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ATICSOCIETY
EET
Publ
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SFROMCARYSTUS
rcoins,allcoveredwitha thickpurplish
meintomycollectionfromaEuropeandealer.
thconsiderabledifficulty;1theEuboean
gue,resistedeveryefforttoremovethein-
etradrachms(nos.79and8o,PlateVI)
oaidthe identificationofothercoinswhich
ishoard,ifthere beanysuch.Thedealer
ecoinsfromapeasantwhoclaimedthathe
theslopesofMt. Ocha,abovethemodern
OthonupolisandnowPalaechora)andthat
ollection.Ihavebeenunable togetany
theprecisespotonMt. Ocha,whetherthey
eartheprimitivetemplementionedbelow.
ewof contentsofthehoard,thatthey
ancientCarystus.Thisisthefourthhoard2
Carystus,butonlythesecondto contain
periodbefore197b.C.One,foundin 186o,
ardhasthirty-seven.
tcitysituatedatthe southernendof
Ocha(14o4m.high)3wheretherestands
ardGansforhis helpincleaningthecoins.
drachmasand7oAtheniantetradrachms,buriedabout,
3.(Cf.Parnassus[1883]777;ZfN,12[1885]1o3;A JNum,
aburialfoundini 86ocontained15staters;Sotheby,
18,nos.961o2.Cf.S. P.Noe,BibliographyofGreekCoin
MonographsNo.78),67,211,212,for thehoardsofi86o
oardofabout38coinsfoundin 193o,containingeight
ondcenturyB.C.
riousCountriesin theEast,285;Wiegand,AM,21(1896)
kmalerdesklassischenAltertums,2,pi.15,881 883,s.v.
nedbyJohnson,AJA,29(1925) 398412.Onthename
K&puoros;Welcker,KleineSchriften,3,376ff.:calledOcha
ToitcovSeoovpi^EcosAidsKcri"Hpaj.
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asthe oldesthypaethraltemple,onededi-
lateridentifiedwithHera.4Persiansunder
dedatCarystusin49o b.c.5Inhonorof
ansand becausetheywerefreetoplow
tians,afterMarathon,dedicatedabronze
Butin48o,theCarystianslentaid to
evensaysthattherewasa rumor,which
tes,sonofPhanagoras,aCarystian,be-
mopylae,forwhichlatertheCarystians
ystuswastheonlycitywhichdidnot fora
eague,accordingtoGeyer,10althoughBes-
dela confederationmaritimed'Athenes."
dingtoThucydides,I,98and Herodotus,
therestofEuboea,foughtthe Athenians,
dwasfinallyforcedbyCimonto jointhe
atributeof7% talents,thenuntil425,5
vidently13reducedthetribute,givingthe
ce.Carystusjoinedtherevoltof446,14but
m442-439Carystusisabsentfrom thefull
edfaithfultoAthens.In415-414,the
412.
er,in hisbook,TopographieundGeschichtederInselEuboia
eferredtoasEuboia,102ff.,givesthehistoryof Carystus
Macedoniantimes.Carystuswassupposedtobeanold
huc.7,59;Diod.4, 37;Scymnus476;Strabo,1o,6.For
raphyofthe cityseePraktika(19o8)1o1113;IGXII,
G,XII,9,8 and9.
op.cit.(supra,note5),29.
f.theinscription,foundat Carystus,publishedinPrak-
[k]6]vueSfo-avTocsKoQpuo-riosGTtuopfoocTO
ographieAncienne(1914)182.
McGregor,TheAthenianTributeLists,1,3o23,499;2,80.
,1,27,5.
Merittetc.op. cit.(supra,note12).
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hucydides,VII,57,4,were
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ct,thewholeofEuboeaneverplayeda very
Greece,aftertheearlyperiod,and hadno
immortality;thereforetheremustbe
anyattemptatexplanationofthe issuesof
boeancities.
perousbecauseoftheCarystianplain19
enproducingfamousnuts.20Itwas fertile
cattle;soacow appropriatelyoccursonthe
se ofpracticallyallthecities ofEuboea,a
offinecattle.Thusthestaters ofCarystus
nomenonofa doublepunningtype:theob-
and andthereversethatofthe city.The
owardthetwowill betoucheduponinthe
emselves.Theharborhadgood fish;21the
ecializinginacookingdish calledkockko:|3os
ystuswasrichin minerals:copper,bronze
A(3os.a2Itwasveryfamousforthe marble
rblewithgreen veins,muchusedbythe
uildings.231sawonmy visittracesofmany
aand elsewherenearCarystus.Itpro-
men:Glaucustheathlete,celebratedby
ysician;Aristonicus,thelyre-playerand
erofAlexander;Apollodorus,acomicpoet;
gonus,abiographerandartist;another
centuryB.c.wrotea CollectionofMarvels;
oetof theAugustanage.24
phrastus,H.P.,8,4, 4;Athenaeus,II,521.,V,212band
7o.
3o2a.
miantos;Seneca,Tro.,836;jeraxvariilapidisCaristos;
stus.
eCarystiae;DarSag,3,1682; Strabo,1o,437,446,
G,XII, 9,15916o,withcompletetestimoniaonCarystus.
{supranote12),i,499.
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hehoardthe largestportionisfrom
eremainingsixteen,sixareAtheniantetra-
redowlofthefourthcentury;twoare staters
chms,andthree,drachmasofAlexander;
etradrachmofAntiochusHierax.Theyhave
ogically,withtheexceptionthatthecoins of
en placedaftertheEuboeandrachmas,
blycontemporaneous.Thisactuallydis-
andservestoleavetheEuboeancoins,the
ehoard,togetherin thecatalogue.
manCoinage(pp.92-97)discussesthe
mainclassesofhoards,domesticandmer-
yformareasfollows.Mercantilehoardsare
opreferenceforstaters;theymaycontain
rncoins(thecontentsof thetill)orof
hdrawnforadefinitepurpose).Domestic
hebestcoinsincirculationandthe largest
ailable.Theproportionofbadlyworncoins
ndsrepresentingordinarycurrency.Many
earlierwornpiecesandthenfreshones,in-
oard wasstartedanditssubsequent
nlyaccumulatedwheneconomicconditions
asbeendepreciationofthecurrency,the
w(whichGreshamdidnotinvent)makes
ontheolderheavierones; consequently
sina domestichoardisdependenton
onditions.
wotypesofhoard,not mentionedby
ered.Amercantilehoardcanbepresumed
onof currencyincommonuseatagiven
mstancepromptedthesecretionofthe
parativewearwouldgiveanindicationo f
coins,butanindicationmerely,sinceit is
cethewanderingsofanindividualcoin,
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uldtendto showmorewearthanlocalones.
dfromSiphnospublishedby Newell25which
seventeenAtheniancoinsallbutoneof
remuchmorewornthanthecoinsof
atleastas earlyas,ifnotearlier than,the
noshoard,liketheoneunderdiscussion,is
accordingtoMilne'sdefinitionnorclearly
elythatmost hoardscanbesosharply
pearinrecognizablecontextsinthecourse
adomestichoard,the"proverbialstock-
containcoinscoveringagreaterrange of
hird,fourthand fifthDurahoards,thelast
m 49-2oB.c.to256-7A.D.)26and ofvary-
nding(a)uponthe financialconditionofthe
therornot therewasadepreciationofthe
ponthe financialconditionofthehoarder,
oinwas oflocalorforeignorigin.Obviously
onwouldsavewhatevercoinhecould:a
htwellmeanconsiderablescrimping;a
ercisesomediscriminationinwhatcoinshe
efromwearonhoardcoinsit mustbe
allthecoinswerewithdrawnfromcircula-
ay,and adistinctionmadebetweenlocal
atthehoarderhad ahistoricalratherthan
coins.Ifhehadtwopiecesof equalvalue,he
put awaythebetterlooking,ifitweighed
oassumethatthe thriftysoulsofantiquity,
ponfromtimetotime,were coincollectors
ngtopossess onlythemostbeautifulof
eywerenotcognizantofbeauty:whowould
But,ina domestichoard,evenmorethanin
Num.Notesand MonographsNo.64).
FourthDura HoardsandNewell,TheFifthDuraHoard
phsNos.55and58).
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ue,orbullionvalue,thatis weight,istobe
actorinthe selectionofcoinstobesaved.
cteristicsofthedomesticthanofthe
nety-twocoinsfifty-onearestatersortetra-
achmas.Sixteenpiecesarenotoftheisland
nty-six,thirtyarenot ofCarystus.Milne's
rdcontains"normallythebestcoinsi n
denominationsreadilyavailable"isnotat
wayof knowingwhatarenormallythe
citystates wherethemintoperatedsome-
softhe yearprecedinganissuebythe mint
conditionasthebestcoinsin ayearin
The"largestdenominationreadilyavail-
onthefinancialconditionofthe hoarder
ation.Thefactthatthishoardrangesin
fthcenturytothesecondhalf ofthethirdand
oinsisclearproofthatit wasnotthesaving
privatefinancialandeconomicconsidera-
sitionofeachcoinin thehoard.Itis,indeed,
mpossible,thatthe familysavingswere
er solongaperiod oftime,althoughof
knowinghowoftensomecoinswerewith-
ncy.
coinsinthehoard,the seventy-six
sofwearwhichprecludethepossibilityof
yfromwear.TheEuboeanstater,no.1,is
ighteven bedescribedasfine.Itis the
andobviouslysawlittlecirculationbefore
ty-sevenCarystianstaters,6/0arevery
o%are somewhatworn.Thechartshows
e groupsofCarystianstaters(seebelowfor
ystiandrachmasandtheEuboeandrach-
hout.Insummaryformtheseare the
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yworn;17/0worn;4O/0somewhatworn.
0veryworn;62;0worn;250/0somewhatworn.
Oworn;6o0/0somewhatworn.
arystiandrachmasnotwellpreserved;7fU
morethanslightlyworn;63/0of the
nslightlyworn.
