PROCEEDINGS OF THE

XIVth INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS

GLASGOW 2009

Edited byNicholas Holmes

GLASGOW 2011

All rights reserved by The International Numismatic Council

ISBN 978-1-907427-17-6

Distributed by Spink & Son Ltd, 69 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4ETPrinted and bound in Malta by Gutenberg Press Ltd.

International Numismatic Council

British Academy

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

XIVth INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS

GLASGOW 2009

I

PrefaceEditor’s note

Inaugural lecture

‘A foreigner’s view of the coinage of Scotland’, by Nicholas MAYHEW

Antiquity: Greek

I Delfi ni (distribuzione, associazioni, valenza simbolica), by Pasquale APOLITO

Lessons from a (bronze) die study, by Donald T. ARIEL

Le monete incuse a leggenda Pal-Mol: una verifi ca della documentazione disponibile, by Marta BARBATO

Up-to-date survey of the silver coinage of the Nabatean king Aretas IV, by Rachel BARKAY

Remarks on monetary circulation in the chora of Olbia Pontica – the case of Koshary, by Jarosław BODZEK

The ‘colts’ of Corinth revisited: a note on Corinthian drachms from Ravel’s Period V, by Lee L. BRICE

Not only art! The period of the ‘signing masters’ and ‘historical iconography’,by Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO

Les monnaies préromaines de BB’T-BAB(B)A de Mauretanie, by Laurent CALLEGARIN & Abdelaziz EL KHAYARI

Mode iconografi che e determinazioni delle cronologie nell’occidente ellenistico, by Benedetto CARROCCIO

La phase postarchaïque du monnayage de Massalia, by Jean-Albert CHEVILLON

A new thesis for Siglos and Dareikos, by Nicolas A. CORFÙ

Heroic cults in northern Sicily between numismatics and archaeology, by Antonio CRISÀ

La politica estera tolemaica e l’area del Mar Nero: l’iconografi a numismatica come fonte storica, by Angela D’ARRIGO

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS2

New light on the Larnaca hoard IGCH 1272, by Anne DESTROOPER- GEORGIADES

The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area: iconography, by Dimitar DRAGANOV

The ‘royal archer’ and Apollo in the East: Greco-Persian iconography in the Seleukid Empire, by Kyle ERICKSON & Nicholas L. WRIGHT

ὖ ὰ ῖ ῖ . Retour sur les critères qui défi nissent habituellement les ‘imitations’ Athéniennes, by Chr. FLAMENT

On the gold coinage of ancient Chersonese (46-133 AD), by N.A. FROLOVA

Propaganda on coins of Ptolemaic queens, by Agnieszka FULIŃSKA

Osservazioni sui rinvenimenti di monete dagli scavi archeologici dell’antica Caulonia, by Giorgia GARGANO

La circulation monétaire à Argos d’après les monnaies de fouille de l’ÉFA (École française d’Athènes), by Catherine GRANDJEAN

Silver denominations and standards of the Bosporan cities, by Jean HOURMOUZIADIS

Seleucid ‘eagles’ from Tyre and Sidon: preliminary results of a die-study, by Panagiotis P. IOSSIF

Archaic Greek coins east of the Tigris: evidence for circulation?, by J. KAGAN

Parion history from coins, by Vedat KELEŞ

Regional mythology: the meanings of satyrs on Greek coins, by Ann-Marie KNOBLAUCH

The chronology of the Hellenistic coins of Thessaloniki, Pella and Amphipolis, by Theodoros KOUREMPANAS

The coinage of Chios during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, by Constantine LAGOS

Évidence numismatique de l’existence d’Antioche en Troade, by Dincer Savas LENGER

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189

199

203

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259

265

CONTENTS 3

Hallazgo de un conjunto monetal de Gadir en la necrópolis Feno-Púnica de los cuarteles de Varela, Cádiz, España, by Urbano LÓPEZ RUIZ & Ana María RUIZ TINOCO

Gold and silver weight standards in fourth-century Cyprus: a resume, by Evangeline MARKOU

Göttliche Herrscherin – herrschende Göttin? Frauenbildnisse auf hellenistischen Münzen, by Katharina MARTIN

Melkart-Herakles y sus distintas advocaciones en la Bética costera, by Elena MORENO PULIDO

Some remarks concerning the gold coins with the legend ‘ΚΟΣΩΝ’, by Lucian MUNTEANU

‘Une monnaie grecque inédite: un triobole d’Argos en Argolide’, by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU

The coinage of the Paeonian kings Leon and Dropion, by Eftimija PAVLOVSKA

Le trésor des monnaies perses d’or trouvé à Argamum / Orgamé (Jurilovca, dép. de Tulcea, Roumanie), by E. PETAC, G. TALMAŢCHI & V. IONIŢĂ

The imitations of late Thasian tetradrachms: chronology, classifi cation and dating, by Ilya S. PROKOPOV

Moneta e discorso politico: emissioni monetarie in Cirenaica tra il 321 e il 258 a.C., by Daniela Bessa PUCCINI

Tesoros sertorianos en España: problemas y nuevas perspectivas, by Isabel RODRÍGUEZ CASANOVA

‘Ninfa’ eponima grande dea? Caratteri e funzioni delle personifi cazioni cittadine, by Grazia SALAMONE

The coin fi nds from Hellenistic and Roman Berytas (fourth century BC – third century AD, by Ziad SAWAYA

