o219m.tt Somewhatworn.

esasParis,Traite',17918o,no.153, pi.196,11.


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s

for narrowerexerguallineanddotted

TIQNtor.of cock.

245m.t jSomewhatworn.

238m.t |Somewhatworn.

outdottedcircularborder.

monogramA

23m.t |Worn,broken.

232m.t |Worn.

222m.t jVeryworn,broken.

22m.t -*Somewhatworn.

's legslonger.

23m.t -^-Somewhatworn.

23m.t ->Somewhatworn.

asBMCCent.Greece,1o2,13,pi.18, 11.


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ianstandard,norm:3.64-3.68grms.

lionskin.

ning1.Noclubvisible infieldbelow.

4m.t ->Veryworn.

ining1;in fieldbelow,club.

59m.t tWorn.

69m.t ^Worn.

6m.t tSomewhatworn.

58m.t ->Worn.

61m,t| Somewhatworn.

longer.


argeranddetailsofmanedissimilar.

7m.t ->Worn.

8,pi. 18,7,isfromthe sameobversedie(A4), butthe

notherdiecoupling.


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sandeightdrachmasofCarystusrepresent

oard,andnearlyhalfthetotalnumberof

ossible,ofcourse,to drawfinalconclusions

epiecesdosuggesta moredefinitechrono-

o thefourthcenturycoinageofEuboea;

drachmas(nos.45-74)theyhelpto clarify

heisland.

ofaccountforthemoment,thefabric

tatersmakesit possibletoarriveata

em.HeadandBabelon40havealreadysug-

rvaloftimebetweenthemintingof the

c(nos.2-25) andtheothers;Headwasnot

hevarietywith thecompleteethnicbutno

ncethosewiththeshort ethnic,nos.2-25,

th thecompleteethnic,nos.26-29,

ompleteethnicandmonogram,nos.3o-36,

differencesofsize andweight,theformer

thefact thatonthefirst Groupthecowis

rthe flan.Curiouslyenough,astheflans

smaller.Belowarethe differencesinweight

angeofgreatest

cy.

222-5m-

4m-

o231m.

1o2;TraitS,177178and179182.


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morelikeoneanotherthanGroup I,their

eraged:6.9ogrms.AsGroupII andIII

ontrastedwiththe twenty-fourinGroupI,

ymorethanthatGroupI coinsareatonce

heothers.Theyare thickerandthereverse,

atleast deeplysaucer-shaped,indicating

hverylittle,ifany,largerthan thedie.The

hape isapparentonthecoins:the reverses

esalmostunworn,whiletheobversesare

1o, 11,17-19);intheotherGroups the

me onbothsides.Thediesin GroupIareall

refixedin theuprightposition;ofthe

vethedies reversedandnos.35-36have

gle.Atfirstglanceit wouldseemthenthat

dbechanged,sinceGroupII hasthenormal

thereis norealdifferencebetweenhaving

reverse,forthestresseson themare

th suchtypesasthese.Therealadvance

whereplacingthepunchdieata rightangle

elongaxesofthe diesareinthe same

distributionandequalizationofpressurein

helifeof thedies.Therefore,fromthepoint

bric,itappearsthat GroupIisthe earliest

dbetweenit andthetwosubsequent

cceededoneanotherclosely.

of thecoinsisthe resultoftheobserva-

eaks,eachofwhichisrecorded;theuse of

provedbythegrowthofthe breakson

howsonly thelowerbreak;nos.13and14

ell,in asufficientlyadvancedformtopre-

betweennos.12and13.Nos.2o and21,

howbothbreakslargerthan onanyofthe

wopunchdiesusedwithboth anvils(P5

bledamageandtheirpositioninthese-


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tofallthe otherdies,onthegrowthof breaks

sissueofCarystianstaterswas veryheavy

usedoveralongperiod.If thelatterwere

ablyexpecttofindgreatindividualvarietyin

nsfromthesamedies inthehoard.Possibly

ncesinwear,althoughthat isaminorcon-

s this.However,thereislittlevarietyin

ancan beattributedtoindividualartists

hetypeofthecockishomogeneousandin

hatofthelater staters.InthecaseofP 2,

vefromtwoto fivecoinsfromthesamedie.

clude,therefore,that,whatevertheocca-

entofthisissue,ademandfor largenumbers

metbysuchcoinsasthese inthehoard.In

,eachofwhichhasboth punchandanvil

eothers(cf.note36)we mayinferthat

afterthefirstdemandforcurrencywas

omthehoardisconfirmedbysuch published

ome;thereare onlytwocoins,those

mthedies ofno.24andnone,so farasIhave

omthedies ofno.25.

nomaly,orperhapstendto refutea

eunchallenged.Thepunchdie,becauseof

tlyuponit,is presumedtohavewornout

rewehaveten punchdies,withonlyone

ar,usedwithtwoanvildies,both ofwhich

rearliestuse inthehoard(nos.2. and16)

withthechangingpunchdies.Thei ncrease

alogue.Thereasonforsuchastateof affairs

blybesetdowntolocalpatriotism.The

ascustomaryinEuboea,pointedless

dthe cockonthereverse.Thelateruseof

enanadditionalmonogramonthe reverse

ns,21andMilne,Greekand RomanCoins,46.


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27/79

to thepeopleofCarystusthereversetype

ortheobversethen,as longastheyhadthe

sofno concern,butthecockhadto bein

shavebeengivenforthenameCarystus,42

houghtofthecockKapu,the heraldofthe

.43It wastheirsymbolandirapAarmov,

KnpOcroxoorKotpuaucowasoftenusedofthe

ystustherewasa cultofHermesKflpuf.

econnectiononomatopoetically.44Itisnot

ersetype forCarystianstatersisacock,

edas earlyastheendof thesixthcentury.

ockisa goodbarnyarddenizen;onthefourth

mesof pedigreedstock.Thosecoinswith

ump,lusty,spiritedbird,poisedtocrow,a

ntingtype.Thestaterswiththecomplete

bird,but heisslimand sleek,emulating

tersdatedafter323B.c, intheerectnessof

legancemuchofthevigor andbelligerency

hefirstGroup ofstaters,itis possible

fourartists.46Thefirst artist,whoisnotthe

.Beitr.,23,226; K


28/79

esusedonly withA1(P 1,no.2;P2, nos.3

ieusedwith bothanvils(P8,nos,15, 22,

withA2 (P9,no.16).Thesefive dieshave

atitis difficulttodistinguishthem:possibly

tthelettersK andAseemtobe slightly

omP 2chieflyintheangle ofthereartalon

nonno.15;P 9isdifferentiatedfromP3

eAandthe spacingoftheKandA. Artist1

kman,sincehemadehalfthe extantdies.

yonedie appearinginthehoard;it isP7

herethecockhasunusuallylongwattles.

chisdamaged;bymeansofit theorderof

endetermined.Thethirdartistis themost

ies whichareusedwithbothanvilsare

m,possiblytwoothers.P5 (nos.1o,17,18),

9) haveacockwithshortwattlesand

naggressiveposewhichis enhancedby

eofhisfeathers.Theeffectseemstohave

of thedrillonlyslightlymasked.Healso

eletters,connectingthedots(depressions

heKoften appearsasK,nota rareform

Artist3on theCarystianpieces.Hemay

P4(no.9) andofSNGL,III,1782;these

drill,buttheposeof thebirdis different:

m thetipofthe tail,alongthebackandup

dP1o havenocurvebetweenneckand

gle betweenbackandtail.Itis hardtotell

cteristicofoneartistor whetherthesame

is bird.Atleasttheyarecloselyrelated;

rofP 4hasbeencalledArtist4. Themaker

buttheonly specimenfromthisdieinthe

w thearrangementofthetailfeathers

ere.Itis inhisratherpedestrianstyle.No.