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rtionofveryworn coins(6%),aswellas
ontrasttotheCarystiandrachmas,donot
tobeapplied tothishoard.It mustbecon-
ngwhichthe earlystaterswerestruck,or
wasa periodofcomparativeprosperityfor
eabletoput awaytwenty-fivestaters.
s, sincethereisevidenceofheavystriking
e prosperityisinmostcasesat leastclosely
perity.Iflargenumbersofthesecoinsap-
cksuccession,itmust havebeenatatime
ywhenthefamilycouldsavealargepropor-
staterswerestruckmorelightly,forthere
renceis thattimeswerelessprosperous
n circulation;thefamilywasabletosave
ondition.
eringthepossibleapplicationofGres-
ytendsto bedrivenoutofcirculationby
ethatthe'somewhatworn'statershavea
eights,average)
ut thattheweightofthe coinwasthede-
nceintothe hoard.Ancientmethodsof
ere,itis notsurprisingthataperson
asmuchvalueas possiblewouldlaymore
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ppearance.GroupsIIandIIIdo notshow
ofweightasa determiningfactor(their
hemlessvaluableasevidence),buttheydo
heearliestcointhatis themostworn.
boutthe chronologicalorderofthese
tyleandtechniqueallcombineto place
77-371andthe othertwoGroupsatleast
groupofcoinsinthe hoard,thethirty
5,whichisaunicumhasbeenexcludedfrom
Theremainingthirty-onearegrouped
ativechronologydiscussedindetailbe-
ityofthe style;thedevelopmentofthe
vaenetusandhisfollowers,widelyadopted
e influenceofthesculpturalstylethrough
hcentury,aswellasthedeteriorationof
dualartist,but ofnumismaticartasa
Whileit istruethatany stylisticargument
tive,yetgenerallyrecognizedtrendsofstyle
gnored.TheexistenceoftheBritishMuseum
ylecloselyrelatedtothoseofSyracuse,is
hatEuboeawas intheareaaffectedby
5 andtheBritishMuseumcoinshowthe
mbolwasused;nos.66-71,also without
ntheserieswhenthe politicalsituationdid
symbolsto thetype.Thedisparitybe-
outsymbolandnos.66-71shows clearly
eenstruckcontemporaneously.
n p.8,thesimilarityof the"wear
othatof thestatersisapparent.Thereare
betterthan"somewhatworn"condition
withthestaters,weighthereis thedetermin-
f acoinintothehoard.
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LYWHATWORNVERY
RN
3.76
4o3.333.29
31
ndicatecoinswhichchippedincleaning,
onofthemetal.Theonecoin withthe
ng3.7o(no.55)istheonly oneofhigh
ewhatworn"condition;thisisbalanced
eighing3.76.It isevidentthattoolittle
weightas contrastedwithwearinthe
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Thecoininbest conditionfromthepointof
cointhatweighsthemost,not theone
tifu1.Thisprincipleshouldalsooperatein
rds,since,exceptforpurelylocalcurrency
therthan avaluedeterminedbythemetal
ofprimeimportance.Allotherfactors
uratelymeasurable,ascontrastedwith
minationofwhichisboundto besomewhat
enceonwhichtorely;weightmustbe con-
nclusionsaboutdatesfromtheamountof
yindealingwithdomestichoardssuchas
of alatercoinwhichis morewornthanan
taters,nos. 81-82,pp.56-57,andPlateVI.
ativeandsuggestingdefinitedatesfor
ins,greaterreliancehasbeenplacedon
hnique,styleandhistoricalprobabilitythan
thehoard.Particularlyinthishoard,
atest coinsoftheninetyarethe bestpre-
earindeterminingdatesis liketobuilding
.
phr.,infine style.
ted head,standingr.onexergual
er;aboveEYfc
ms.(cleaned)13.85grms.o.o28m.and
t afederalcoinage,ontheAeginetan
atEretria,wasbegunafter411when
Head,H.N.2,362, andGardner,HistoryofAncientCoinage,
he dateoftheintroductionofthe Atticstandard,Head
4.The occurrenceofthiscoininthehoardgives moreweight
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edom.Thetypeswerearecumbentbullon
f thenymphonthereversewith thein-
schangedtotheAtticaboutthe timethat
withAthens,in 378orearlier;thetypes
hiscoin.Cf. Grose,McCleanColl.II,pl.
CXCVII,2o-22.Anunpublishedcoinin
16.36grms.)andMiinzenundMedaillen,
,1949,no.82o(wt.16.42grms.)arefrom
e hoardcoin,andprobablyfromthesame
eisalsoused ontheBerlincoin,Traitip. 195,
ead,28unadornedbyfillet, earringsor
tiis,bearsastartlingresemblancetothe
thenianAgorain 1932.HomerThompson29
edthathead ca.43ob.c.,givingasthe
c. whentheprofileheadonthe Syracusan
asoftnessofoutlinewhichtheAgorahead
eofthenymphon thehoardcoinisnot
zehead;while thehairispulled uptothe
ndoneratherloosely,sothat thehair
mtheface.Theprofileismarkedby the
d neckasontheAgorahead.The headon
asadifferentformof theinscriptiononthe
e,althoughthehairshowssomeinfluence
rachmsofEvaenetus.Itissurelylaterthan
entsa problem.TheAtticstandardis
H.N.2p.xlviii,as17.49,withwhom
tCoinage,p.156agrees;bySeltman,
naiesgrecquesetromaines,2emePartie,TomeIII,(herein-
)1956,citesMahler,Journ.I nt.a"Arch.Num.3(19oo)
onthatthis headisacopyfroma headof"Apollo"inthe
esdenandNaples.Hedatesthe coinca.4ooB.C.
upplement1(AthenianStudiesPresentedto William
8.
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ogrms.I shouldprefertosetthe figureat
ofthe royalminaof1o9ogrms.In anycase
above17 grms.OfthesixAtheniantetra-
wouncleanedspecimensweigh17.31and
o);the cleanedspecimens,(nos.75-78),all
espectively16.5o,16.5o,16.4o,and16.31
drachmsofAtticweightasIknowhavethe
d:McClean,no.57o4,16.59grms.,threein
36,16.32and16.95grms.,threelistedby
,16.1o,16.45,17.o1grms.,theBaselcoin
rms.,Naville,16(1933),118o,16.51grms.
ut thatthesecoinsarestruckon theAttic
oardcoin,wehavethe extantweightof
olight foratetradrachmontheAttic
isistheonlycoinin thehoardfromwhich
etheheavyincrustation.Theother coins,
ther heavylayer,whichflakedoffwitha
staterswereweighedbeforeandafter
ivenbelow.Thenormfor thesecoins,onthe
.29-7.36grms.
s
ndtherangerepresentedbythese coins,
esfrommorethan 18%tomorethan11%.
ofCarystusandone ofEretria,suffereda
theweightincleaning.Thediameterof the
largerthan theaveragefortheCarystian
eEuboeancoinhas aslightlylargersurface
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morethan 14%losscouldbeassumed
werepossibletoremovetheincrustation,
dthreeseparateeffortsatcleaningthe coin.
nwasweighedandits weightremained
a conservativefigure14%,theweight
hichsubtractedfrom13.85wouldleave
dweightofthe coin,afigurewhichispro-
s conservative.TheEuboeanstatersof
hIknowtheweightsareas follows:11.94,
elon,Traiti,pp.193-194),Newellcollection,
rthe Carystianstatersindicatethatabout
m forthedenominationbyincrustation.If
mfortheAeginetanstater(ca.12.6oor ca.
14.24or13.72grms.,inthe formercaseonly
latter.13grms.lessthanthe weightofthe
hinfineconditionwasprobablynotfresh
nspiteof thefactthatcertainlytheob-
eversedie wereusedforAtticweighttetra-
estotheNewellandBaselcoinsabove),this
and providestheconnectinglinkbetween
achms,provingthatthe typewaschanged
hangeprobablytookplacenearthebe-
ry(cf.note27).
nstandard,norm:7.2^7.36grms.
rnedback,withkneeling,sucklingcalf,
lline.Damagetodie atcow'sr.hoof
r.ofcockpoisedtocrow,r. Artist1.30
245m.tt Somewhatworn.
e artistsdesignated,seethediscussionfollowingthecatalogue.
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otand exerguallineconfused.
iblythesamedie.Artist1.
ine
extendsto1.forefoot;secondappearsat
15grms.(cleaned)6.85grms.
orn.
endsbelowexergualline;secondobscures
225m.t\ Good.
nofno.5.
21m.t\ Somewhatworn.
onasnos.5 and6.
o5grms.(cleaned)6.95grms.
mages1.leg;secondlittlechanged.
15grms.(cleaned)6.65grms.
curesbothforelegs;secondextends
s
oogrms.(cleaned)7.11grms.
ossessionofMr. Gans.
diesasGrose,McCleanColl.2,5655,pi.2o3, 18.
e reversedieofSNGL,2,no. 1782,pi.33,whichisalso used
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nditionasno.9.
222m.t\ Verygood.
scuresforelegshigher;secondextendsinto
242m.tt Good.
tendsfartherbelowexergualline;second
bleon bodyjustabover.leg.Artist 1.
242m.tSomewhatworn.
onofno.12.
slightlylarger;secondatcenterback.
225m.t-> Somewhatworn.
ghtlyretouchedatforelegs;secondlittle
slightlylarger;secondextendsintofield.
225m.t\. Slightlyworn.
achesdewlap;secondreachesexergue.
hersandrearclawofr.foot different
245m.fN Slightlyworn.
magedslightlyatcow's1.hindfoot.
s indifferentposition.Artist1.
236m.t\ Slightlyworn,(broken)
eamostlyoff flan.
23m.tt Verygood.
obscure;secondatcow'sr.forefoot.