Monetazione incusa magnogreca: destinazione e funzioni, by Rosa SCAVINO

Uso della moneta presso gli indigeni della Sicilia centro-meridionale, by Lavinia SOLE

La moneta di Sibari: struttura e metrologia, by Emanuela SPAGNOLI

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405

CONTENTS4

Le stephanophoroi prima delle stephanophoroi, by Marianna SPINELLI

Weight adjustment al marco in antiquity, and the Athenian decadrachm, by Clive STANNARD

The Magnesian hoard: a preliminary report, by Oğuz TEKIN

Zur Datierung und Deutung der Beizeichen auf Stateren von Górtyn, by Burkhard TRAEGER

Aspetti della circolazione monetaria in area basso adriatica, by Adriana TRAVAGLINI & Valeria Giulia CAMILLERI

La polisemia di Apollo attraverso il documento monetale, by Maria Daniela TRIFIRÒ

Thraco-Macedonian coins: the evidence from the hoards, by Alexandros R.A. TZAMALIS

The pattern of fi ndspots of coins of Damastion: a clue to its location, by Dubravka UJES MORGAN

The civic bronze coins of the Eleans: some preliminary remarks, by Franck WOJAN

The hoard of Cyzicenes from the settlement of Patraeus (Taman peninsula), by E.V. ZAKHAROV

Antiquity: Roman

The coinage of Diva Faustina I, by Martin BECKMANN

Coin fi nds from the Dutch province of North-Holland (Noord-Holland). Chronological and geographical distribution and function of Roman coins from the Dutch part of Barbaricum, by Paul BELIËN

The key to the Varus defeat: the Roman coin fi nds from Kalkriese, by Frank BERGER

Monetary circulation in the Bosporan Kingdom in the Roman period c. fi rst - fourth century AD, by Line BJERG

The Roman coin hoards of the second century AD found on the territory of present-day Serbia: the reasons for their burial, by Bojana BORIĆ-BREŠKOVIĆ

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538

CONTENTS 5

Die Münzprägung des Thessalischen Bundes von Marcus Aurelius bis Gallienus (161-268 n. Chr.), by Friedrich BURRER

The denarius in the fi rst century, by K. BUTCHER & M. PONTING

Coinage and coin circulation in Nicopolis of Epirus: a preliminary report, by Dario CALOMINO

La piazza porticata di Egnazia: la documentazione numismatica, by Raffaella CASSANO, Adriana TRAVAGLINI & Alessandro CRISPINO

Dallo scavo al museo: un ripostiglio monetale di età antonina del IV municipio di Roma (Italia), by Francesca CECI

I rinvenimenti dal Tevere: la monetazione della Diva Faustina, by Alessia CHIAPPINI

Analytical evidence for the organization of the Alexandrian mint during the Tetrarchy (III-IV centuries AD), by J.M.COMPANA, L. LEÓN-REINA, F.J. FORTES, L.M. CABALÍN, J.J. LASERNA, & M.A.G. ARANDA

L’Oriente Ligoriano: fonti, luoghi, mirabilia, by Arianna D’OTTONE

Le emissioni isiache: quale rapporto con il navigium Isidis?, by Sabrina DE PACE

A centre of aes rude production in southern Etruria : La Castellina (Civitavecchia, Roma), by Almudena DOMÍNGUEZ-ARRANZ & Jean GRAN-AYMERICH

Perseus and Andromeda in Alexandria: explaining the popularity of the myth in the culture of the Roman Empire, by Melissa Barden DOWLING

Les fractions du nummus frappées à Rome et à Ostie sous le règne de Maxence (306-312 ap. J.C.), by V. DROST

Monuments on the move: architectural coin types and audience targeting in the Flavian and Trajanic periods, by Nathan T. ELKINS

‘The restoration of memory: Minucius and his monument’ by Jane DeRose EVANS

La circulation monétaire à Lyon de la fondation de la colonie à la mort de Septime Sévère (43 av. – 211 apr. J.C.): premiers résultats, by Jonas FLUCK

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CONTENTS6

Le monnayage en orichalque romain: apport des expérimentations aux études numismatiques, by Arwen GAFFIERO, Arnaud SUSPÈNE, Florian TÉREYGEOL & Bernard GRATUZE

New coins of pre- and denarial system minted outside Italy, by Paz GARCÍA-BELLIDO

Les bronzes d’Octave à la proue et à la tête de bélier (RPC 533) attribués à Toulouse-Tolosa: nouvelles découvertes, by Vincent GENEVIÈVE

Crustumerium, Cisterna Grande (Rome, Italy): textile traces from a Roman coins hoard, by Maria Rita GIULIANI, Ida Anna RAPINESI, Francesco DI GENNARO, Daniela FERRO, Heli ARIMA, Ulla RAJANA & Francesca CECI

Deux médaillons d’Antonin le Pieux du territoire de Pautalia (Thrace), by Valentina GRIGOROVA-GENCHEVA

Mars and Venus on Roman imperial coinage in the time of Marcus Aurelius: iconological considerations with special reference to the emperor’s correspondence with Marcus Cornelius Fronto, by Jürgen HAMER

The silver coins of Aegeae in the light of Hadrian’s eastern silver coinages, by F. HAYMANN

The coin-images of the later soldier-emperors and the creation of a Roman empire of late antiquity, by Ragnar HEDLUND