n thereverse;itispossible thatthedieis


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29/79

ers,buttheconditionofthe coindoesnot

Sincetheanvildie isunique,itis probable

onsidereda newone.

vidualityof thepunches.Itispossible

rstthree:A1and A2particularlyare

oportions,whileA 3differsbutslightly.

tyle andmoreliketheobversesofstaters

parentindifferenceoftheCarystianstothe

he typeisofconsiderableinterest.Through-

maintypeswerealwaysbovine,obviously

swiththecowscratchingherself,thebull

clining,the filletedbull'shead,allare

andoffair cattle.Carystus,attheendof

ofthefifthcentury,useda variantformand

rthcenturyonthestaters.It istheold

nIII;48 Gardner49saysofit,"Thetypesof

gacalf,seemto refertotheearlysettle-

a)fromEuboea,thatbeingthe ordinary

ingtothe worshipoftheMother-Goddess."

ereare,however,doubtswhetherthisstory

historic."Chronologicallyitisdifficultto

ra,whichbearthis typeatleastasearly as

eyer,Euboia,io6ff.;Friedlander,ZfN8,1o.Bullscratch-

2, 2,pi.32,14;bull's head,BMCCent.Greece,pi.18,2,9;

7;cowsucklingcalf,BMCCent.Greece,pi.18,1,5,6,11,12;

2,3,pi. 196,1112;otherintheWeberColl. (no.3332),

15416,Ward,GreekCoins,pi.12,496,notfrom dieof

6asthere stated,butfromno.5,withshort ethnic(i.e.,no.

no.1782andmanyothers.

s,PalaceofMinos,1,511,fig.367;Seltman,GreekCoins,691

rela,224,229.Forthe cowandcalfasanAsiaMinor sym-

f.Curtius,AZ(1855)3ft.;thereliefoverthe dooronthewest

illustratedinLawrence,ClassicalSculpture,pi.29aand

ent.Greece,lv.Cf.theterracottaplaquefromOlynthus

nofmotiveinOlynthus,14,227228.

oinage1389.


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30/79

ntury50arederivedfromCarystiancoinsof

beginningofthe fifthcentury.Onthe

ly,ill-assortedcoinagesoftheThraco-

thcentury,81thetypeoccursintwo forms,

t,the otherwiththecowfacingright.The

hforms.Thenortherncoinsarevariously

surety,sincethemassofthatcoinagehas

tdeserves.However,thetwoversionsof

sedoncoinsof twodifferentweight

leftappearsoncoinswhichare Attic

onthestandardwhichdevelopedlaterinto

e,ofcourse,otherbovinetypesinthe north,

chspreadasfar asCorcyraonthewestand

kofexplorationandexcavationinthe

orantofthe earlycultureofthatarea,but

vebeenfound.52Itseemsquiteprobable,in

andthe factthatCarystusstruckcoinsof

ianstandardinthefourthcentury,thatthe

mMinoantimesinthe north;itwas

orcyrainthesixth centuryandsomewhat

thestatementofThucydides53thatthe

enicpeoplemaybetakentosuggestthat

the townofMinoanculture,orhemayhave

ointype.The existenceofaprimitivetemple

heMother-Goddessworshippedherefrom

yhernamewiththecomingof theOlymp-

peof thestatersisthe heavy,irregular,

bemeanttorepresentthe roughsurfaceof

sonthe Minoanplaquecitedinnote48 and

ns,7oandGrose,McCleanColl.2,pi. 189,nos.1518.

nMiinzenNord-Griechenlands,32,pi.26,nos.1215

onia,i,pi.11,nos.46o462.

raceandIllyria,134136.


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31/79

Minoanpaintings,andevenvases.This

exerguallineis clearonA1 andA2,but

his isonereasonfordoubtingthat one

irst twodies.Thestaterswiththecom-

y reduced,butitismissingfrom those

vivalintothe fourthcenturyinCarystus

f Thucydidesjustquoted,sinceitmore

ofMinoantraditionremainedthere.The

swiththistypeissuedelsewhere.Itsappear-

e canbenodoubtofi tssource.55

mas,nos.37-44,infabricandtechnique

rswiththeabbreviatedethnic.Theyare

eis almostscyphate.No.37ispossiblythe

yno greatintervaloftimefromthe others.

rsehasonly thefirstthreeletters KAPof

rsnottobe aclubbelowtherecumbent

pecimensmay,however,showthatitis

theothers.Thestyleofthe remainingseven

tslightlybetterthanthat ofno.37.Sixpunch

h fewdieslinks,althoughtheBritish

nnote39addsanother.The chiefsignificance

the hoardistoconfirmits domesticnature:

erthan thestatersandenteredthehoard

ontemporaneousandenteredthehoardin

theavailabilityofthestaters,and the

efamilyatthe time.

aclesontheobverse,therelegationof

he reverseandthecompleteabandonment

ureandSculptorsof theGreeks(195o)32,pointsout the

eekArt:thepebbleforthe beach,thefishforthesea,the

ow,etc.Thesecoinswitha heavyirregularexergualline

dow,byadifferentdevice,orperhapsthebarnyard.

BMCCent.Greece,lx,onthe styleoftheHeracleshead,is

d oncoinsoftheearly fifthcenturywiththosesimilartothe

ppreciableadvanceinstylewithinthe lattergroup.


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32/79

ouldhavesome significance.Possiblyin

asanincreasedinterestin thecultof

entionedinlateinscriptionswasreally be-

ptingtoseea connectionwiththenorthin

esonthedrachmasata timewhenthe

singthattypefortheobverseof theirstaters,

tifyit.Morereasonably,inviewofthe in-

ebesandBoeotiainthefirstthird ofthe

ssociatedwithBoeotiantypes.

eancoinshasbeen somethinglessthan

sgivenareconjecturalandtherearediscrep-

eitheratthetimeof thePeaceofAntalcidas,

ongressof Delphi,369B.c.(sic),thecities

stiaearesumedtheissueofciviccoins...

chmsonthesamestandard."Head,

atesthosestaterswiththeshortethnicca.

sewith themonogram(GroupIII)ca.

fAntalcidashadguaranteedautonomyto

e amountwhichresultedtherefromis

otuntilthe CongressatDelphiin368was

m.Thefirsthalfofthe fourthcenturysawa

partofthe timeEuboeawastheallyof

couldnothavefeltparticularlyloyal,after

eivedatthe handsofAthensduringthe

eawasinalliancewith bothThebesand

allytowardtheformer.59Athenshadhad

ChalcidicLeague,culminatinginthe

5 ;60theserelationswereseriouslydisturbed

oinage,366.

tius,Hist,grecq.5,255. Fortheclosesimilarityoffabric

cesandthoseofThebesissuedafter378, cf.BMCCent.

withthehoard coins.

143;IGII236; West,HistoryoftheChalcidicLeague,1o8,

/4forthe dateofthisdecree.