24m.t*> Verygood.
diesasBMCCent.Greece,1o1,7,pi. 18,6.
diesasBMCCent.Greece,1o1,6,pi. 18,5.
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5m>t tSomewhatworn.
ffflan;secondlittlelargerthan on18.
227m.t tSlightlyworn.
xtendstocalf'sr.forefoot;secondtoward
larger.
22m.t| Somewhatworn.
eachesexergualline;secondoffflan.
larger.
22m.tt Somewhatworn.
erguallineand legsofbothanimals;
85grms.(cleaned)6.7ogrms.
widensexerguallineovercalf'shoof;
feetandexergualline.
cesof restriking.)
25m.t -
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2,onexerguallinewhichis heavybutnotso
2.
flNtor.ofcock.
o24rn.tt Somewhatworn.
o242m.tt Good.
o232m.tt Slightlyworn.
o219m.tt Somewhatworn.
esasParis,Traite',17918o,no.153, pi.196,11.
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s
for narrowerexerguallineanddotted
TIQNtor.of cock.
245m.t jSomewhatworn.
238m.t |Somewhatworn.
outdottedcircularborder.
monogramA
23m.t |Worn,broken.
232m.t |Worn.
222m.t jVeryworn,broken.
22m.t -*Somewhatworn.
's legslonger.
23m.t -^-Somewhatworn.
23m.t ->Somewhatworn.
asBMCCent.Greece,1o2,13,pi.18, 11.
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ianstandard,norm:3.64-3.68grms.
lionskin.
ning1.Noclubvisible infieldbelow.
4m.t ->Veryworn.
ining1;in fieldbelow,club.
59m.t tWorn.
69m.t ^Worn.
6m.t tSomewhatworn.
58m.t ->Worn.
61m,t| Somewhatworn.
longer.
71grms.(cleaned)3.55grms.
argeranddetailsofmanedissimilar.
7m.t ->Worn.
8,pi. 18,7,isfromthe sameobversedie(A4), butthe
notherdiecoupling.
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sandeightdrachmasofCarystusrepresent
oard,andnearlyhalfthetotalnumberof
ossible,ofcourse,to drawfinalconclusions
epiecesdosuggesta moredefinitechrono-
o thefourthcenturycoinageofEuboea;
drachmas(nos.45-74)theyhelpto clarify
heisland.
ofaccountforthemoment,thefabric
tatersmakesit possibletoarriveata
em.HeadandBabelon40havealreadysug-
rvaloftimebetweenthemintingof the
c(nos.2-25) andtheothers;Headwasnot
hevarietywith thecompleteethnicbutno
ncethosewiththeshort ethnic,nos.2-25,
th thecompleteethnic,nos.26-29,
ompleteethnicandmonogram,nos.3o-36,
differencesofsize andweight,theformer
thefact thatonthefirst Groupthecowis
rthe flan.Curiouslyenough,astheflans
smaller.Belowarethe differencesinweight
angeofgreatest
cy.
222-5m-
4m-
o231m.
1o2;TraitS,177178and179182.
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morelikeoneanotherthanGroup I,their
eraged:6.9ogrms.AsGroupII andIII
ontrastedwiththe twenty-fourinGroupI,
ymorethanthatGroupI coinsareatonce
heothers.Theyare thickerandthereverse,
atleast deeplysaucer-shaped,indicating
hverylittle,ifany,largerthan thedie.The
hape isapparentonthecoins:the reverses
esalmostunworn,whiletheobversesare
1o, 11,17-19);intheotherGroups the
me onbothsides.Thediesin GroupIareall
refixedin theuprightposition;ofthe
vethedies reversedandnos.35-36have
gle.Atfirstglanceit wouldseemthenthat
dbechanged,sinceGroupII hasthenormal
thereis norealdifferencebetweenhaving
reverse,forthestresseson themare
th suchtypesasthese.Therealadvance
whereplacingthepunchdieata rightangle
elongaxesofthe diesareinthe same
distributionandequalizationofpressurein
helifeof thedies.Therefore,fromthepoint
bric,itappearsthat GroupIisthe earliest
dbetweenit andthetwosubsequent
cceededoneanotherclosely.
of thecoinsisthe resultoftheobserva-
eaks,eachofwhichisrecorded;theuse of
provedbythegrowthofthe breakson
howsonly thelowerbreak;nos.13and14
ell,in asufficientlyadvancedformtopre-
betweennos.12and13.Nos.2o and21,
howbothbreakslargerthan onanyofthe
wopunchdiesusedwithboth anvils(P5
bledamageandtheirpositioninthese-
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tofallthe otherdies,onthegrowthof breaks
sissueofCarystianstaterswas veryheavy
usedoveralongperiod.If thelatterwere
ablyexpecttofindgreatindividualvarietyin
nsfromthesamedies inthehoard.Possibly
ncesinwear,althoughthat isaminorcon-
s this.However,thereislittlevarietyin
ancan beattributedtoindividualartists
hetypeofthecockishomogeneousandin
hatofthelater staters.InthecaseofP 2,
vefromtwoto fivecoinsfromthesamedie.
clude,therefore,that,whatevertheocca-
entofthisissue,ademandfor largenumbers
metbysuchcoinsasthese inthehoard.In
,eachofwhichhasboth punchandanvil
eothers(cf.note36)we mayinferthat
afterthefirstdemandforcurrencywas
omthehoardisconfirmedbysuch published
ome;thereare onlytwocoins,those
mthedies ofno.24andnone,so farasIhave
omthedies ofno.25.
nomaly,orperhapstendto refutea
eunchallenged.Thepunchdie,becauseof
tlyuponit,is presumedtohavewornout
rewehaveten punchdies,withonlyone
ar,usedwithtwoanvildies,both ofwhich
rearliestuse inthehoard(nos.2. and16)
withthechangingpunchdies.Thei ncrease
alogue.Thereasonforsuchastateof affairs
blybesetdowntolocalpatriotism.The
ascustomaryinEuboea,pointedless
dthe cockonthereverse.Thelateruseof
enanadditionalmonogramonthe reverse
ns,21andMilne,Greekand RomanCoins,46.
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to thepeopleofCarystusthereversetype
ortheobversethen,as longastheyhadthe
sofno concern,butthecockhadto bein
shavebeengivenforthenameCarystus,42
houghtofthecockKapu,the heraldofthe
.43It wastheirsymbolandirapAarmov,
KnpOcroxoorKotpuaucowasoftenusedofthe
ystustherewasa cultofHermesKflpuf.
econnectiononomatopoetically.44Itisnot
ersetype forCarystianstatersisacock,
edas earlyastheendof thesixthcentury.
ockisa goodbarnyarddenizen;onthefourth
mesof pedigreedstock.Thosecoinswith
ump,lusty,spiritedbird,poisedtocrow,a
ntingtype.Thestaterswiththecomplete
bird,but heisslimand sleek,emulating
tersdatedafter323B.c, intheerectnessof
legancemuchofthevigor andbelligerency
hefirstGroup ofstaters,itis possible
fourartists.46Thefirst artist,whoisnotthe
.Beitr.,23,226; K
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esusedonly withA1(P 1,no.2;P2, nos.3
ieusedwith bothanvils(P8,nos,15, 22,
withA2 (P9,no.16).Thesefive dieshave
atitis difficulttodistinguishthem:possibly
tthelettersK andAseemtobe slightly
omP 2chieflyintheangle ofthereartalon
nonno.15;P 9isdifferentiatedfromP3
eAandthe spacingoftheKandA. Artist1
kman,sincehemadehalfthe extantdies.
yonedie appearinginthehoard;it isP7
herethecockhasunusuallylongwattles.
chisdamaged;bymeansofit theorderof
endetermined.Thethirdartistis themost
ies whichareusedwithbothanvilsare
m,possiblytwoothers.P5 (nos.1o,17,18),
9) haveacockwithshortwattlesand
naggressiveposewhichis enhancedby
eofhisfeathers.Theeffectseemstohave
of thedrillonlyslightlymasked.Healso
eletters,connectingthedots(depressions
heKoften appearsasK,nota rareform
Artist3on theCarystianpieces.Hemay
P4(no.9) andofSNGL,III,1782;these
drill,buttheposeof thebirdis different:
m thetipofthe tail,alongthebackandup
dP1o havenocurvebetweenneckand
gle betweenbackandtail.Itis hardtotell
cteristicofoneartistor whetherthesame
is bird.Atleasttheyarecloselyrelated;
rofP 4hasbeencalledArtist4. Themaker
buttheonly specimenfromthisdieinthe
w thearrangementofthetailfeathers
ere.Itis inhisratherpedestrianstyle.No.
n thereverse;itispossible thatthedieis
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ers,buttheconditionofthe coindoesnot
Sincetheanvildie isunique,itis probable
onsidereda newone.
vidualityof thepunches.Itispossible
rstthree:A1and A2particularlyare
oportions,whileA 3differsbutslightly.
tyle andmoreliketheobversesofstaters
parentindifferenceoftheCarystianstothe
he typeisofconsiderableinterest.Through-
maintypeswerealwaysbovine,obviously
swiththecowscratchingherself,thebull
clining,the filletedbull'shead,allare
andoffair cattle.Carystus,attheendof
ofthefifthcentury,useda variantformand
rthcenturyonthestaters.It istheold
nIII;48 Gardner49saysofit,"Thetypesof
gacalf,seemto refertotheearlysettle-
a)fromEuboea,thatbeingthe ordinary
ingtothe worshipoftheMother-Goddess."
ereare,however,doubtswhetherthisstory
historic."Chronologicallyitisdifficultto
ra,whichbearthis typeatleastasearly as
eyer,Euboia,io6ff.;Friedlander,ZfN8,1o.Bullscratch-
2, 2,pi.32,14;bull's head,BMCCent.Greece,pi.18,2,9;
7;cowsucklingcalf,BMCCent.Greece,pi.18,1,5,6,11,12;
2,3,pi. 196,1112;otherintheWeberColl. (no.3332),
15416,Ward,GreekCoins,pi.12,496,notfrom dieof
6asthere stated,butfromno.5,withshort ethnic(i.e.,no.
no.1782andmanyothers.
s,PalaceofMinos,1,511,fig.367;Seltman,GreekCoins,691
rela,224,229.Forthe cowandcalfasanAsiaMinor sym-
f.Curtius,AZ(1855)3ft.;thereliefoverthe dooronthewest
illustratedinLawrence,ClassicalSculpture,pi.29aand
ent.Greece,lv.Cf.theterracottaplaquefromOlynthus
nofmotiveinOlynthus,14,227228.
oinage1389.