Coinage and currency in ancient Pompeii, by Richard HOBBS

Imitations in gold, by Helle W. HORSNÆS

Un geste de Caracalla sur une monnaie frappée à Pergame, by Antony HOSTEIN

New data on monetary circulation in northern Illyricum in the fi fth century, by Vujadin IVANIŠEVIĆ & Sonja STAMENKOVIĆ

Die augusteischen Münzmeisterprägungen: IIIviri monetales im Spannungsfeld zwischen Republik und Kaiserzeit, by Alexa KÜTER

Imperial representation during the reign of Valentinian III, by Aládar KUUN

The Nome coins: some remarks on the state of research, by Katarzyna LACH

Le monnayage de Brutus et Cassius après la mort de César, by Raphaëlle LAIGNOUX

668

676

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742

749

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785

CONTENTS 7

L’ultima emissione di Cesare Ottaviano: alcune considerazioni sulle recenti proposte cronologiche, by Fabiana LANNA

Claudius’s issue of silver drachmas in Alexandria: Serapis Anastole, by Barbara LICHOCKA

La chronologie des émissions monétaires de Claude II: ateliers de Milan et Siscia, by Jérôme MAIRAT

La circulation monétaire à Strasbourg (France) et sur le Rhin supérieur au premier siècle après J.-C., by Stéphane MARTIN

The double solidus of Magnentius, by Alenka MIŠKEC

A hoard of bronze coins of the third century BC found at Pratica di Mare (Rome), by Maria Cristina MOLINARI

Un conjunto de plomos monetiformes de procendencia hispana de la colección antigua del Museo Arqueológico Nacional (Madrid), by Bartolomé MORA SERRANO

Monete e ritualitá funeraria in epoca romana imperiale: il sepolcreto dei Fadieni (Ferrara – Italia), by Anna Lina MORELLI

Il database Monete al femminile, by Anna Lina MORELLI & Erica FILIPPINI

La trouvaille monétaire de Bex-Sous-Vent (VD, Suisse): une nouvelle analyse, by Yves MUHLEMANN

Die Sammlung von Lokalmythen griechischer Städte des Ostens: ein Projekt der Kommission für alte Geschichte und Epigraphik, by Johannes NOLLÉ

Plomos monetiformes con leyenda ibérica Baitolo, hallados en la ciudad romana de Baetulo (Hispania Tarraconensis), by Pepita PADRÓS MARTÍ, Daniel VÁZQUEZ & Francesc ANTEQUERA

I denari serrati della repubblica romana: alcune considerazioni, by Andrea PANCOTTI & Patrizia CALABRIA

Monetary circulation in late antique Rome: a fi fth-century context coming from the N.E. slope of the Palatine Hill. A preliminary report, by Giacomo PARDINI

Securitas e suoi attributi: lo sviluppo di una iconografi a, by Rossella PERA

Could the unoffi cial mint called ‘Atelier II’ be identifi ed with the offi cinae of Châteaubleau (France)?, by Fabien PILON

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CONTENTS8

Coin fi nds from Elaiussa Sebaste (Cilicia Tracheia), by Annalisa POLOSA

El poblamiento romano en el área del Mar Menor (Ager Carthaginensis): una aproximación a partir de los recientes hallazgos numismáticos, by Alfredo PORRÚA MARTÍNEZ & Elvira NAVARRO SANTA-CRUZ

The presence of local deities on Roman Palestinian coins: refl ections on cultural and religious interaction between Romans and local elites, by Vagner Carvalheiro PORTO

The male couple: iconography and semantics, by Mariangela PUGLISI

Countermarks on the Republican and Augustan brass coins in the south-eastern Alps, by Andrej RANT

A stone thesaurus with a votive coin deposit found in the sanctuary of Campo della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii), by Samuele RANUCCI

L’image du pouvoir impériale de Trajan et son évolution idéologique: étude des frappes monétaires aux types d’Hercule, Jupiter et Soleil, by Laurent RICCARDI

The infl ow of Roman coins to the east-of-the-Vistula Mazovia (Mazowsze) and Podlachia (Podlasie), by Andrzej ROMANOWSKI

Numismatics and archaeology in Rome: the fi nds from the Basilica Hilariana, by Alessia ROVELLI

Communicating a consecratio: the deifi cation coinage of Faustina I, by Clare ROWAN

An alleged hoard of third-century Alexandrian tetradrachms, by Adriano SAVIO & Alessandro CAVAGNA

Some notes on religious embodiments in the coinage of Roman Syria and Mesopotamia, by Philipp SCHWINGHAMMER

Roman provincial coins in the money circulation of the south-eastern Alpine area and western Pannonia, by Andrej ŠEMROV

Recenti rinvenimenti dal Tevere (1): introduzione, by Patrizia SERAFIN

Recenti rinvenimenti dal Tevere (2): la moneta di Vespasiano tra tradizione ed innovazione, by Alessandra SERRA

A hoard of denarii and early Roman Messene, by Kleanthis SIDIROPOULOS

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CONTENTS 9

La ‘corona radiata’ sui ritratti dei bronzi imperiali alessandrini, by Giovanni Maria STAFFIERI

The iconography of two groups of struck lead from Central Italy and Baetica in the second and fi rst centuries BC, by Clive STANNARD

Monete della zecca di Frentrum, Larinum e Pallanum, by Napoleone STELLUTI

Personalized victory on coins: the Year of the Four Emperors – Greek imperial issues, by Yannis STOYAS