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33/79

swithMacedoniain371-37o.61From368-

gain Amphipolis,acourseofactionwhich

theLeague.Weknownothingofeffortson

eaguetoenlistsouthernsupportagainst

friendlywithThebes.In371 occurredthe

chuntil358Euboeawasa dependencyof

tis clearthattheCarystiandrachmasin

ofGroupIare contemporaneouswitheach

anthe drachmasofChalcis,Histiaeaand

chasarein thehoard,allofwhichfrom

datedafter 368.62Thereforeitisprobable

ngthesecoinssometimebetweenthe

ebattleofLeuctra.Priorto 387the

otguaranteed;after371it isdoubtfulthat

ntostrikecoinson anyotherstandardthan

ailedinBoeotia.Possibly379to377may be

dateofthe commencementoftheissue.The

heAthenianAmphictyonyatDelosCarys-

tonloans duringtheperiodfrom377-373

uedas evidencethatthecityneededhelp

sue ofcoinage.Theveryheavyfirstissue,

rsediesand thepluralityofreverses,shows

enumbersofcoins.The standarditself

ecoinsisalso anindicationthatthetimeof

shortlyafter379.

hesecoinswere struckGardner,inthe

as theterm'reducedAttic';Babelon63implies

4isindoubt whetheritisa degradationofthe

labandonmentandtheadoptionof the

ip ofMacedon."Theweightnormsas

,157;IG,II2,1o2.

v,xviixviii,forthetimeofthe CongressatDelphiasthe

ceoftheSyracusancoinswasmostlikelytohave been

MCCent.Greece,lxi.


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34/79

3.8ogrms.forthe drachma;theMace-

heChalcidicLeaguesinceitsinception

Macedonafter359,is7.29-7.36grms.for

anstater)and3.64-3.68grms.forthe

spondencebetweentheseweightsandthose

superfluousto callthestandardofthe

Euboean,coins'reducedAttic.'85Thefourth

nystandardsbesidethe Attic,possiblyina

e Atheniancurrencydecreeofthefifth

copyat Aphytisandstilldate438-423

usedthroughoutcentralGreece;thePersian

cedoniankingsbeforePhilip;Damastion67

nastandardwhichisat presentnameless;

wayintheAegean:allthesein additionto

edonian,which,by359,wasinfluential

ochangetoit fromthePersianwhenhe

oins.

nCoins,81,speaksofthe reductionofstandardsbecauseof

dsilver,wearplus mintingcostsbringingabouttheissue

theoriginalnormofthe silveracquired.Thisseemsun-

ecoinisusedonlyas local,andthereforetoken,currency,

ecoindetermineditspopularity;itis questionablewhether

haveafacevalueaboveitsintrinsicvalue,exceptat a

seof theEuboeancoins,wehavethetetradrachmsonthe

yinthe fourthcentury;theseshowweightsnolowerthan

drachms.Wedonotknowthe sourceofEuboeansilver;

fromAttica,asthe nearestplace.Ifso,itcouldhave come

onasin theformofstruckcoins.TheEuboeantetradrachms

medrachmas,whichalsohavenormalweightsforAttic

probablethatthere wasachangeofstandardinEuboea

east,and about368fortheEuboeanConfederationcoins

cisandHistiaeaas well,fromtheAttictotheMacedonian.

Tod,GreekHistoricalInscriptions,no.67;JHS6g(ig49)io5.

mastion(1939)v,I2ff.,15,32,99.

ilipchosethatstandardto makeitfitwiththe Attic

sstruckseemsweak;itis morelikelythathesawthe

tandards,inthetwo metals,andchosetheAtticforhis

mercialandeconomicreasonsbeenledto adopttheMace-

er.


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35/79

alcidicmintincreaseditsproductionof

eyearsimmediatelyfollowing,69afterits

eit necessaryfortheLeaguetosecurefrom

sandothermaterialsfornormallife.The

e,BoeotiaandEuboea,wouldbethemost

ofthethings theChalcidicLeagueneeded.

oeotianeverabandonedtheAeginetan

arystus,andtheothercitiesofEuboeaas

doftheChalcidicLeague:inthe caseof

onafter379.Theproductionofthe League

376,underAsclepiodorus,seemstohave

chms(cf.note69),acomparativelyshort

coinsfor foreigntrade,i.e.thelarger

ntnecessity.TheEuboeancities,Carystus

andEretria,providedthesmall change,in

truckdidrachmsaswell.Thisdenomination

gue,butlocal conditionsprobablymadeits

uscircumstancethatnocoinoftheLeague,

nthehoardis notatellingargument

cedonianstandardinEuboea;nocoinof

oeotia,allof whicharenearerCarystus

dice,enteredthehoardeither,sothear-

outforce.

is,HistiaeaandtheEuboeandrachmas

er368 (seebelow)andcontinued,atleast

themiddleofthethird century,70itis

he earlierofthethirtyEuboeandrachmas

coinageceasedat Carystusnotlongafter

eandrachmasis laterthanthatofthe

hedrachmasandGroupIstatersboth are

alcidicMint,157.

hestylisticdevelopment.Mostauthoritiesgivethedate265,

aterus,ruledEuboea,asmarkingtheendof Euboean

amininus,197.Thatcoinageis beyondtheboundsofthis


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36/79

alcidicmintincreaseditsproductionof

eyearsimmediatelyfollowing,69afterits

eit necessaryfortheLeaguetosecurefrom

sandothermaterialsfornormallife.The

e,BoeotiaandEuboea,wouldbethemost

ofthethings theChalcidicLeagueneeded.

oeotianeverabandonedtheAeginetan

arystus,andtheothercitiesofEuboeaas

doftheChalcidicLeague:inthe caseof

onafter379.Theproductionofthe League

376,underAsclepiodorus,seemstohave

chms(cf.note69),acomparativelyshort

coinsfor foreigntrade,i.e.thelarger

ntnecessity.TheEuboeancities,Carystus

andEretria,providedthesmall change,in

truckdidrachmsaswell.Thisdenomination

gue,butlocal conditionsprobablymadeits

uscircumstancethatnocoinoftheLeague,

nthehoardis notatellingargument

cedonianstandardinEuboea;nocoinof

oeotia,allof whicharenearerCarystus

dice,enteredthehoardeither,sothear-

outforce.

is,HistiaeaandtheEuboeandrachmas

er368 (seebelow)andcontinued,atleast

themiddleofthethird century,70itis

he earlierofthethirtyEuboeandrachmas

coinageceasedat Carystusnotlongafter

eandrachmasis laterthanthatofthe

hedrachmasandGroupIstatersboth are

alcidicMint,157.

hestylisticdevelopment.Mostauthoritiesgivethedate265,

aterus,ruledEuboea,asmarkingtheendof Euboean

amininus,197.Thatcoinageis beyondtheboundsofthis


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37/79

ediesnotfixed.Thereareno Carystian

e Euboean,untilthelatterpartof the

salreadybeen datedaslateas313 and

yGroup IIisas late.Ishouldpreferto

e eaglesontheEleanstatersmostclosely

cksonthosepiecesaredatedaboutthat

suchasthistends tobecomposedmainlyof

enomination;thereasonfortheinter-

sunknown,unlessitlies inthefactthat

sbut Carystuswereindependent.72No

wouldsavecoinsfromacityahundred-or-

townwereissuingcoins.TheEuboean

roups,whicharediscussedbelow;notall of

ofGroupsII andIII.However,from368

oseofHistiaeauntil34o,andthose of

ycoins struckinEuboea,althoughthe

edlycontinuedtocirculate,untilCarystus

ast quarterofthefourthcentury.Such

e tosaveduringthattimewouldbe these

hicharequitewell-preservedshowingsigns

nteringthehoard,andthe moreworn

nos.8,21,22, and25.Itis notimpossible

chms(nos.75-8o)alsoenteredthehoardat

ornconditionandtheirlackof definite

haveenteredthe hoardatalmostanytime

ment.

oardistherelationof theCarystianand

other,andthematterof theirdates.Ashas

eevidenceofwearis contradictorytothe

yleandtechniqueinthecaseofthe Carystian

oinsofOlympia,pi.6,the reversesusedwithCB,CD,and

bverses363343,whichseemstooearly;Babelonismore

323 3oo.