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ntury50arederivedfromCarystiancoinsof
beginningofthe fifthcentury.Onthe
ly,ill-assortedcoinagesoftheThraco-
thcentury,81thetypeoccursintwo forms,
t,the otherwiththecowfacingright.The
hforms.Thenortherncoinsarevariously
surety,sincethemassofthatcoinagehas
tdeserves.However,thetwoversionsof
sedoncoinsof twodifferentweight
leftappearsoncoinswhichare Attic
onthestandardwhichdevelopedlaterinto
e,ofcourse,otherbovinetypesinthe north,
chspreadasfar asCorcyraonthewestand
kofexplorationandexcavationinthe
orantofthe earlycultureofthatarea,but
vebeenfound.52Itseemsquiteprobable,in
andthe factthatCarystusstruckcoinsof
ianstandardinthefourthcentury,thatthe
mMinoantimesinthe north;itwas
orcyrainthesixth centuryandsomewhat
thestatementofThucydides53thatthe
enicpeoplemaybetakentosuggestthat
the townofMinoanculture,orhemayhave
ointype.The existenceofaprimitivetemple
heMother-Goddessworshippedherefrom
yhernamewiththecomingof theOlymp-
peof thestatersisthe heavy,irregular,
bemeanttorepresentthe roughsurfaceof
sonthe Minoanplaquecitedinnote48 and
ns,7oandGrose,McCleanColl.2,pi. 189,nos.1518.
nMiinzenNord-Griechenlands,32,pi.26,nos.1215
onia,i,pi.11,nos.46o462.
raceandIllyria,134136.
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Minoanpaintings,andevenvases.This
exerguallineis clearonA1 andA2,but
his isonereasonfordoubtingthat one
irst twodies.Thestaterswiththecom-
y reduced,butitismissingfrom those
vivalintothe fourthcenturyinCarystus
f Thucydidesjustquoted,sinceitmore
ofMinoantraditionremainedthere.The
swiththistypeissuedelsewhere.Itsappear-
e canbenodoubtofi tssource.55
mas,nos.37-44,infabricandtechnique
rswiththeabbreviatedethnic.Theyare
eis almostscyphate.No.37ispossiblythe
yno greatintervaloftimefromthe others.
rsehasonly thefirstthreeletters KAPof
rsnottobe aclubbelowtherecumbent
pecimensmay,however,showthatitis
theothers.Thestyleofthe remainingseven
tslightlybetterthanthat ofno.37.Sixpunch
h fewdieslinks,althoughtheBritish
nnote39addsanother.The chiefsignificance
the hoardistoconfirmits domesticnature:
erthan thestatersandenteredthehoard
ontemporaneousandenteredthehoardin
theavailabilityofthestaters,and the
efamilyatthe time.
aclesontheobverse,therelegationof
he reverseandthecompleteabandonment
ureandSculptorsof theGreeks(195o)32,pointsout the
eekArt:thepebbleforthe beach,thefishforthesea,the
ow,etc.Thesecoinswitha heavyirregularexergualline
dow,byadifferentdevice,orperhapsthebarnyard.
BMCCent.Greece,lx,onthe styleoftheHeracleshead,is
d oncoinsoftheearly fifthcenturywiththosesimilartothe
ppreciableadvanceinstylewithinthe lattergroup.
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ouldhavesome significance.Possiblyin
asanincreasedinterestin thecultof
entionedinlateinscriptionswasreally be-
ptingtoseea connectionwiththenorthin
esonthedrachmasata timewhenthe
singthattypefortheobverseof theirstaters,
tifyit.Morereasonably,inviewofthe in-
ebesandBoeotiainthefirstthird ofthe
ssociatedwithBoeotiantypes.
eancoinshasbeen somethinglessthan
sgivenareconjecturalandtherearediscrep-
eitheratthetimeof thePeaceofAntalcidas,
ongressof Delphi,369B.c.(sic),thecities
stiaearesumedtheissueofciviccoins...
chmsonthesamestandard."Head,
atesthosestaterswiththeshortethnicca.
sewith themonogram(GroupIII)ca.
fAntalcidashadguaranteedautonomyto
e amountwhichresultedtherefromis
otuntilthe CongressatDelphiin368was
m.Thefirsthalfofthe fourthcenturysawa
partofthe timeEuboeawastheallyof
couldnothavefeltparticularlyloyal,after
eivedatthe handsofAthensduringthe
eawasinalliancewith bothThebesand
allytowardtheformer.59Athenshadhad
ChalcidicLeague,culminatinginthe
5 ;60theserelationswereseriouslydisturbed
oinage,366.
tius,Hist,grecq.5,255. Fortheclosesimilarityoffabric
cesandthoseofThebesissuedafter378, cf.BMCCent.
withthehoard coins.
143;IGII236; West,HistoryoftheChalcidicLeague,1o8,
/4forthe dateofthisdecree.
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swithMacedoniain371-37o.61From368-
gain Amphipolis,acourseofactionwhich
theLeague.Weknownothingofeffortson
eaguetoenlistsouthernsupportagainst
friendlywithThebes.In371 occurredthe
chuntil358Euboeawasa dependencyof
tis clearthattheCarystiandrachmasin
ofGroupIare contemporaneouswitheach
anthe drachmasofChalcis,Histiaeaand
chasarein thehoard,allofwhichfrom
datedafter 368.62Thereforeitisprobable
ngthesecoinssometimebetweenthe
ebattleofLeuctra.Priorto 387the
otguaranteed;after371it isdoubtfulthat
ntostrikecoinson anyotherstandardthan
ailedinBoeotia.Possibly379to377may be
dateofthe commencementoftheissue.The
heAthenianAmphictyonyatDelosCarys-
tonloans duringtheperiodfrom377-373
uedas evidencethatthecityneededhelp
sue ofcoinage.Theveryheavyfirstissue,
rsediesand thepluralityofreverses,shows
enumbersofcoins.The standarditself
ecoinsisalso anindicationthatthetimeof
shortlyafter379.
hesecoinswere struckGardner,inthe
as theterm'reducedAttic';Babelon63implies
4isindoubt whetheritisa degradationofthe
labandonmentandtheadoptionof the
ip ofMacedon."Theweightnormsas
,157;IG,II2,1o2.
v,xviixviii,forthetimeofthe CongressatDelphiasthe
ceoftheSyracusancoinswasmostlikelytohave been
MCCent.Greece,lxi.
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3.8ogrms.forthe drachma;theMace-
heChalcidicLeaguesinceitsinception
Macedonafter359,is7.29-7.36grms.for
anstater)and3.64-3.68grms.forthe
spondencebetweentheseweightsandthose
superfluousto callthestandardofthe
Euboean,coins'reducedAttic.'85Thefourth
nystandardsbesidethe Attic,possiblyina
e Atheniancurrencydecreeofthefifth
copyat Aphytisandstilldate438-423
usedthroughoutcentralGreece;thePersian
cedoniankingsbeforePhilip;Damastion67
nastandardwhichisat presentnameless;
wayintheAegean:allthesein additionto
edonian,which,by359,wasinfluential
ochangetoit fromthePersianwhenhe
oins.
nCoins,81,speaksofthe reductionofstandardsbecauseof
dsilver,wearplus mintingcostsbringingabouttheissue
theoriginalnormofthe silveracquired.Thisseemsun-
ecoinisusedonlyas local,andthereforetoken,currency,
ecoindetermineditspopularity;itis questionablewhether
haveafacevalueaboveitsintrinsicvalue,exceptat a
seof theEuboeancoins,wehavethetetradrachmsonthe
yinthe fourthcentury;theseshowweightsnolowerthan
drachms.Wedonotknowthe sourceofEuboeansilver;
fromAttica,asthe nearestplace.Ifso,itcouldhave come
onasin theformofstruckcoins.TheEuboeantetradrachms
medrachmas,whichalsohavenormalweightsforAttic
probablethatthere wasachangeofstandardinEuboea
east,and about368fortheEuboeanConfederationcoins
cisandHistiaeaas well,fromtheAttictotheMacedonian.
Tod,GreekHistoricalInscriptions,no.67;JHS6g(ig49)io5.
mastion(1939)v,I2ff.,15,32,99.
ilipchosethatstandardto makeitfitwiththe Attic
sstruckseemsweak;itis morelikelythathesawthe
tandards,inthetwo metals,andchosetheAtticforhis
mercialandeconomicreasonsbeenledto adopttheMace-
er.