Les monnaies d’or d’Auguste: l’apport des analyses élémentaires et le problème de l’atelier de Nîmes, by Arnaud SUSPÈNE, Maryse BLET-LEMARQUAND & Michel AMANDRY

The popularity of the enthroned type of Asclepius on Peloponnesian coins of imperial times, by Christina TSAGKALIA

Gold and silver fi rst tetrarchic issues from the mint of Alexandria, by D. Scott VANHORN

Note sulla circolazione monetaria in Etruria meridionale nel III secolo a.C., by Daniela WILLIAMS

Roman coins from the western part of West Balt territory, by Anna ZAPOLSKA

Antiquity: Celtic

La moneda ibérica del nordeste de la Hispania Citerior: consideraciones sobre su cronología y función, by Marta CAMPO

Les bronzes à la gueule de loup du Berry: essai de typochronologie, by Philippe CHARNOTET

Les imitations de l’obole de Marseille de LTD1/LTD2A (IIe s. / Ier s. av. J.C.) entre les massifs des Alpes et du Jura, by Anne GEISER

Le monnayage à la légende TOGIRIX: une nouvelle approche, by Anne GEISER & Julia GENECHESI

Trading with silver bullion during the third century BC: the hoard of Armuña de Tajuña, by Manuel GOZALBES, Gonzalo CORES & Pere Pau RIPOLLÈS

Données expérimentales sur la fabrication de quinaires gaulois fourrés, by Katherine GRUEL, Dominique LACOSTE, Carole FRARESSO, Michel PERNOT & François ALLIER

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CONTENTS10

Pre-Roman coins from Sotin, by Mato ILKIĆ

Les monnaies gauloises trouvées à Paris, by Stéphane MARTIN

Die keltischen Münzen vom Oberleiserberg (Niederösterreich), by Jiři MILITKÝ

New coin fi nds from the two late Iron Age settlements of Altenburg (Germany) and Rheinau (Switzerland) – a military coin series on the German-Swiss border?, by Michael NICK

Le dépôt monétaire gaulois de Laniscat (Côtes-d’Armor): 547 monnaies de ba s titre. Étude préliminaire, by Sylvia NIETO-PELLETIER, Bernard GRATUZE & Gérard AUBIN

Antiquity: general

La moneda en el mundo funerario-ritual de Gadir-Gades, by A. ARÉVALO GONZÁLEZ

Neues Licht auf eine alte Frage? Die Verwandschaft von Münzen und Gemmen, by Angela BERTHOLD

Tipi del cane e del lupo sulle monete del Mediterraneo antico, by Alessandra BOTTARI

Not all these things are easy to read, much less to understand: new approaches to reading images on ancient coins, by Geraldine CHIMIRRI-RUSSELL

The collection of ancient coins in the Ossoliński National Institute in Lvov (1828-1944), by Adam DEGLER

Preliminary notes on Phoenician and Punic coins kept in the Pushkin Museum, by S. KOVALENKO & L.I. MANFREDI

Greek coins from the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro: SNG project, by Marici Martins MAGALHÃES

La catalogazione delle emissioni di Commodo nel Codice Ligoriano, by Rosa Maria NICOLAI

The sacred life of coins: cult fees, sacred law and numismatic evidence, by Isabelle A. PAFFORD

Anton Prokesch-Osten and the Greek coins of the coin collection at the Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Austria, by Karl PEITLER

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CONTENTS 11

Monete ed anelli: cronologia, tipologie, fruitori, by Claudia PERASSI

Il volume 21 delle Antichitá Romane di Pirro Ligorio ‘Libri delle Medaglie da Cesare a Marco Aurelio Commodo’, by Patrizia SERAFIN

Greek and Roman coins in the collection of the Çorum Museum, by D. Özlem YALCIN

Mediaeval and modern western (mediaeval)

The exchanges in the city of London, 1344-1358, by Martin ALLEN

Fribourg en Nuithonie: faciès monétaire d’une petite ville au centre de l’Europe, by Anne-Francine AUBERSON

Die Pegauer Brakteatenprägung Abt Siegfrieds von Rekkin (1185-1223): Kriterien zu deren chronologischer Einordnung, by Jan-Erik BECKER

Die recutting in the eleventh-century Polish coinage, by Mateusz BOGUCKI

Le retour à l’or au treizième siècle: le cas de Montpellier (...1244-1246...), by Marc BOMPAIRE & Pierre-Joan BERNARD

Le monete a leggenda ΠAN e le emissioni arabo-bizantine. I dati dello scavo di Antinoupolis / El Sheikh Abada, by Daniele CASTRIZIO

Scavi di Privernum e Fossanova (Latina, Italia): monete tardoantiche, medioevale e moderne, by Francesca CECI & Margherita CANCELLIERI

La aportación de los hallazgos monetarios a ‘la crisis del siglo XIV’ en Cataluña, by Maria CLUA I MERCADAL

Norwegian bracteates during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by Linn EIKJE

Donative pennies in Viking-age Scandinavia?, by Frédéric ELFVER

Carolingian capitularies as a source for the monetary history of the Frankish empire, by Hubert EMMERIG

Ulf Candidatus, by G. EMSØY

Münzen des Moskauer Grossfürstentums. Das Geld von Dmitrij Ivanowitsch Donskoj (1359-1389) (über die Veröffentlichung der ersten Ausgabe des ‘Korpus der russischen Münzen des 14-15. Jhs.’), by P. GAIDUKOV & I. GRISHIN