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38/79

low,theevidenceofwearinthecaseof the

wisecontradictorytothefabric,styleand

rachmasthemselves,butofthe coinsof

rthandthird centuryGreekcoinsasoffer

efore,sincewearinthishoardis abroken

reliancehasbeenplacedonit indetermining

theEuboeandrachmas.

bablyEretria

nianstandard,norm:3.64-3.68grms.

erypoorstyle.

,in verypoorstyle.73

s.o.o15m.t Somewhatworn.

thearringsand fillettiedatneck,withends

.

s headr.;inr. field,lyre.


orn.

soffillettied inbowandlips parted.




turycoinwiththesetypes,cf.BMCCent.Greece,94,3,

tic standard).

tion,notfromthis hoard,twodrachmasfromthesame

ehasanobversediewhichdoesnot occurinthehoard;the

e ofnos.47and48. Theseprovideanadditionallinkinthe


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39/79

161m.tt Verygood.

158m.tt Good.

endstuckedunder.

153m.tt Somewhatworn,broken.

simplecoiffureboundby fillet,and

s headr;inr. field,Silenmask.



hair curvedsoftlybackfromface,lowon

llet,afewloosecurlsescaping.

s headwithhairyears,r;in r.field,

17m.tt Slightlyworn.


uchfiner.

17m.tt Fine.

3,pi.17,7,is fromthesamereversedie(P 6),buttheobverse,

samehandasA6, isnotthesamedie. SNGL,3,pi.33,

ysimilarreversedie (thedescriptionerroneouslycallsthe

nsteadof aSilenmask),buttheobverse,a fourthanvildie,

e others(A5,A6 ortheLondondie).TheParis coin,Traite,

8,4, isfromstillanotherpair ofdies.

Naville,17(1934)44.


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40/79

169m.ttSomewhatworn.

s earsnothairyandhandleof cantha-


harusnearerear.

165m.ttVerygood.

169m.tt Slightlyworn,broken.

ublechin.

moremelancholy.

.o17m.tt Somewhatworn.

.o16m.tt Worn.


hair simplywavedbackfromfacetolow

s headr;inr. field,bunchofgrapes.

.o165m.tt Worn.

yle of65.

s headr;nosymbol.


ss,2o2 (193o)2463.

WeberColl.3392.

sch,14 (19o5)369.


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41/79

.o172m.tt Worn.

ter muzzle.

.o18m.tt Worn.

.o162m.tt Worn.

leheavyandhairveryplain;necklace.



verypoorstyle:profileweakandhairin

s headr;inr. field,dolphinswimming.


almostcompletelyoffflan.

.o164m.tt Worn.

lecoarser.


BMCCent.Greece,95,8,pi.17,6,of whichHeadremarks

alaterstyle thanthatofno.7, acoinnotrepresentedinthe

also,McCleanColl.,2,57o5,pi.2o5,7;in thisspecimenthe

gedatthebull'srighteye asontheothers.

Boston,95.133.


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42/79

l


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43/79

derationresumeditsfederalissuewhich

fore:allthesecoinageswereonthe Mace-

rystushadintroducedintoEuboeaca.379.

of citiesofcentralGreeceandthePelopon-

orresumedanissueof coinsatthistime(cf.

hasalreadybeenmade,passim,byall

tionoftheSyracusantetradrachmsinthe

ariouscitiesof Greecewhichstartedor

forethemiddle ofthefourthcentury.

.imitationsofSyracusancoinsaretobe

bythepoliticalinfluenceundoubtedly

howaspresentattheCongress)in Central

bleinfluxofSyracusanmoneyatthis period,

cenarytroopssentintothe countryby

Lacedaemonianallies."Maynotaesthetic

vaenetushavehadan influence,apart

ons?Seltman,GreekCoins,pl.XXIV,3,

cadrachmsignedbyEvaenetusfromwhich

erecopied;pl.XLIV,4-7,showthe

gindatefromca.38otoca. 35o.Nodie

hesecoinsandit isimprobablethat

seemstobe inafashionpeculiartothe

riginatedby Evaenetus.Seltman,p1.

adrachms,datingfrom474-413,showing

tofwhichcanbe paralleledfromvasesand

-12,signedSosion,Euth.andPhrygillus,

antsofanewmode,wherethehair is

,thencoiledsoftlyover aconfiningband,

cedontheheadbefore thehairwasdrawn

of no.1inthis catalogue.)Thismode

th Italiantownsinthelast thirdofthe

GreekCoins,pl.XXI,4(Terina,ca.425),7

.


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44/79

(Cumae,ca.43o).No.5.on thesameplate,

sclearlyhow Evaenetustookthesimple

edtherathersevereoutlinewithaprofusion

eSyracusanpieces,theaddedgrainwreath

ity.Itis thisstylewhichwascopiedfarand

h suchaheadmayhavereachedGreece

sthevariouscitieswerenot freetostrike

ortlybefore,itmustbeconcludedthatthose

tationofthisstyle aretobedated368 and

hestyleismodified,thegrain wreathisoften

merelywith afillet,ornot atall.There-

acesreflecttherelativeskill ofthecopy-

ediecutterswereamongthe most

someoftheothercitieslistedin note83,the

sssuccessfulthanthemodel.

optionof thistypewasundoubtedly

doptedit,one canseethecourseofevents

tion.Priorto387,thatorganizationstruck,

ngotherdenominations,drachmashaving

mphwithherhair rolledupina fashionnot

san,towhichno.1 inthehoardis related,

thelettersEY above.84Afterthatcoinage

swereontheMacedonianstandard,but

onneseandCentralGreece,manyofwhichhadhadlittleor

urthcenturyandthushadnotraditionaltypes toemploy,

dtheSyracusantypefor alocaldivinityornymph.The

whosesmallcoinsshowa headveryliketheearlierEuboean

aite,pi.2o6,19,21)Thespiae,Messene,Pheneus,tosay

es,ChalcisandHistiaea,areillustratedin allcollections;

tes,passim,givesexamplesofmostofthemexceptthe

lreferencetofourthcenturyissues ofthatisland.The

stedbyitsappearanceonthecoinsof ApterainCrete,Sinope

cus,DicaeainMacedonia(bronze),Carthage,Massiliaand


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45/79

.Thechangefromtheearlierstyle tothe

aidof aforeignartist,ascan beseenfrom

coin,no.45, withtheB.M.C.Cent.Greece

XVII,5. No45isa uniquespecimenina

crude85:itcannotbeearly becauseits

sthatitis ontheMacedonianstandard.It

mph'sheadiscoarse,withheavyprofile and

dtobesurea femaleheadisintended.The

ed,poorlyexecuted,istotheleft andthe

reisno possibilitythatthisis aforgery:it

havepassedcurrentasan ancientforgery;