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alcidicmintincreaseditsproductionof
eyearsimmediatelyfollowing,69afterits
eit necessaryfortheLeaguetosecurefrom
sandothermaterialsfornormallife.The
e,BoeotiaandEuboea,wouldbethemost
ofthethings theChalcidicLeagueneeded.
oeotianeverabandonedtheAeginetan
arystus,andtheothercitiesofEuboeaas
doftheChalcidicLeague:inthe caseof
onafter379.Theproductionofthe League
376,underAsclepiodorus,seemstohave
chms(cf.note69),acomparativelyshort
coinsfor foreigntrade,i.e.thelarger
ntnecessity.TheEuboeancities,Carystus
andEretria,providedthesmall change,in
truckdidrachmsaswell.Thisdenomination
gue,butlocal conditionsprobablymadeits
uscircumstancethatnocoinoftheLeague,
nthehoardis notatellingargument
cedonianstandardinEuboea;nocoinof
oeotia,allof whicharenearerCarystus
dice,enteredthehoardeither,sothear-
outforce.
is,HistiaeaandtheEuboeandrachmas
er368 (seebelow)andcontinued,atleast
themiddleofthethird century,70itis
he earlierofthethirtyEuboeandrachmas
coinageceasedat Carystusnotlongafter
eandrachmasis laterthanthatofthe
hedrachmasandGroupIstatersboth are
alcidicMint,157.
hestylisticdevelopment.Mostauthoritiesgivethedate265,
aterus,ruledEuboea,asmarkingtheendof Euboean
amininus,197.Thatcoinageis beyondtheboundsofthis
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alcidicmintincreaseditsproductionof
eyearsimmediatelyfollowing,69afterits
eit necessaryfortheLeaguetosecurefrom
sandothermaterialsfornormallife.The
e,BoeotiaandEuboea,wouldbethemost
ofthethings theChalcidicLeagueneeded.
oeotianeverabandonedtheAeginetan
arystus,andtheothercitiesofEuboeaas
doftheChalcidicLeague:inthe caseof
onafter379.Theproductionofthe League
376,underAsclepiodorus,seemstohave
chms(cf.note69),acomparativelyshort
coinsfor foreigntrade,i.e.thelarger
ntnecessity.TheEuboeancities,Carystus
andEretria,providedthesmall change,in
truckdidrachmsaswell.Thisdenomination
gue,butlocal conditionsprobablymadeits
uscircumstancethatnocoinoftheLeague,
nthehoardis notatellingargument
cedonianstandardinEuboea;nocoinof
oeotia,allof whicharenearerCarystus
dice,enteredthehoardeither,sothear-
outforce.
is,HistiaeaandtheEuboeandrachmas
er368 (seebelow)andcontinued,atleast
themiddleofthethird century,70itis
he earlierofthethirtyEuboeandrachmas
coinageceasedat Carystusnotlongafter
eandrachmasis laterthanthatofthe
hedrachmasandGroupIstatersboth are
alcidicMint,157.
hestylisticdevelopment.Mostauthoritiesgivethedate265,
aterus,ruledEuboea,asmarkingtheendof Euboean
amininus,197.Thatcoinageis beyondtheboundsofthis
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ediesnotfixed.Thereareno Carystian
e Euboean,untilthelatterpartof the
salreadybeen datedaslateas313 and
yGroup IIisas late.Ishouldpreferto
e eaglesontheEleanstatersmostclosely
cksonthosepiecesaredatedaboutthat
suchasthistends tobecomposedmainlyof
enomination;thereasonfortheinter-
sunknown,unlessitlies inthefactthat
sbut Carystuswereindependent.72No
wouldsavecoinsfromacityahundred-or-
townwereissuingcoins.TheEuboean
roups,whicharediscussedbelow;notall of
ofGroupsII andIII.However,from368
oseofHistiaeauntil34o,andthose of
ycoins struckinEuboea,althoughthe
edlycontinuedtocirculate,untilCarystus
ast quarterofthefourthcentury.Such
e tosaveduringthattimewouldbe these
hicharequitewell-preservedshowingsigns
nteringthehoard,andthe moreworn
nos.8,21,22, and25.Itis notimpossible
chms(nos.75-8o)alsoenteredthehoardat
ornconditionandtheirlackof definite
haveenteredthe hoardatalmostanytime
ment.
oardistherelationof theCarystianand
other,andthematterof theirdates.Ashas
eevidenceofwearis contradictorytothe
yleandtechniqueinthecaseofthe Carystian
oinsofOlympia,pi.6,the reversesusedwithCB,CD,and
bverses363343,whichseemstooearly;Babelonismore
323 3oo.
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low,theevidenceofwearinthecaseof the
wisecontradictorytothefabric,styleand
rachmasthemselves,butofthe coinsof
rthandthird centuryGreekcoinsasoffer
efore,sincewearinthishoardis abroken
reliancehasbeenplacedonit indetermining
theEuboeandrachmas.
bablyEretria
nianstandard,norm:3.64-3.68grms.
erypoorstyle.
,in verypoorstyle.73
s.o.o15m.t Somewhatworn.
thearringsand fillettiedatneck,withends
.
s headr.;inr. field,lyre.
81grms.(cleaned)3.65grms.
orn.
soffillettied inbowandlips parted.
161m.tt Somewhatworn.
158m.tt Somewhatworn.
165m.tt Somewhatworn.
turycoinwiththesetypes,cf.BMCCent.Greece,94,3,
tic standard).
tion,notfromthis hoard,twodrachmasfromthesame
ehasanobversediewhichdoesnot occurinthehoard;the
e ofnos.47and48. Theseprovideanadditionallinkinthe
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161m.tt Verygood.
158m.tt Good.
endstuckedunder.
153m.tt Somewhatworn,broken.
simplecoiffureboundby fillet,and
s headr;inr. field,Silenmask.
178m.tt Somewhatworn.
169m.tt Somewhatworn.
hair curvedsoftlybackfromface,lowon
llet,afewloosecurlsescaping.
s headwithhairyears,r;in r.field,
17m.tt Slightlyworn.
161m.tt Somewhatworn.
uchfiner.
17m.tt Fine.
3,pi.17,7,is fromthesamereversedie(P 6),buttheobverse,
samehandasA6, isnotthesamedie. SNGL,3,pi.33,
ysimilarreversedie (thedescriptionerroneouslycallsthe
nsteadof aSilenmask),buttheobverse,a fourthanvildie,
e others(A5,A6 ortheLondondie).TheParis coin,Traite,
8,4, isfromstillanotherpair ofdies.
Naville,17(1934)44.
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169m.ttSomewhatworn.
s earsnothairyandhandleof cantha-
165m.tt Somewhatworn.
harusnearerear.
165m.ttVerygood.
169m.tt Slightlyworn,broken.
ublechin.
moremelancholy.
.o17m.tt Somewhatworn.
.o16m.tt Worn.
.o16m.tt Somewhatworn.
hair simplywavedbackfromfacetolow
s headr;inr. field,bunchofgrapes.
.o165m.tt Worn.
yle of65.
s headr;nosymbol.
.o17m.tt Somewhatworn.
ss,2o2 (193o)2463.
WeberColl.3392.
sch,14 (19o5)369.
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.o172m.tt Worn.
ter muzzle.
.o18m.tt Worn.
.o162m.tt Worn.
leheavyandhairveryplain;necklace.
.o161m.tt Somewhatworn.
.o158m.tt Somewhatworn.
verypoorstyle:profileweakandhairin
s headr;inr. field,dolphinswimming.
.o17m.tt Somewhatworn.
almostcompletelyoffflan.
.o164m.tt Worn.
lecoarser.
.o17m.tt Somewhatworn.
BMCCent.Greece,95,8,pi.17,6,of whichHeadremarks
alaterstyle thanthatofno.7, acoinnotrepresentedinthe
also,McCleanColl.,2,57o5,pi.2o5,7;in thisspecimenthe
gedatthebull'srighteye asontheothers.
Boston,95.133.
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l
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derationresumeditsfederalissuewhich
fore:allthesecoinageswereonthe Mace-
rystushadintroducedintoEuboeaca.379.
of citiesofcentralGreeceandthePelopon-
orresumedanissueof coinsatthistime(cf.
hasalreadybeenmade,passim,byall
tionoftheSyracusantetradrachmsinthe
ariouscitiesof Greecewhichstartedor
forethemiddle ofthefourthcentury.
.imitationsofSyracusancoinsaretobe
bythepoliticalinfluenceundoubtedly
howaspresentattheCongress)in Central
bleinfluxofSyracusanmoneyatthis period,
cenarytroopssentintothe countryby
Lacedaemonianallies."Maynotaesthetic
vaenetushavehadan influence,apart
ons?Seltman,GreekCoins,pl.XXIV,3,
cadrachmsignedbyEvaenetusfromwhich
erecopied;pl.XLIV,4-7,showthe
gindatefromca.38otoca. 35o.Nodie
hesecoinsandit isimprobablethat
seemstobe inafashionpeculiartothe
riginatedby Evaenetus.Seltman,p1.
adrachms,datingfrom474-413,showing
tofwhichcanbe paralleledfromvasesand
-12,signedSosion,Euth.andPhrygillus,
antsofanewmode,wherethehair is
,thencoiledsoftlyover aconfiningband,
cedontheheadbefore thehairwasdrawn
of no.1inthis catalogue.)Thismode
th Italiantownsinthelast thirdofthe
GreekCoins,pl.XXI,4(Terina,ca.425),7
.