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CONTENTS12

Brakteatenprägungen in Mähren in der zweiten Hälfte des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts, by Dagmar GROSSMANNOVÁ Monetisation in medieval Scandinavia, by Svein H. GULLBEKK

A mancus apparently marked on behalf of King Offa: genuine or fake?, by Wolfgang HAHN

Among farmers and city people: coin use in early medieval Denmark, c. 1000-1250, by Gitte Tarnow INGVARDSON

Was pseudo-Byzantine coinage primarily of municipal origin?, by Charlie KARUKSTIS

Interpreting single fi nds in medieval England – the secondary lives of coins, by Richard KELLEHER

Byzantine coins from the area of Belarus, by Krystyna LAVYSH & Marcin WOŁOSZYN

Die früheste Darstellung des Richters auf einer mittelalterlicher Münze?, by Ivar LEIMUS

Coinage and money in the ‘years of insecurity’: the case of late Byzantine Chalkidiki (thirteenth - fourteenth century), by Vangelis MALADAKIS

Nota sulla circolazione monetaria tardoantica nel Lazio meridionale: i reperti di S. Ilario ad bivium, by Flavia MARANI

The money of the First Crusade: the evidence of a new parcel and its implications, by Michael MATZKE

Überlegungen zum ‘Habsburger Urbar’ als Quelle für Währungsgeschichte, by Samuel NUSSBAUM

Schilling Kennisbergisch slages of Grand Master Louis of Ehrlichshausen, by Borys PASZKIEWICZ

Un diner de Jaime I el conquistador en el Mar Menor: evidencias de presencia aragonesa en el Campo de Cartagena durante la Baja Edad Media, by Alfredo PORRÚA MARTÍNEZ & Alfonso ROBLES FERNÁNDEZ

L’atelier de faux-monnayeur de Rovray (VD, Suisse), by Carine RAEMY TOURNELLE

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CONTENTS 13

La ubicación de las casas de moneda en le Europa medieval. El caso del reino de León, by Antonio ROMA VALDÉS

New perspectives on Norwegian Viking-age hoards c. 1000: the Bore hoard revisited, by Elina SCREEN

The discovery of a hoard of coins dated to the fi fth and sixth centuries in Klapavice in the hinterland of ancient Salona, by Tomislav ŠEPAROVIĆ

A model for the analysis of coins lost in Norwegian churches, by Christian J. SIMENSEN

A clippe from Femern, by Jørgen SØMOD

The convergence of coinages in the late medieval Low Countries, by Peter SPUFFORD

A perplexing hoard of Lusignan coins from Polis, Cyprus, by Alan M. STAHL, Gerald POIRIER & Nan YAO

OTTO / ODDO and ADELHEIDA / ATHALHET - onomatological aspects of German coin types of the tenth and eleventh centuries, by Sebastian STEINBACH

Bulles de plomb et les monnaies en Pologne au XIIe siècle, by Stanislaw SUCHODOLSKI

Palaeologian coin fi ndings of Kusadasi, Kadikalesi/Anaia and their refl ections. by Ceren ÜNAL

The hoard of Tetín (Czech Republic) in the light of currency conditions in thirteenth-century Bohemia, by Roman ZAORAL & Jiři MILITKÝ

The circulation of foreign coins in Poland in the fi fteenth century, by Michal ZAWADZKI

Mediaeval and modern Western (modern)

Die neuzeitliche Münzstätte im Schloss Haldenstein bei Chur Gr, Schweiz, by Rahel C. ACKERMANN

The money box system for savings in Amsterdam, 1907-1935, by G.N. BORST

Four ducats coins of Franz Joseph I (1848-1916) of Austria: their use in jewellery and some hitherto unpublished imitations, by Aleksandar N. BRZIC

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1597

1605

1614

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CONTENTS14

A king as Hercules in the modern Polish coinage, by Witold GARBAZCEWSKI

The monetary areas in Piedmont during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries: a starting point for new investigations, by Luca GIANAZZA

Coin hoards in the United States, by John M. KLEEBERG

The transfer of minting techniques to Denmark in the nineteenth century, by Michael MÄRCHER

Patrimonio Numismático Iberoamericano: un proyecto del Museo Arqueológico Nacional, by Carmen MARCOS ALONSO & Paloma OTERO MORÁN

Moneda local durante la guerra civil española: billete emitido por el ayuntamiento de San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, by Federico MARTÍNEZ PASTOR & Alfredo PORRÚA MARTÍNEZ

Coins and monetary circulation in the Legnica-Brzeg duchy: rudimentary problems, by Robert PIEŃKOWSKI

Representaciones del café en el acervo de numismática del Museu Paulista - USP, by Angela Maria Gianeze RIBEIRO

Freiburg im Üechtland und die Münzreformen der französischen Könige (1689-1726), by Nicole SCHACHER

La aparición de la marca de valor en la moneda valenciana, ¿1618 o 1640? Una nueva hipótesis de trabajo, by Juan Antonio SENDRA IBÁÑEZ

Devotion and coin-relics in early modern Italy, by Lucia TRAVAINI

The political context of the origin and the exportation of thaler-coins from Jáchymov (Joachimsthal) in the fi rst half of the sixteenth century, by Petr VOREL

The late sixteenth-century Russian forged kopecks, which were ascribed to the English Muscovy Company, by Serguei ZVEREV