t wascoveredwiththesameheavypurplish

oinsin thehoardanditstype wasnot

aning.Itdoesnothavefixeddieslike the

eflatnessofthereversearguesagainstits

ystiandrachmas,whosecup-shapedreverses

tmustbe concludedthatthisistheonly86

ypeissuedbythe Euboeans,about368,

nsafteralapse ofsometwentyyears.The

eenoutofworkforsome time;desuetude

ecutionofthehairand featuresonthe

tereversalofthe typeonthereverse,with

alternately,apersonwithno experiencein

theearlier type,wouldbelikelytoachieve

edinno.45.Dissatisfactionwiththis

employtheservicesofaminor"master,"

boveis inthebeststyle(cf. note85).The

ndextremelysagaciousremarksofC.H.V.Sutherland

illustratethedangersofrelyingsolelyon styleanddis-

resasfabricandtechniquein datingcoins.Thehoard

ellentexampleofacoin inverypoorstyle,thework ofan

hichmustbedatedconsiderablylaterthan itsappearance

buttressedbytheopinionofProf.WilliamWallace,whois

ncoinage;heknowsofno otherlikeit.


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46/79

Syracusanheadashismodel,evento the

treatmentofthehairis simplerandneater

tianLocrisandthatofthefeaturesand

thewasnomere copyistisclear(a)from

avishlyboundtoretainthe orientationof

theearlierEuboeancoinshadbeenturned

issimplificationofthe hair,whichisfar

ize oftheflanthana moreelaborate

been.

hemademore thantheoneobversedie,

nseemstobetheonly onepublished.He

or thesamecoin,wherethebull'shead is

heartist'sindividualityappearsinhis

ofthe bull'shide,bymeansofa delicateuse

tionoftexture,sofarasI know,doesnot

herethebull, orhisheador protome,isthe

oachtoitis oncoinsofPhocis:SNGL,III,

tman,GreekCoins,pl.XXXIV,no.4.

r357,whenthe Phociansgainedpossession

theoccurrenceofthe lyreassymbolon

rse,tobe connectedwiththatseizure.The

ntheEuboeancoins,withhismuzzlelifted

altartowhichhe isbeingled,hasa pedigree

he cocksontheCarystianstaters.

ablished,wasinterpretedthereafterby

ustdiscussed,withoutanysymbol,pro-

hortly after368;possiblylittlemorethan

e"lyre"drachmasmaybepresumedto

6.Theheadsareina styleinferiortothatof

us,recentlystudiedbyDesneux,"LesTetradrachmes

eNum.,95(1949);Sybaris,SirisandPyxus(Seltman,Greek

m(Noe,TheThurianDi-Staters,Num.NotesandMonographs

yna(Seltman,pi.36,13 and38,14);Byzantium

tosaynothingofthe otherEuboeancoins.

mannerofarrangingthehair.


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47/79

gis differentandthenecklacehasbeen

eensimplifiedandregularizedtoa point

rils areallowedtoescapefromthesleek

89Probablytheanvildiesofnos. 46-51were

orthereare onlyminordifferences.Thedie

larlyinthetreatmentofthe eyeandprofile;

eenplacedfirst intheseries,asbeing closer

isnotlinkedtothe rest,ithasbeenput at

betweenno.46andthefollowingcoinsis

ncollection,unpublished,Ihavetwo

edie(P1), oneofwhichhasA2 forthe

an anvilwhichdoesnotoccurinthe hoard.

ofthese coinsfarenobetterina comparison

heobverse:the bullisfilleted,ason that

d,wearycreature,withloweredmuzzle.

thehoard,(4anviland4 punchdies,a

hecoininmycollectionmentionedabove)it

nethelengthoftimeduringwhichthe lyre

Onothergrounds itispossibleto suggestthat

ticalsignificance,wentoutofuseshortly

pII tothethroneofMacedon,sincein 357

theAthenianConfederacy,sendingdepu-

alcisandEretriabeingseparatelyas-

eswerestrikingcoinsindependentlyof

ration,towhichapparentlyCarystusbe-

theLocrianOpuntianhemidrachmsareverysimilar:cf.

16andSNGL3,pi. 32,169717o1,17o3,asaresome

leanColl.2,pi.2o4, 2andSNGL3,pi. 33,1787,1788and

oll.2,pi.2o5,18,19 andSNGL3,pi.33,1796.

ownto Head,eitherintheBMCCent.Greeceor inthe

nthesecondeditionin1911, nortoBabeloninthe Traite,

msmethathehas 29specimens,althoughtheonlypublished

openhagenSNG,484,theUniversityofColoradoCat.of

o.93andWeber3393,whichin thetextisdescribedas

nowntoMadameVarouchain1941.Cf.Epitymbion

1941)"PtolemaicCoinsinGreece,"672.


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eircoinageneitherceasednorchangedtothe

ceoftheChalcidicLeagueincausingthe

ndardinEuboeahas alreadybeenmentioned

rystianstaters;thatthecitiesofEuboea

scontinuedimportance.Between368and

ens,whichhadconcludedatreatywith

1-37o,wasmakingaseriesof attemptsto

seofactionwhichcouldonlyfurther

tseemsquiteprobablethatthe tinycon-

rstseries attestsanevencloserconnection

eagueduringtheperiodbetween367/6and

or theperiodaboutadecadeearlier(i.e.

stuswasthefirstEuboeancityto usethe

edrachmaofChalciswiththecountermark

+N,first discussedbyBabelon92and

p.185-6,underno.161, whichhehas

ountermarkedbythecityofIchnaeabout

entury,servesasanindicationthatthelyre

-typewithonlya religioussignificance.

OlynthusandPella,wasapartofthe

searlyas 383B.C.,forCleigenes,amember

thusandApolloniatotheLacedaemonians,

a93thatOlynthuswastheninpossessionof

Fromthiscountermarkonthedrachmaof

edwithOlynthus,wecanconcludethatthe

masindicatesarapportbetweentheisland

usionbyaconsiderationofthe fabricofthetwoseries:the

eplyroundedonthereverseandthe dieswerenotfixed;the

mostflatandthedies arefixedwithsuchprecisionthaton

torbackoftheneckmarksthe lineoftheaxis.The His-

sresembletheEuboeandrachmasinfabric.Itwouldbe

glecoinofChalcisinthis hoard,sincebothChalcisand

yequidistantfromCarystus,iftherewerenopolitical

ouse thecoinsfromEretriainsteadofChalcis.

88IT.;Melangesnumismatiques,4thseries,pp.147154.