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(Cumae,ca.43o).No.5.on thesameplate,
sclearlyhow Evaenetustookthesimple
edtherathersevereoutlinewithaprofusion
eSyracusanpieces,theaddedgrainwreath
ity.Itis thisstylewhichwascopiedfarand
h suchaheadmayhavereachedGreece
sthevariouscitieswerenot freetostrike
ortlybefore,itmustbeconcludedthatthose
tationofthisstyle aretobedated368 and
hestyleismodified,thegrain wreathisoften
merelywith afillet,ornot atall.There-
acesreflecttherelativeskill ofthecopy-
ediecutterswereamongthe most
someoftheothercitieslistedin note83,the
sssuccessfulthanthemodel.
optionof thistypewasundoubtedly
doptedit,one canseethecourseofevents
tion.Priorto387,thatorganizationstruck,
ngotherdenominations,drachmashaving
mphwithherhair rolledupina fashionnot
san,towhichno.1 inthehoardis related,
thelettersEY above.84Afterthatcoinage
swereontheMacedonianstandard,but
onneseandCentralGreece,manyofwhichhadhadlittleor
urthcenturyandthushadnotraditionaltypes toemploy,
dtheSyracusantypefor alocaldivinityornymph.The
whosesmallcoinsshowa headveryliketheearlierEuboean
aite,pi.2o6,19,21)Thespiae,Messene,Pheneus,tosay
es,ChalcisandHistiaea,areillustratedin allcollections;
tes,passim,givesexamplesofmostofthemexceptthe
lreferencetofourthcenturyissues ofthatisland.The
stedbyitsappearanceonthecoinsof ApterainCrete,Sinope
cus,DicaeainMacedonia(bronze),Carthage,Massiliaand
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.Thechangefromtheearlierstyle tothe
aidof aforeignartist,ascan beseenfrom
coin,no.45, withtheB.M.C.Cent.Greece
XVII,5. No45isa uniquespecimenina
crude85:itcannotbeearly becauseits
sthatitis ontheMacedonianstandard.It
mph'sheadiscoarse,withheavyprofile and
dtobesurea femaleheadisintended.The
ed,poorlyexecuted,istotheleft andthe
reisno possibilitythatthisis aforgery:it
havepassedcurrentasan ancientforgery;
t wascoveredwiththesameheavypurplish
oinsin thehoardanditstype wasnot
aning.Itdoesnothavefixeddieslike the
eflatnessofthereversearguesagainstits
ystiandrachmas,whosecup-shapedreverses
tmustbe concludedthatthisistheonly86
ypeissuedbythe Euboeans,about368,
nsafteralapse ofsometwentyyears.The
eenoutofworkforsome time;desuetude
ecutionofthehairand featuresonthe
tereversalofthe typeonthereverse,with
alternately,apersonwithno experiencein
theearlier type,wouldbelikelytoachieve
edinno.45.Dissatisfactionwiththis
employtheservicesofaminor"master,"
boveis inthebeststyle(cf. note85).The
ndextremelysagaciousremarksofC.H.V.Sutherland
illustratethedangersofrelyingsolelyon styleanddis-
resasfabricandtechniquein datingcoins.Thehoard
ellentexampleofacoin inverypoorstyle,thework ofan
hichmustbedatedconsiderablylaterthan itsappearance
buttressedbytheopinionofProf.WilliamWallace,whois
ncoinage;heknowsofno otherlikeit.
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Syracusanheadashismodel,evento the
treatmentofthehairis simplerandneater
tianLocrisandthatofthefeaturesand
thewasnomere copyistisclear(a)from
avishlyboundtoretainthe orientationof
theearlierEuboeancoinshadbeenturned
issimplificationofthe hair,whichisfar
ize oftheflanthana moreelaborate
been.
hemademore thantheoneobversedie,
nseemstobetheonly onepublished.He
or thesamecoin,wherethebull'shead is
heartist'sindividualityappearsinhis
ofthe bull'shide,bymeansofa delicateuse
tionoftexture,sofarasI know,doesnot
herethebull, orhisheador protome,isthe
oachtoitis oncoinsofPhocis:SNGL,III,
tman,GreekCoins,pl.XXXIV,no.4.
r357,whenthe Phociansgainedpossession
theoccurrenceofthe lyreassymbolon
rse,tobe connectedwiththatseizure.The
ntheEuboeancoins,withhismuzzlelifted
altartowhichhe isbeingled,hasa pedigree
he cocksontheCarystianstaters.
ablished,wasinterpretedthereafterby
ustdiscussed,withoutanysymbol,pro-
hortly after368;possiblylittlemorethan
e"lyre"drachmasmaybepresumedto
6.Theheadsareina styleinferiortothatof
us,recentlystudiedbyDesneux,"LesTetradrachmes
eNum.,95(1949);Sybaris,SirisandPyxus(Seltman,Greek
m(Noe,TheThurianDi-Staters,Num.NotesandMonographs
yna(Seltman,pi.36,13 and38,14);Byzantium
tosaynothingofthe otherEuboeancoins.
mannerofarrangingthehair.
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gis differentandthenecklacehasbeen
eensimplifiedandregularizedtoa point
rils areallowedtoescapefromthesleek
89Probablytheanvildiesofnos. 46-51were
orthereare onlyminordifferences.Thedie
larlyinthetreatmentofthe eyeandprofile;
eenplacedfirst intheseries,asbeing closer
isnotlinkedtothe rest,ithasbeenput at
betweenno.46andthefollowingcoinsis
ncollection,unpublished,Ihavetwo
edie(P1), oneofwhichhasA2 forthe
an anvilwhichdoesnotoccurinthe hoard.
ofthese coinsfarenobetterina comparison
heobverse:the bullisfilleted,ason that
d,wearycreature,withloweredmuzzle.
thehoard,(4anviland4 punchdies,a
hecoininmycollectionmentionedabove)it
nethelengthoftimeduringwhichthe lyre
Onothergrounds itispossibleto suggestthat
ticalsignificance,wentoutofuseshortly
pII tothethroneofMacedon,sincein 357
theAthenianConfederacy,sendingdepu-
alcisandEretriabeingseparatelyas-
eswerestrikingcoinsindependentlyof
ration,towhichapparentlyCarystusbe-
theLocrianOpuntianhemidrachmsareverysimilar:cf.
16andSNGL3,pi. 32,169717o1,17o3,asaresome
leanColl.2,pi.2o4, 2andSNGL3,pi. 33,1787,1788and
oll.2,pi.2o5,18,19 andSNGL3,pi.33,1796.
ownto Head,eitherintheBMCCent.Greeceor inthe
nthesecondeditionin1911, nortoBabeloninthe Traite,
msmethathehas 29specimens,althoughtheonlypublished
openhagenSNG,484,theUniversityofColoradoCat.of
o.93andWeber3393,whichin thetextisdescribedas
nowntoMadameVarouchain1941.Cf.Epitymbion
1941)"PtolemaicCoinsinGreece,"672.
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eircoinageneitherceasednorchangedtothe
ceoftheChalcidicLeagueincausingthe
ndardinEuboeahas alreadybeenmentioned
rystianstaters;thatthecitiesofEuboea
scontinuedimportance.Between368and
ens,whichhadconcludedatreatywith
1-37o,wasmakingaseriesof attemptsto
seofactionwhichcouldonlyfurther
tseemsquiteprobablethatthe tinycon-
rstseries attestsanevencloserconnection
eagueduringtheperiodbetween367/6and
or theperiodaboutadecadeearlier(i.e.
stuswasthefirstEuboeancityto usethe
edrachmaofChalciswiththecountermark
+N,first discussedbyBabelon92and
p.185-6,underno.161, whichhehas
ountermarkedbythecityofIchnaeabout
entury,servesasanindicationthatthelyre
-typewithonlya religioussignificance.
OlynthusandPella,wasapartofthe
searlyas 383B.C.,forCleigenes,amember
thusandApolloniatotheLacedaemonians,
a93thatOlynthuswastheninpossessionof
Fromthiscountermarkonthedrachmaof
edwithOlynthus,wecanconcludethatthe
masindicatesarapportbetweentheisland
usionbyaconsiderationofthe fabricofthetwoseries:the
eplyroundedonthereverseandthe dieswerenotfixed;the
mostflatandthedies arefixedwithsuchprecisionthaton
torbackoftheneckmarksthe lineoftheaxis.The His-
sresembletheEuboeandrachmasinfabric.Itwouldbe
glecoinofChalcisinthis hoard,sincebothChalcisand
yequidistantfromCarystus,iftherewerenopolitical
ouse thecoinsfromEretriainsteadofChalcis.
88IT.;Melangesnumismatiques,4thseries,pp.147154.
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me,whateverthenationalityofthepeople,
dof sympathywiththepeopleofthe
onisbestdatedbetween368 and357,the
eLeaguewerenotworkingtowardthe
citiesof Euboeajoinedthemid-century
ngSilenmaskassymbol,arethe only
hegroupwhichsucceededtothosewiththe
nisfromthereversedie (P6)ofno. 54,but
LockettandPariscoins(see note75)adda
versetothe dieswithwhichIam ac-
ssibletosuggestthat coinswiththeSilen
naboutthesamenumbersas thosewith
eenabletofindfour reverseandfiveobverse
umbers,atleast overacomparablelength
twohoardspecimensistheimmediate
52. Shehasevenplainerearrings,her fillet
theneckandher hairisrathermoresimply
"Western"style.94Theheadisforthefirst
tionwhichpersiststhroughthesubsequent
nsofHistiaea thechangeisnevermade.
eonnos.46-52.
uponaserieswhichended in357,and
357and35o wascharacterizedbyaclose
islogical,grantingapolitical significance
meaningconnectedwithAthensfortheuse
emerarityof aSilenmask,evenasa type,
imselfoccursonthecoinsofvariouscities,95
ofthe copiesoftheSyracusanheadsisseenon thecoinsofthe
ormore thanabriefperiod.Chalcisin particular,reaches
heheadsonsuchcoinsas McCleanColl.II,pi.2o4,47.
omthe Thraco-Macedonianarea,someattributableto
unassigned,withnymphandsatyr;the satyrontheassat
Naxos.Thasos,before35o,strucksmallcoinswith a
ellasa satyrholdingacantharus(McCleanColl.II,pi.152,
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nforitsuse atthistime.Ratherhesitantly
nthat wehavehereareferencetothe
fth centurythiswastheseasonatwhich
obablycontinuedtobetheappointedtime
ntheEuboeancities,voluntarilyrather
erepayingtributetoAthens.Whilethe
thecoins,andtheparallelsciteddo not
ebaldelderlysatyr isalwaysSilenus.Miss
mTheaterwesenimAltertum,pp.9o-91,
nthe fourthcenturywasperformed,not
es,butquiteseparatelyatthe beginningof
terDionysia.AsPapposilenuswasthe
seemsatleastaworkablehypothesisthat
s tothetimeof thecollectionofthetribute,
heSatyr-playmakingthechoiceofthat
e areadilyrecognizableallusion.Since
ependenceofallofEuboeaexceptCarystus
avebeen abandonedatthattime,ifit had
henAthenswas betrayedbyPlutarchat
hebattle ofChaironeia,sawasuccession
cities,withfactionalstrifebetweenpro-
enianparties.Thesomewhatlaterstyleof
achmasleadstotheconclusionthatthere
determinatenumberofyears between
reofthenymphisno longerinthe"Wes-
chreflectsthesculptureofthelatterhalf of
chcontinuesintotheHellenisticperiod.It
dthatthecoiffuremadepopularbyEvae-
vasesorsculptureinthefifth century.The
robablyundertheRomans,comesabronzewithafinesatyr
nMiimenNord-Griechenlands,III2,p.8,6,pi.Ill, 12;for
oin,seetheBerlinBeschreibung,II,pi.1,1o.