Oriental and African coinages

The meaning of the character 寳 bao in the legends of Chinese cash coins, by Vladimir A. BELYAEV & Sergey V. SIDOROVICH

Three unpublished Indo-Sasanian coin hoards, Government Museum, Mathura, by Pratipal BHATIA

1704

1713

1719

1725

1734

1744

1748

1752

1758

1765

1774

1778

1783

1789

1796

CONTENTS 15

Oriental coins in the Capitoline Museums (Rome): further researches on Stanzani Collection history, by Arianna D’OTTONE

The king, the princes and the Raj, by Sanjay GARG

The fi rst evidence of a mint at Miknāsa: two unpublished Almoravid coins, a dirham and a dinar, of the year 494H/1100, by Tawfi q IBRAHIM

L’âge d’or de la numismatique en Chine: l’exemple du Catalogue des Monnaies Anciennes de Li Zuoxian, by Lyce JANKOWSKI

Numismatic research in Japan today: coins, paper monies and patterns of usage. Paper money in early modern Japan: economic and folkloristic aspects, by Keiichiro KATO

The gold reform of Ghazan Khan, by Judith KOLBAS

A study of medieval Chinese coins from Karur and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, by KRISHNAMURTHY RAMASUBBAIYER

Latest contributions to the numismatic history of Central Asia (late eighteenth – nineteenth century), by Vladimir NASTICH

Silver fragments of unique Būyid and Ḥamdānid coins and their role in the Kelč hoard (Czech Republic), by Vlastimil NOVÁK

Numismatic evidence for the location of Saray, the capital of the Golden Horde, by A.V. PACHKALOV

Le regard des voyageurs sur les monnaies africaines du XVIe au XIXe siècles, by Josette RIVALLAIN

Les imitations des dirhems carrés almohades: apport des analyses élémentaires, by A. TEBOULBI, M. BOMPAIRE & M. BLET-LEMARQUAND

À propos du monnayage de Kiến Phúc (1883-1884), by François THIERRY

Glass jetons from Sicily: new fi nd evidence from the excavations at Monte Iato, by Christian WEISS

Medals

Joseph Kowarzik (1860-1911): ein Medailleur der Jahrhundertwende, by Kathleen ADLER

1807

1813

1821

1826

1832

1841

1847

1852

1862

1869

1874

1884

1890

1897

1907

CONTENTS16

Numismatic memorials of breeding trotting horses (based on the collection of the numismatic department of the Hermitage), by L.I. DOBROVOLSKAYA

De retrato a arquetipo: anotaciones sobre la difusión de la efi gie de Juan VIII Paleólogo en la peninsula Ibérica, by Albert ESTRADA-RIUS

Titon du Tillet e le medaglie del Parnasse François, by Paola GIOVETTI

Bedrohung und Schutz der Erde: Positionen zur Umweltproblematik in der deutschen Medaillenkunst der Gegenwart, by Rainer GRUND

The rediscovery of the oldest private medal collection of the Netherlands, by Jan PELSDONK

Twentieth-century British campaign medals: a continuation of the nineteenth century?, by Phyllis STODDART and Keith SUGDEN

‘Shines with unblemished honour’: some thoughts on an early nineteenth-century medal, by Tuukka TALVIO

General numismatics

Dall’iconografi a delle monete antiche all’ideologia della nazione future. Proiezioni della numismatica grecista di D’Annunzio sulla nuova monetazione Sabauda, by Giuseppe ALONZO

Didaktisch-methodische Aspekte der Numismatik in der Schule, by Szymon BERESKA

The Count of Caylus (1692-1765) and the study of ancient coins, by François de CALLATAŸ

Le monete di Lorenzo il Magnifi co in un manoscritto di Angelo Poliziano, by Fiorenzo CATALLI

Coinage and mapping, by Thomas FAUCHER

Classicism and coin collections in Brazil, by Maria Beatriz Borba FLORENZANO

A prosopography of the mint offi cials: the Eligivs database and its evolution, by Luca GIANAZZA

Elementary statistical methods in numismatic metrology, by Dagmar GROSSMANNOVÁ & Jan T. STEFAN

1920

1931

1937

1945

1959

1965

1978

1985

1993

1999

2004

2012

2017

2022

2027

CONTENTS 17

Les collections numismatiques du Musée archéologique de Dijon (France), by Jacques MEISSONNIER

Bank of Greece: the numismatic collections, by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU

Foundation of the Hellenic World. A new private collection open to the public, by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU

Re-discovering coins: publication of the numismatic collections in Bulgarian museums – a new project, by Evgeni PAUNOV, Ilya PROKOPOV & Svetoslava FILIPOVA

„Census of Ancient Coins Known in the Renaissance“, by Ulrike PETER

Le sel a servi de moyen d’échange, by J.A. SCHOONHEYT

The international numismatic library situation and the foundation of the International Numismatic Libraries’ Network (INLN), by Ans TER WOERDS

The Golden Fleece in Britain, by R.H. THOMPSON

Das Museum August Kestner in Hannover: Neues aus der Münzsammlung, by Simone VOGT

From the electrum to the Euro: a journey into the history of coins. A multimedia presentation by the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, by Eleni ZAPITI

Highlights from the Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides Collection, donated by Clio and Solon Triantafyllides: coins and artefacts, by Eleni ZAPITI & Evangeline MARKOU