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49/79

me,whateverthenationalityofthepeople,

dof sympathywiththepeopleofthe

onisbestdatedbetween368 and357,the

eLeaguewerenotworkingtowardthe

citiesof Euboeajoinedthemid-century

ngSilenmaskassymbol,arethe only

hegroupwhichsucceededtothosewiththe

nisfromthereversedie (P6)ofno. 54,but

LockettandPariscoins(see note75)adda

versetothe dieswithwhichIam ac-

ssibletosuggestthat coinswiththeSilen

naboutthesamenumbersas thosewith

eenabletofindfour reverseandfiveobverse

umbers,atleast overacomparablelength

twohoardspecimensistheimmediate

52. Shehasevenplainerearrings,her fillet

theneckandher hairisrathermoresimply

"Western"style.94Theheadisforthefirst

tionwhichpersiststhroughthesubsequent

nsofHistiaea thechangeisnevermade.

eonnos.46-52.

uponaserieswhichended in357,and

357and35o wascharacterizedbyaclose

islogical,grantingapolitical significance

meaningconnectedwithAthensfortheuse

emerarityof aSilenmask,evenasa type,

imselfoccursonthecoinsofvariouscities,95

ofthe copiesoftheSyracusanheadsisseenon thecoinsofthe

ormore thanabriefperiod.Chalcisin particular,reaches

heheadsonsuchcoinsas McCleanColl.II,pi.2o4,47.

omthe Thraco-Macedonianarea,someattributableto

unassigned,withnymphandsatyr;the satyrontheassat

Naxos.Thasos,before35o,strucksmallcoinswith a

ellasa satyrholdingacantharus(McCleanColl.II,pi.152,


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50/79

nforitsuse atthistime.Ratherhesitantly

nthat wehavehereareferencetothe

fth centurythiswastheseasonatwhich

obablycontinuedtobetheappointedtime

ntheEuboeancities,voluntarilyrather

erepayingtributetoAthens.Whilethe

thecoins,andtheparallelsciteddo not

ebaldelderlysatyr isalwaysSilenus.Miss

mTheaterwesenimAltertum,pp.9o-91,

nthe fourthcenturywasperformed,not

es,butquiteseparatelyatthe beginningof

terDionysia.AsPapposilenuswasthe

seemsatleastaworkablehypothesisthat

s tothetimeof thecollectionofthetribute,

heSatyr-playmakingthechoiceofthat

e areadilyrecognizableallusion.Since

ependenceofallofEuboeaexceptCarystus

avebeen abandonedatthattime,ifit had

henAthenswas betrayedbyPlutarchat

hebattle ofChaironeia,sawasuccession

cities,withfactionalstrifebetweenpro-

enianparties.Thesomewhatlaterstyleof

achmasleadstotheconclusionthatthere

determinatenumberofyears between

reofthenymphisno longerinthe"Wes-

chreflectsthesculptureofthelatterhalf of

chcontinuesintotheHellenisticperiod.It

dthatthecoiffuremadepopularbyEvae-

vasesorsculptureinthefifth century.The

robablyundertheRomans,comesabronzewithafinesatyr

nMiimenNord-Griechenlands,III2,p.8,6,pi.Ill, 12;for

oin,seetheBerlinBeschreibung,II,pi.1,1o.

12S.;CAH6,231232.


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riety,rangingfromloose-tressedMaenads

anneroffillet,ampyx,sphendoneor

essedmoresimply.Starting,somewhat

anAthena,97onefindsthehairdrawndown

ith afillet;thehairof theAmazonswas

roma centerpart;theTermeNiobid'shair

adfillethighonthe head.Amodificationof

ntinthebatteredheadsofthe Phigaleia

erinthecoiffureofEirene holdingtheinfant

urledbackfromthefacetoforma heavier

eofthefourthcentury,probablyunderthe

houghhemayonlyhaverefinedanexisting

din themiddle,wasdrawnawayfromthe

eingbroughtbackover thetipsofthe ears,

anAphroditeand Demeter,bothofwhich

.A furtherandlatermodificationresulted

rowframedby thehair,butin coilingthe

idesof theheadandtipsof theears.The

cophagusoftheMourningWomenfrom

h,tonamebuta few,showvariousforms

hairstyle ofthetwoCnidianstatues.

hosewiththecantharusas symbol,nos.

somebeautifulexamplesofthismode,which

vedevelopedeasilyfromthe"Western"style.

6haveonly slightlymodifiedthecoiffure

atthebacktoform achignon,whilecurl-

hter,TheSculptureandSculptorsoftheGreeks,furnishes

statues:LemnianAthena,fig.614;Amazons,(Mattei)

626and627,(Berlin)fig. 655;TermeNiobid,fig.196;Phigaleia

EireneandPloutos,fig. 659;CnidianAphrodite,figs.668

anDemeter,fig.315; AphroditeofAries,fig.685;Head

SarcophagusoftheMourningWomenfromSidon,fig.316;

ction,fig.2o7;MausoleumAmazon,fig.2o9;Bostonhead

eofAntioch,figs.753and754. Therearemanyothers.


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52/79

nsteadofdrawingitbackloosely.The

4,showindividualartists'treatmentofthe

eesofelaborationinthematterof vagrant

medeteriorationofqualityin nos.63and

thanonnos.46-54.No.65,98pl.5, isvery

hesucceedingcoins,nos.66-71,withno

dtritenessin thetreatmentofthehair.The

aveaddedanecklaceforthenymph's

omorebeautifulthereby.Thelast three

74,pl.5,showamarkeddegradationof

emerelyaseries ofregularlinesandthere is

es thatwasevidentontheother heads.In

heek,profileandchinis weakandflat,a

ahadalreadyremarked;sheconsideredita

edateof thecoinswiththedolphin

e ofcoiffurefromtheheadonthe Silen

cantharusseriesreflectsamodenotfar from

entury,thereisnothingtoimpelone toinfer

oeandrachmas.However,itisperhaps

hat confusedperiodbetween348andthe

yPhilipin 338therewassometimein which

ell100hasmadeitclearthat anissueof

uckbetween34oand338.These,onthe

thecloseassociationwithAthensin341-

otheHistiaeandrachmasontheMacedonian

vesthesameartistcut thedies.Now,the

istiaeacoins,althoughboundbya

wsachangefromthe"upsweep"ofthe

hthesame symbol,Traite,1978,no.181,pi.198,3,is not

owsthesamecoiffuredonebyabetter artist.

stiaea(Num.NotesandMonographsNo2).Therewerealso

sameseries.


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53/79

ternedwavesbackfromthebrow,which

ontheEuboeandrachmas.Cf.B.M.C.Cent.

d Newell,op.cit.(supra,note1oo),pi.I,1,

nos.57,6o,61) isinas fineastyleas that

stiaeanoctobolstobe.Whileall theheads

enceofA8,thecoiffure,eventothe detail

sthe same.Asitisnot safeto"pinpoint"

houtspecifichistoricaldata,andas there

knowledge,aboutthesamenumberofdies

for thelyreandSilen maskdrachmas,

datedfollowing34o,101afteraperiodduring

Euboeainterruptedtheregular emission

heisland byPhilipandtheinstallationof

of the'threefettersofGreece')havein the

thatallthe island'scoinageceasedatthat

beenestablishedthat neitherPhilipnor

e102andthat consequentlytheissueof

ythesmalldenominations,after338is

tthat Philipchosetointerfereaslittle as

ffairsof states.

tharus,whichisthesymbolonthese

oftheSilenmask.It appearsonthecoins

typeorsymbolatall periods103andseemsto

reorthe worshipofDionysus.ThatEuboea

dbytheuse ofbunchesofgrapesastype or

04thelocationofthetheateratEretria was

Demeteron thestatersstruckatDelphiin 336(cf.Raven,

p.5) thoughithasthehair hangingandpartiallyconcealed

ontemporarytreatmentofthehairabouttheface.