12S.;CAH6,231232.
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riety,rangingfromloose-tressedMaenads
anneroffillet,ampyx,sphendoneor
essedmoresimply.Starting,somewhat
anAthena,97onefindsthehairdrawndown
ith afillet;thehairof theAmazonswas
roma centerpart;theTermeNiobid'shair
adfillethighonthe head.Amodificationof
ntinthebatteredheadsofthe Phigaleia
erinthecoiffureofEirene holdingtheinfant
urledbackfromthefacetoforma heavier
eofthefourthcentury,probablyunderthe
houghhemayonlyhaverefinedanexisting
din themiddle,wasdrawnawayfromthe
eingbroughtbackover thetipsofthe ears,
anAphroditeand Demeter,bothofwhich
.A furtherandlatermodificationresulted
rowframedby thehair,butin coilingthe
idesof theheadandtipsof theears.The
cophagusoftheMourningWomenfrom
h,tonamebuta few,showvariousforms
hairstyle ofthetwoCnidianstatues.
hosewiththecantharusas symbol,nos.
somebeautifulexamplesofthismode,which
vedevelopedeasilyfromthe"Western"style.
6haveonly slightlymodifiedthecoiffure
atthebacktoform achignon,whilecurl-
hter,TheSculptureandSculptorsoftheGreeks,furnishes
statues:LemnianAthena,fig.614;Amazons,(Mattei)
626and627,(Berlin)fig. 655;TermeNiobid,fig.196;Phigaleia
EireneandPloutos,fig. 659;CnidianAphrodite,figs.668
anDemeter,fig.315; AphroditeofAries,fig.685;Head
SarcophagusoftheMourningWomenfromSidon,fig.316;
ction,fig.2o7;MausoleumAmazon,fig.2o9;Bostonhead
eofAntioch,figs.753and754. Therearemanyothers.
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nsteadofdrawingitbackloosely.The
4,showindividualartists'treatmentofthe
eesofelaborationinthematterof vagrant
medeteriorationofqualityin nos.63and
thanonnos.46-54.No.65,98pl.5, isvery
hesucceedingcoins,nos.66-71,withno
dtritenessin thetreatmentofthehair.The
aveaddedanecklaceforthenymph's
omorebeautifulthereby.Thelast three
74,pl.5,showamarkeddegradationof
emerelyaseries ofregularlinesandthere is
es thatwasevidentontheother heads.In
heek,profileandchinis weakandflat,a
ahadalreadyremarked;sheconsideredita
edateof thecoinswiththedolphin
e ofcoiffurefromtheheadonthe Silen
cantharusseriesreflectsamodenotfar from
entury,thereisnothingtoimpelone toinfer
oeandrachmas.However,itisperhaps
hat confusedperiodbetween348andthe
yPhilipin 338therewassometimein which
ell100hasmadeitclearthat anissueof
uckbetween34oand338.These,onthe
thecloseassociationwithAthensin341-
otheHistiaeandrachmasontheMacedonian
vesthesameartistcut thedies.Now,the
istiaeacoins,althoughboundbya
wsachangefromthe"upsweep"ofthe
hthesame symbol,Traite,1978,no.181,pi.198,3,is not
owsthesamecoiffuredonebyabetter artist.
stiaea(Num.NotesandMonographsNo2).Therewerealso
sameseries.
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ternedwavesbackfromthebrow,which
ontheEuboeandrachmas.Cf.B.M.C.Cent.
d Newell,op.cit.(supra,note1oo),pi.I,1,
nos.57,6o,61) isinas fineastyleas that
stiaeanoctobolstobe.Whileall theheads
enceofA8,thecoiffure,eventothe detail
sthe same.Asitisnot safeto"pinpoint"
houtspecifichistoricaldata,andas there
knowledge,aboutthesamenumberofdies
for thelyreandSilen maskdrachmas,
datedfollowing34o,101afteraperiodduring
Euboeainterruptedtheregular emission
heisland byPhilipandtheinstallationof
of the'threefettersofGreece')havein the
thatallthe island'scoinageceasedatthat
beenestablishedthat neitherPhilipnor
e102andthat consequentlytheissueof
ythesmalldenominations,after338is
tthat Philipchosetointerfereaslittle as
ffairsof states.
tharus,whichisthesymbolonthese
oftheSilenmask.It appearsonthecoins
typeorsymbolatall periods103andseemsto
reorthe worshipofDionysus.ThatEuboea
dbytheuse ofbunchesofgrapesastype or
04thelocationofthetheateratEretria was
Demeteron thestatersstruckatDelphiin 336(cf.Raven,
p.5) thoughithasthehair hangingandpartiallyconcealed
ontemporarytreatmentofthehairabouttheface.
Hoards,II:Demanhur,19o5,(Num.NotesandMonographs
peanmints arelocatedinMacedoniaandthePeloponnese.
e oncoinsofNaxos,Mende,Melos,Cetriporis,Alopecon-
ra,Boeotia,Thebes,Thespiae,Andros,Aphytis;asasymbol:
Thasos,PhilipIIandAlexanderIII(mintof Amphipolis).
fthcenturyConfederation,Eretria,andHistiaea.
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onthatof aslightlyearliertemple,which
mpleofDionysus.105However,thecantharus
ulargroupofcoinsinsteadof generally,
rsignificance.Now,onthecoinsof Philip
phipolissubsequentto356,thereoccursa
sasymbolbelowthebodyofthehorse;the
exandercoinsfromthat mint.106Thereason
canfindnoreferencetooneof theindepen-
ncoinshavingthatsymbo1.Whythe
hatsymbolratherthanoneofthe many
anotherphenomenonforwhichI canoffer
uggestedthatabout 34oapro-Macedonian
omark,somewhatobscurelybecauseofthe
ncetoDionysus,hisloyaltytoPhilip.On
dbetimefor thecoiffureofthestatues
meknowntothediecuttersanda short
thertwoseries forthequalityofthe
orated.
thavebeenthe bunchofgrapes,repre-
nglespecimen,no.65.It ishardtotell,
eratherhardprofile andstereotypedhairon
nguishedbullon thereversearethepro-
theresultof alapseoftime.The rather
ndicatesitsdecreasingimportance,Ibelieve,
nasaresultof theambiguouscantharuson
atter'sconnectionwithDionysuswasso
solescenttheremoteMacedoniancon-
ng,say,335,whenpoliticaleventswerefar
28o;(1895)326346,foradescriptionofthe American
an,GreekCoins,2o2andpi.46,n; Gaebler,op.cxt.(supra,
exandercf.Newell,Demanhur,27,nos.247253,and6571.
s atypeoncoinsof Mende,Maroneia,Corcyra,Opus,Tanagra,
ol:Naxos(withcantharusastype)andMende.
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somnolent.Thebunchofgrapeswasa clear
hadnopoliticalmeaning.
ymbolfurtherreflectthelack ofinterest
teclearlyno politicaleventswereimpor-
don thecoins.Thediesarequite uninspired
otheearlier drachmaswithoutsymbol,
.The coiffureofthenymphshasalready
anthatonthecantharusdrachmas.A12,
dshowsclearlyhowthecoilsofhair atthe
bemoresharplydifferentiatedfromthehair
fromthechignon;the curiousthicklock
ementofthatonsuchahead asno.64.These
tofneatness;nota lockescapesfromits
whichis connectedbyitsreversewithno.
eartisthasdelineatedeye,cheekandpro-
s.7oand71showa markeddegradation,
eadsofthe lot.Thebullsareso nondescript
epictedata timewhenthe"landoffair
ofits bloodedstock:asorrierlotof animals
uringtheyearsfollowingthedeathof
dwasinturmoilandall partsofGreece
ylikelylivestockwasslaughteredinquan-
soldiers,andEuboeawasboundto suffer
sareto beassignedtothelast quarterof
yfollowingtheLamianWar.
ysupportfor thetheory108thattherewasa
onomousGreekcoinagefollowing338.
the Euboeandrachmasthatanycessation
between338and313,thedate ofthelibera-
nder.Inthecase oftheCarystianstaters,
reece,(1884)Introduction,passim;Traite(1914)1723,
inage,4267,forthegradualrealizationthatPhilip made
nomousGreekcoinage;Seltman,GreekCoins,doesnoteven
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pointtoan intervalbetweenGroupIand
ionofthemonogramisthe onlyessential
ttertwoGroups.ThelastGrouphad already
dfollowing313 byHead,whoapparently
assistancetoAthensintheLamianWar
ssueofcoins,andlater byBabelon(cf.note
upsI andIItothe periodbetween369and
nedtoplacethestatersof GroupII,as
fora numberofreasons:1.thefabricand
oupsisnearly thesameandquitedifferent
23,3o,34);2.the useofamonogram,al-
ierin thefourthcenturysporadically,is
nisticperiod;3.thepresenceoftheEuboean
Carystusarguesfor alackoflocalcoinage.