Index of Contributors

2036

2044

2046

2047

2058

2072

2082

2089

2100

2102

2112

2118

A HOARD OF BRONZE COINS OF THE THIRD CENTURY BC FOUND AT PRATICA DI MARE (ROME)1

MARIA CRISTINA MOLINARI

The excavations at Pratica di Mare (ancient Lavinium) have yielded 118 coins altogether; 36 of these coins were found near the Sanctuary of the XIII altars.2 This short paper aims at illustrating a small hoard published in 1990 with a description of the context of retrieval, namely a large build-ing inside the Forum (Fig. 1) ‘with rooms opening onto a central courtyard with a porch shaded by a wooden veranda’. 3 This building was probably razed by a fi re in the third century BC and never rebuilt. Actually, during the third century BC the town experienced a moment of severe decline, before being abandoned in the following century.4

Fig. 1. The building where the hoard was found.1 I am grateful to Nicola Parise of Rome’s University ‘La Sapienza’,

Marta Barbato, Fabiana Lanna and Daniela Williams; I am particularly indebted to Maria Fenelli and Alessandro Maria Jaia of Rome’s University ‘La Sapienza’, who have allowed me to study this material and have freely provided me with all their excavation records.

2 Piccarreta 1975, pp. 445-48.

3 Fenelli / Guaitoli 1990, pp. 188-89. 4 Torelli 1984, p. 7. There are no elements allowing us to connect the

phases of abandonment and destruction to a precise historical event, unless one supposes that the Carthaginian assault and devastation of the Italian coasts in 247 BC, described by Pol., I, 56 had gone beyond Cumae.

A HOARD OF BRONZE COINS OF THE THIRD CENTURY BC FOUND AT PRATICA DI MARE (ROME) 829

Fig. 2.

Under the layer resulting from the collapse of the building’s roof, on the outer side of one of the porch walls (Fig. 2 and Plate Ia), 39 minted coins were found (Plate Ib), along with three aes rude and two fragments of ‘aes signatum’,5 of which one with the bull type (Plate II, a-b).6 Such coins, weighing 285.56 g. altogether,7 were also associated with commercial amphorae and sparse kitchenware.8 Such evidence has allowed us to rule out that the building was meant for residential purposes, while a public function is more plausible.

As regards the latter group of those coins, the dating of which falls within a coherent chrono-logical span, it has been suggested that they belong to an original nucleus, in a secondary context;9 they were probably dispersed when the fi re broke out.10 As the excavation proceeded, all the items were positioned on the plan and their depth recorded (Plate III). In particular, the contemporary presence of coins and of ‘aes signatum’ is remarkable.11

5 Such a conventional defi nition, quoted in inverted commas, is here used for convenience; it is of course a modern declination: cf. Crawford 2002, p. 271.

6 Hoards including this type of ‘aes signatum’are: RRCH p. 42 n. 3 (Città di Castello); RRCH p. 43 n. 10 (Vulci) cf. Thomsen III p. 209; RRCH p. 46, n. 16 (La Bruna).

7 Equal to the weight of a light libral as.8 Fenelli / Guaitoli 1990, pp. 188-89.

9 Kent 19882, p. 205: these are fl oor-dispersed hoards that had previously been hidden in upper structures and are now lost.

10 Fennelli / Guaitoli 1990, p. 188.11 Among these, we can possibly consider the hoard of Ardea, that

included: ‘some large rectangular pieces of bronze’ that were lost shortly after they were found; cf. Vitale 1998, pp. 244-45. The other contexts close at a later time: Cosa, eadem, pp. 221-22; Vicarello e Tivoli, eadem, pp. 225-28 and pp. 239-41; Lucus Feroniae, eadem, pp. 230-31.

MARIA CRISTINA MOLINARI830

CATALOGUE

AES RUDE

4th-3rd century BC

1. 22.82 g, inv. n. 8542442. 17.32 g, inv. n. 8542043. 5.50 g, inv. n. 854214

‘AES SIGNATUM’

Rome

280-255 BC O/ Bull r.;R/ Bull l.;RRC 14.7; Burnett 1987, p. 4

4. 48.32 g, fragm.

O/ill.;R/ill.;

5. 10.29 g, fragm.; inv. n. 854243 Aesernia or Compulteria

260-240 BCO/ Head of Apollo l., laureate; at r.: oval shield;R/ Man-faced bull r.; above, Victory fl ying r.;HN 431 or 437; for the dating of Aesernia see Burnett / Crawford 1998, pp. 55-56.

6. 6.24 g, 21 mm, IX; inv. n. 8542337. 4,88 g, 17 mm, V; inv. n. 854240

Compulteria or Suessa or Neapolis

260-240 BCD/ Head of Apollo l., laureate; R/ Man-faced bull r.; above, Victory fl ying r.; below ΙΣ; HN 437 or 450 or 589 or 590; for the dating of IΣ see Burnett / Crawford 1998, pp. 55-56.