Hoards,II:Demanhur,19o5,(Num.NotesandMonographs

peanmints arelocatedinMacedoniaandthePeloponnese.

e oncoinsofNaxos,Mende,Melos,Cetriporis,Alopecon-

ra,Boeotia,Thebes,Thespiae,Andros,Aphytis;asasymbol:

Thasos,PhilipIIandAlexanderIII(mintof Amphipolis).

fthcenturyConfederation,Eretria,andHistiaea.


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54/79

onthatof aslightlyearliertemple,which

mpleofDionysus.105However,thecantharus

ulargroupofcoinsinsteadof generally,

rsignificance.Now,onthecoinsof Philip

phipolissubsequentto356,thereoccursa

sasymbolbelowthebodyofthehorse;the

exandercoinsfromthat mint.106Thereason

canfindnoreferencetooneof theindepen-

ncoinshavingthatsymbo1.Whythe

hatsymbolratherthanoneofthe many

anotherphenomenonforwhichI canoffer

uggestedthatabout 34oapro-Macedonian

omark,somewhatobscurelybecauseofthe

ncetoDionysus,hisloyaltytoPhilip.On

dbetimefor thecoiffureofthestatues

meknowntothediecuttersanda short

thertwoseries forthequalityofthe

orated.

thavebeenthe bunchofgrapes,repre-

nglespecimen,no.65.It ishardtotell,

eratherhardprofile andstereotypedhairon

nguishedbullon thereversearethepro-

theresultof alapseoftime.The rather

ndicatesitsdecreasingimportance,Ibelieve,

nasaresultof theambiguouscantharuson

atter'sconnectionwithDionysuswasso

solescenttheremoteMacedoniancon-

ng,say,335,whenpoliticaleventswerefar

28o;(1895)326346,foradescriptionofthe American

an,GreekCoins,2o2andpi.46,n; Gaebler,op.cxt.(supra,

exandercf.Newell,Demanhur,27,nos.247253,and6571.

s atypeoncoinsof Mende,Maroneia,Corcyra,Opus,Tanagra,

ol:Naxos(withcantharusastype)andMende.


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55/79

somnolent.Thebunchofgrapeswasa clear

hadnopoliticalmeaning.

ymbolfurtherreflectthelack ofinterest

teclearlyno politicaleventswereimpor-

don thecoins.Thediesarequite uninspired

otheearlier drachmaswithoutsymbol,

.The coiffureofthenymphshasalready

anthatonthecantharusdrachmas.A12,

dshowsclearlyhowthecoilsofhair atthe

bemoresharplydifferentiatedfromthehair

fromthechignon;the curiousthicklock

ementofthatonsuchahead asno.64.These

tofneatness;nota lockescapesfromits

whichis connectedbyitsreversewithno.

eartisthasdelineatedeye,cheekandpro-

s.7oand71showa markeddegradation,

eadsofthe lot.Thebullsareso nondescript

epictedata timewhenthe"landoffair

ofits bloodedstock:asorrierlotof animals

uringtheyearsfollowingthedeathof

dwasinturmoilandall partsofGreece

ylikelylivestockwasslaughteredinquan-

soldiers,andEuboeawasboundto suffer

sareto beassignedtothelast quarterof

yfollowingtheLamianWar.

ysupportfor thetheory108thattherewasa

onomousGreekcoinagefollowing338.

the Euboeandrachmasthatanycessation

between338and313,thedate ofthelibera-

nder.Inthecase oftheCarystianstaters,

reece,(1884)Introduction,passim;Traite(1914)1723,

inage,4267,forthegradualrealizationthatPhilip made

nomousGreekcoinage;Seltman,GreekCoins,doesnoteven


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56/79

pointtoan intervalbetweenGroupIand

ionofthemonogramisthe onlyessential

ttertwoGroups.ThelastGrouphad already

dfollowing313 byHead,whoapparently

assistancetoAthensintheLamianWar

ssueofcoins,andlater byBabelon(cf.note

upsI andIItothe periodbetween369and

nedtoplacethestatersof GroupII,as

fora numberofreasons:1.thefabricand

oupsisnearly thesameandquitedifferent

23,3o,34);2.the useofamonogram,al-

ierin thefourthcenturysporadically,is

nisticperiod;3.thepresenceoftheEuboean

Carystusarguesfor alackoflocalcoinage.

IIIseemto beconsiderablyrarerthan

a shorterperiodofproduction;suchan

ictedatanytimebythe appearanceof

tin313,theymayhave continueduntil265

dbyBabelon,butinviewof thecontentsof

easedattheend ofthefourthcentury.

hin,thesymbolonnos.72-74,with De-

eadybeensuggestedbyMadameVarouchain

o.Thegreatdifferenceinqualitybetweenthese

makesonehesitatetoconcludethatthey

m.Theirveryflatstyleandbanal treat-

stheextremelysketchydeliniationofthe

d centurywhenthecoinsofothercities

n.109Itis bettertoadmitalapse oftime

rddrachmasandtheothers, althoughthere

e dolphinsymbolwhosestyleandfabric

ap andmakeitpossibleto concludethat

a longerperiodoftimethanany ofthe

oinageofChalcisand Histiaea,tomentiononlythosenearest


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57/79

rcelydeservetobedatedbefore294,when

fMacedon,andprobablycametoanendin

softheEuboeandrachmaswouldremain

stberecognizedthatthereis thepossibility

olshavenopoliticalmeaning.Influencedby

eVarouchathatthedolphin,thelatestsym-

hesamething hasbeensoughtfortheothers.

ow,thereisno linkingobversediefrom

curiousfactinitself,sincenoneof the

,rathersupportsthe politicaltheoryofthe

eoccasionsforeachissue,ratherthana

mbolshonoringvariousdeities.However,

dolphin(whichofcoursecouldbe arefer-

unusualone),it ispossiblethatthe lyre,

bunchofgrapeswerepurelyreligiousin

loDaphnephorusatEretriawasof long

ofthelyreasthe firstsymbolafterthe

oublyhonorthegod, forhislocalimport-

theEuboeans,alongwithothers,gained

mple atDelphi.Theotherthreeare

stnamedbeingcommonlyused,notonly

boeabutgenerallythroughouttheancient

ereproudof theirwines,orhadanother

.110Theothertwoarenotsofrequent,but

cantharus,onissueswhereotherhonors

ppearmostfrequentlyinthe north,more

edonia,butthe cantharusatleastisfound

AstheworshipofDionysuswasintroduced

ernorthernuse ofDionysiactypesand

Giventhe Eretriantempleandtheaterof

ioussignificanceforthesymbols,thefact


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58/79

ourthcenturyatEretriacanbe takento

tionwiththenorthmadetheadoptionof

ostexclusivelyinthenortha simpleenough

tiongivesnoclueto thedatesofissueof

shasbeen stated,theirrelativechronology

enar.,partlyoffflan.

.field olivesprayandwaningmoon;in

.

ms.U2

ms.

nleftuncleanedtopreservethe incrustation,onthechance

oard mayappear.