IIIseemto beconsiderablyrarerthan
a shorterperiodofproduction;suchan
ictedatanytimebythe appearanceof
tin313,theymayhave continueduntil265
dbyBabelon,butinviewof thecontentsof
easedattheend ofthefourthcentury.
hin,thesymbolonnos.72-74,with De-
eadybeensuggestedbyMadameVarouchain
o.Thegreatdifferenceinqualitybetweenthese
makesonehesitatetoconcludethatthey
m.Theirveryflatstyleandbanal treat-
stheextremelysketchydeliniationofthe
d centurywhenthecoinsofothercities
n.109Itis bettertoadmitalapse oftime
rddrachmasandtheothers, althoughthere
e dolphinsymbolwhosestyleandfabric
ap andmakeitpossibleto concludethat
a longerperiodoftimethanany ofthe
oinageofChalcisand Histiaea,tomentiononlythosenearest
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rcelydeservetobedatedbefore294,when
fMacedon,andprobablycametoanendin
softheEuboeandrachmaswouldremain
stberecognizedthatthereis thepossibility
olshavenopoliticalmeaning.Influencedby
eVarouchathatthedolphin,thelatestsym-
hesamething hasbeensoughtfortheothers.
ow,thereisno linkingobversediefrom
curiousfactinitself,sincenoneof the
,rathersupportsthe politicaltheoryofthe
eoccasionsforeachissue,ratherthana
mbolshonoringvariousdeities.However,
dolphin(whichofcoursecouldbe arefer-
unusualone),it ispossiblethatthe lyre,
bunchofgrapeswerepurelyreligiousin
loDaphnephorusatEretriawasof long
ofthelyreasthe firstsymbolafterthe
oublyhonorthegod, forhislocalimport-
theEuboeans,alongwithothers,gained
mple atDelphi.Theotherthreeare
stnamedbeingcommonlyused,notonly
boeabutgenerallythroughouttheancient
ereproudof theirwines,orhadanother
.110Theothertwoarenotsofrequent,but
cantharus,onissueswhereotherhonors
ppearmostfrequentlyinthe north,more
edonia,butthe cantharusatleastisfound
AstheworshipofDionysuswasintroduced
ernorthernuse ofDionysiactypesand
Giventhe Eretriantempleandtheaterof
ioussignificanceforthesymbols,thefact
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ourthcenturyatEretriacanbe takento
tionwiththenorthmadetheadoptionof
ostexclusivelyinthenortha simpleenough
tiongivesnoclueto thedatesofissueof
shasbeen stated,theirrelativechronology
enar.,partlyoffflan.
.field olivesprayandwaningmoon;in
.
ms.U2
ms.
nleftuncleanedtopreservethe incrustation,onthechance
oard mayappear.
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hms,thegrotesquefourthcenturytype
bverseandthecaricaturedowlonthe re-
rsto thehoard.Noattempthasbeenmade
thenegativeevidenceofdate inthatthey
pearedonthereverseofa fewratherrare
osewiththesymbolsareassignedto some
nWar,113whichleavestheremainderof the
fter394,forsuchtetradrachmsasthesein
circulatedinEuboeaafter357 (seeabove
tranceintothehoardmust beconsiderably
ornstate.It maybeconjecturedthatinthe
estgroupofCarystianstatersand thetwo
313) theseweretheonlylargecoinscirculat-
eyenteredthehoardduringthe latterpart
tur1es
r.
ockyprominence;in1.fieldF, in
men.
orn.
r.,in laterstylethan81.
oniccapital;in field1.andr.FA.
atworn.
dies unpublishedinSeltman,The
No.81isverylike hisCB(GroupG,Series
air atthenapeof theneckdoesnotend
eis unlikeanyofhis,not onlyinGroupG,
gonwhatlookslike aheapofrocks.The
GroupG,whichistheonly onewiththe
Gardner,op.cit.{supra,note27) 366;Traite,11912o;
o.
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nassignsthesetotheyears363-343,
ell114inclinestotheearlierdate.No.82
ionbetweenSeltman'sGroupGandhis
s,fortheobverseislikehis DA(pi.VII)
saremere linesandthehair atthenapeof
m thehead.Asomewhatsimilartreatment
pi.VII) andforeshadowedinGroupG,
reverseof no.82,withoutasymbol,has
estfortheeagle,whichappearsonlyin his
isnotthere.Thecoinis morewornthan
nceofthedate notbeingindicatedbythe
thishoard.HisGroupK datesfrom273-
no.82 thereforeshouldbedatednearthe
r thebeginningofthethird. Theeagleson
stylewhichtheCarystiancocksofGroup
oinsmayrecordatripto Olympiaby
y,ortheymayhave reachedEuboeathrough
circulateeasily,sinceBoeotiausedthe
safter318.115
sr.,in lion'sskin.
ted1.,holdingscepter,r.footdrawn
APOY;in1.field,caduceus.
atworn.
ardsIV.Olympia,(Num.NotesandMonographsNo.39)13.
otlistedbyNewell,andby thepositionofZeus'rightleg
e,its attributiontoAmphipolisseemscertain,sincethe
mbolofthatmint. Cf.Newell,Reattribution,pi.2(XII1o)
son,"AnAlexanderHoardofMegalopolis,"ANSMus.
d2o,no.21, pi.3.
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16
bolinfield;below chairWinwreath.
ldr*P
ightlyworn.
118
tedL,onbacklesschair,holdingscepter,
.
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egofZeusdrawnback;inr. fieldtraces
airA
ld,lyre;belowchairB
worn.
shavebeencataloguedfirst,theearliest
ythedrachma,no.87;itis theonlyone
epositionof Zeus.Theclippingofno.85
eedgeissmoothandnot raggedasisthe
semetalhadcrystalizedandchippedoffin
suchacoinin thehoardissurprising.The
oinsinthe hoard,whichhasnocoinsof
ce.Ifonly thetetradrachmswerepresent,
all coinsissuedlocallywerestillcirculating
e purposesofsavingsthetetradrachms
Elis) wereputaway.Thethreedrachmas,
dtheendofthe fourthandduringthefirst
mallcoinsofAlexanderweresupplementing,
.Thismay betakenasapartial explana-
atestseriesof Euboeandrachmas,those
containsonlythree specimens.Evidently
andgiving waytothenew,asindividual
allerintheperspectiveofthegreatnew
Macedonia,2,pi.24,882,whereasimilarcoin isassigned
8.
Macedonia,2,pi.25,864,whereasimilarcoin isassignedto
ourthorthirdcentury.Newelldoesnotlist thesymbol(lyre).
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28
6122
filleted.
mphalos,holdingbowandarrow;in
ce-torch;infieldr.,B]AllAEfil
gramandeagle.
.
yAntiochusHieraxduringordirectly
henhewasin possessionofpartofAsia
ucusII.Newell123whoknewthe obversedie
anartistwhoworkedlaterat Lampsacus
eversedies atbothplaceswhichhavethe
enepieceshavetheforepartofPegasusbelow
m Abydushaveamonogramandaneagle
xergueis defaced,enoughremainstoshow
gramandsymbolbelow;thearea below
otisunmarredand toosmalltohavecon-
me.Theobversediediffersfromone usedat
etails;indeed,Newellhimselfsaysthatthe
3-4 and1557-8arealmostindistinguish-
ementofthehairabovethefillet marksthis
nofno.1558. HedatestheAbydusissue
mpsacene,saying(p.331)"Doubtlessin
anattackontheChersonneseandpari-
eucidminttherewasmergedwiththat of
241andlaterasdatesfor theAbyduscoins
cus.Sincethe'WaroftheBrothers'124
ucidMints,327,no.1558a5;pi.71,12 and72,1(obverse
sedie of8).Thehoardcoinis fromtheobversedieof5;
tfromandbetterthananyof thethree.
ucidMints,32933o.
ucidMints,331 2.
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husHieraxfled,presumablytoThrace
oinwasstruckbetween241andand236and
asburiedabout23o b.C.
ntfactthattheearliestand thelatest
leastsignsofwearhasalreadybeen
sonsfor disregardingwearindatingthe
hoardis, however,importanthistorically
entingasitdoestheaccumulationofafamily
oyears.Therearevariousotherinstancesof
ulation:thethird,fourthandfifth Dura
eastas longaperiod.ThesmallSiphnos
coversnearly1ooyears.125Surelythetotal,
catethat itmusthavebeenslowly
erablesacrifice.Thuswemayoutlinethe
osetroublous yearsofthefourthand
k,ofwhomlittleaccountistakenin the
ents,thebattlesandthe conquests,inthose
independentGreekcitiesandtheriseof
oms.Thefirstcoinsaved,arare and
blywasputawayforthatreason,drachmas
e toexchangeforthishandsomepiecewith
vings.Followingthatthe eightCarystian
intothefamilycoffers.Thetwenty-four
c,all struckinclosesuccession,indicate
ditionsandsomelocalprosperity:thismay
Carystusstruckstaters,forshewasthe
arger coinsthandrachmasbetween387
giventothe tetradrachmsoftheEuboean
henHistiaeastruckoctobols.Asthefabricof
hatoftheEuboeandrachmas,theperiod
blythesixAtheniantetradrachmsalso
sentedbythesecoins,with thecorollary
ngcoinsduring thattime.Possiblyafter
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later,therewasabriefperiod ofpros-
d townsfolk,whenthelaterstaterswere
couldsaveonlyeleven.Theend ofthe
inning,oreventhe firsthalf,ofthethird,
boeandrachmasenteredthehoard,was
ngentperiodfinanciallyforthe family,
ethe EleanstatersandtheAlexandrine
marksadiminutionof localcurrency.
lipof Macedon,whichenjoyedsuch
hwereonthesamestandardas theEuboean
he intenselocalpatriotismofthefamily;
erofbronzeissuesof Euboea,andthe
vemadeitmoreprofitableto sacrifice
putawaythelarge silverofAlexander.The
ofAntiochusHierax,showsthatthehoard
til thethirtiesofthethird century;the
unabletodiscover.Someobscurefate
adbeenthriftyfora long,longtime.
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