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59/79

hms,thegrotesquefourthcenturytype

bverseandthecaricaturedowlonthe re-

rsto thehoard.Noattempthasbeenmade

thenegativeevidenceofdate inthatthey

pearedonthereverseofa fewratherrare

osewiththesymbolsareassignedto some

nWar,113whichleavestheremainderof the

fter394,forsuchtetradrachmsasthesein

circulatedinEuboeaafter357 (seeabove

tranceintothehoardmust beconsiderably

ornstate.It maybeconjecturedthatinthe

estgroupofCarystianstatersand thetwo

313) theseweretheonlylargecoinscirculat-

eyenteredthehoardduringthe latterpart

tur1es

r.

ockyprominence;in1.fieldF, in

men.

orn.

r.,in laterstylethan81.

oniccapital;in field1.andr.FA.

atworn.

dies unpublishedinSeltman,The

No.81isverylike hisCB(GroupG,Series

air atthenapeof theneckdoesnotend

eis unlikeanyofhis,not onlyinGroupG,

gonwhatlookslike aheapofrocks.The

GroupG,whichistheonly onewiththe

Gardner,op.cit.{supra,note27) 366;Traite,11912o;

o.


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60/79

nassignsthesetotheyears363-343,

ell114inclinestotheearlierdate.No.82

ionbetweenSeltman'sGroupGandhis

s,fortheobverseislikehis DA(pi.VII)

saremere linesandthehair atthenapeof

m thehead.Asomewhatsimilartreatment

pi.VII) andforeshadowedinGroupG,

reverseof no.82,withoutasymbol,has

estfortheeagle,whichappearsonlyin his

isnotthere.Thecoinis morewornthan

nceofthedate notbeingindicatedbythe

thishoard.HisGroupK datesfrom273-

no.82 thereforeshouldbedatednearthe

r thebeginningofthethird. Theeagleson

stylewhichtheCarystiancocksofGroup

oinsmayrecordatripto Olympiaby

y,ortheymayhave reachedEuboeathrough

circulateeasily,sinceBoeotiausedthe

safter318.115

sr.,in lion'sskin.

ted1.,holdingscepter,r.footdrawn

APOY;in1.field,caduceus.

atworn.

ardsIV.Olympia,(Num.NotesandMonographsNo.39)13.

otlistedbyNewell,andby thepositionofZeus'rightleg

e,its attributiontoAmphipolisseemscertain,sincethe

mbolofthatmint. Cf.Newell,Reattribution,pi.2(XII1o)

son,"AnAlexanderHoardofMegalopolis,"ANSMus.

d2o,no.21, pi.3.


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16

bolinfield;below chairWinwreath.

ldr*P

ightlyworn.

118

tedL,onbacklesschair,holdingscepter,

.


62/79

egofZeusdrawnback;inr. fieldtraces

airA

ld,lyre;belowchairB

worn.

shavebeencataloguedfirst,theearliest

ythedrachma,no.87;itis theonlyone

epositionof Zeus.Theclippingofno.85

eedgeissmoothandnot raggedasisthe

semetalhadcrystalizedandchippedoffin

suchacoinin thehoardissurprising.The

oinsinthe hoard,whichhasnocoinsof

ce.Ifonly thetetradrachmswerepresent,

all coinsissuedlocallywerestillcirculating

e purposesofsavingsthetetradrachms

Elis) wereputaway.Thethreedrachmas,

dtheendofthe fourthandduringthefirst

mallcoinsofAlexanderweresupplementing,

.Thismay betakenasapartial explana-

atestseriesof Euboeandrachmas,those

containsonlythree specimens.Evidently

andgiving waytothenew,asindividual

allerintheperspectiveofthegreatnew

Macedonia,2,pi.24,882,whereasimilarcoin isassigned

8.

Macedonia,2,pi.25,864,whereasimilarcoin isassignedto

ourthorthirdcentury.Newelldoesnotlist thesymbol(lyre).


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63/79

28

6122

filleted.

mphalos,holdingbowandarrow;in

ce-torch;infieldr.,B]AllAEfil

gramandeagle.

.

yAntiochusHieraxduringordirectly

henhewasin possessionofpartofAsia

ucusII.Newell123whoknewthe obversedie

anartistwhoworkedlaterat Lampsacus

eversedies atbothplaceswhichhavethe

enepieceshavetheforepartofPegasusbelow

m Abydushaveamonogramandaneagle

xergueis defaced,enoughremainstoshow

gramandsymbolbelow;thearea below

otisunmarredand toosmalltohavecon-

me.Theobversediediffersfromone usedat

etails;indeed,Newellhimselfsaysthatthe

3-4 and1557-8arealmostindistinguish-

ementofthehairabovethefillet marksthis

nofno.1558. HedatestheAbydusissue

mpsacene,saying(p.331)"Doubtlessin

anattackontheChersonneseandpari-

eucidminttherewasmergedwiththat of

241andlaterasdatesfor theAbyduscoins

cus.Sincethe'WaroftheBrothers'124

ucidMints,327,no.1558a5;pi.71,12 and72,1(obverse

sedie of8).Thehoardcoinis fromtheobversedieof5;

tfromandbetterthananyof thethree.

ucidMints,32933o.

ucidMints,331 2.


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64/79

husHieraxfled,presumablytoThrace

oinwasstruckbetween241andand236and

asburiedabout23o b.C.

ntfactthattheearliestand thelatest

leastsignsofwearhasalreadybeen

sonsfor disregardingwearindatingthe

hoardis, however,importanthistorically

entingasitdoestheaccumulationofafamily

oyears.Therearevariousotherinstancesof

ulation:thethird,fourthandfifth Dura

eastas longaperiod.ThesmallSiphnos

coversnearly1ooyears.125Surelythetotal,

catethat itmusthavebeenslowly

erablesacrifice.Thuswemayoutlinethe

osetroublous yearsofthefourthand

k,ofwhomlittleaccountistakenin the

ents,thebattlesandthe conquests,inthose

independentGreekcitiesandtheriseof

oms.Thefirstcoinsaved,arare and

blywasputawayforthatreason,drachmas

e toexchangeforthishandsomepiecewith

vings.Followingthatthe eightCarystian

intothefamilycoffers.Thetwenty-four

c,all struckinclosesuccession,indicate

ditionsandsomelocalprosperity:thismay

Carystusstruckstaters,forshewasthe

arger coinsthandrachmasbetween387

giventothe tetradrachmsoftheEuboean

henHistiaeastruckoctobols.Asthefabricof

hatoftheEuboeandrachmas,theperiod

blythesixAtheniantetradrachmsalso

sentedbythesecoins,with thecorollary

ngcoinsduring thattime.Possiblyafter


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65/79

later,therewasabriefperiod ofpros-

d townsfolk,whenthelaterstaterswere

couldsaveonlyeleven.Theend ofthe

inning,oreventhe firsthalf,ofthethird,

boeandrachmasenteredthehoard,was

ngentperiodfinanciallyforthe family,

ethe EleanstatersandtheAlexandrine

marksadiminutionof localcurrency.

lipof Macedon,whichenjoyedsuch

hwereonthesamestandardas theEuboean

he intenselocalpatriotismofthefamily;

erofbronzeissuesof Euboea,andthe

vemadeitmoreprofitableto sacrifice

putawaythelarge silverofAlexander.The

ofAntiochusHierax,showsthatthehoard

til thethirtiesofthethird century;the

unabletodiscover.Someobscurefate

adbeenthriftyfora long,longtime.


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A hoard of silver coins from Carystus / by David M. Robinson

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