8. 5.15 g, 20 mm, VI; inv. n.854237

A HOARD OF BRONZE COINS OF THE THIRD CENTURY BC FOUND AT PRATICA DI MARE (ROME) 831

Suessa Aurunca

260-240 BCO/Head of Apollo l., laureate;R/Man-faced bull r.; above, Victory fl ying r.; HN 450

9. 5.99 g, 20 mm, VII; inv. n. 854207

O/ at r.: O;R/ in exergue: [S]VESAN[O];

10. 5.85 g, 21 mm, VII; inv. n. 854217

O/ at l.: SVE[SANO];

11. 5.60 g, 19 mm, VI; inv. n. 854230

O/ at l: [SVE]S[ANO];

12. 5.20 g, 17 mm, IV; inv. n. 854239

O/ at l.: SV[ESANO];

13. 5.02 g, 20 mm, XII; inv. n. 854206

R/ in exergue: SVE[SANO]

14. 4.15 g, 18 mm, III; inv. n. 854236

O/ at r.: O;R/ in exergue: [SV]ESAN[O];

Neapolis

326-310 BCO/Head of Apollo r., laureate;R/ ΝΕΟΠΟΛΙΤΗ[Σ]Forepart of man-faced bull, r.; on shoulder star of eight rays;Taliercio 1986, I c; HN 569.

15. 5.52 g, 16 mm, VII; inv. n. 854208

300-270 BCO/Male head l.;

MARIA CRISTINA MOLINARI832

R/[ΝΕ]ΟΠΟ-ΛΙΤΩΝ; tripod;Taliercio 1986, II b; HN 583.

16. 1.97 g, 14 mm; XI; inv. n. 854226 270-250 BCO/ [ ΝΕΟΠΟ] Λ [ΙΤΩΝ]; at r.: O; Head of Apollo l., laureate;R/ Man-faced bull r.; crowned by Victory; below: ΙΣ;Taliercio 1986, III a; HN 589

17. 3.35 g, 20 mm, III; inv. n. 854241

250-225 BCO/Head of Apollo l., laureateR/ [ΝΕΟΠΟΛΙΤ] ΩΝ; Man-faced bull r., crowned by Victory;Taliercio 1986, IV d; HN 595

18. 4.06 g, 20 mm; IX; inv. n. 854232

Uncertain mint: Samnium, South Latium and Northern Campania

270-250 BCO/Head of Apollo l., laureate R/ Man-faced bull r.; crowned by Victory;

19. 6.30 g, 20 mm; VI; inv. n. 854242

O/ at r.: O;

20. 6.03 g, 19 mm, XII; inv. n. 85422121. 5.66 g, 21 mm, XII; inv. n. 85420222. 5.55 g, 19 mm, IX; inv. n. 854218 23. 5.47 g, 20 mm, IV; inv. n. 85422224. 5.45 g, 18 mm, II; inv. n. 85423525. 5.38 g, 20 mm, XII; inv. n. 85423426. 5.16 g, 18 mm; inv. n. 85421627. 5.13 g, 19 mm, VI; inv. n. 85422828. 4.84 g, 19 mm, VI; inv. n. 85422529. 4.84 g, 20 mm, VI; inv. n. 854211 30. 4.71 g, 18 mm, III; inv. n. 85421231. 4.67 g, 18 mm, VI; inv. n. 85422432. 4.60 g, 18 mm, IV; inv. n. 854229 33. 4.52 g, 20 mm, VI; inv. n. 85420334. 4.35, 17 mm; inv. n. 85422335. 4.20, 18 mm, III; inv. n. 854205

A HOARD OF BRONZE COINS OF THE THIRD CENTURY BC FOUND AT PRATICA DI MARE (ROME) 833

12 Taliercio Mensitieri 1998, p. 220; HN p. 71.13 Crawford 1985 p. 38 (app. 9).14 Taliercio Mensitieri 1998, p. 125 justifi es this issue as an exceptional

reward granted at the end of the war.15 Eadem p. 81, note 193. It has to be pointed out, however, that all the

contexts the author quotes do close with much later coins ( Vitale 1998 pp. 246-47) or are uncertain ( eadem, p. 264: ‘dall’humus’) or constitute a fortuitous gathering (‘accumulo casuale’: eadem pp. 221-22) or have been jumbled (eadem pp. 225-28).

16 Vitale 2001, p. 115, note 93, with quotations related; also this case does not present contexts the closing of which is unquestionably certain. On the contrary, it is remarkable that the only two known hoards containing RRC 16, that can be dated to the age of Pyrrhus and within the First Punic

War (Ardea with 17 pieces and Pietrabbondante see ultra), do not include coins of Neapolis of the fi rst and second phases which, although hardly attested outside Campania, are present at Lavinium.

17 Taliercio Mensitieri 1998, p. 81. 18 Pratica yielded at least two pieces with the lion: cf. Vitale 1998, pp.

245-46. 19 Cf. ibidem and p. 316: with six examples. Whether such a lack could

be explained accepting the hypothesis of a production in a different context from that of the mint of Rome, as in Marchetti 1993, p. 44, note 79, who indicates Capua as a seat, the presence of all the other Samnite-Campanian mints and the lack of Roman bronzes would appear disconcerting. It appears more likely that this gap has to be put down to a chronological problem.

36. 3.97, 19 mm, III; inv. n. 85421537. 3.79, 19 mm, V; inv. n. 85421038. 3.72, 20 mm; inv. n. 85423139. 3.62, 18 mm, VI; inv. n. 85422740. 3.48 g, 19 mm; inv. n. 85421341. 3.45 g, 19 mm, III; inv. n. 85422042. 2.78 g, 18 mm, h. 3; inv. n. 85420943. 2.77 g, 17 mm; inv. n. 854219

Messana

264-241 BCD/ H. of Zeus left; in front: [ΔΙΟ]Σ;R/ Eagle l. standing on thunderbolt; at l.: [--]I;Särström 1940, pp. 70-3; for its dating see Caccamo Caltabiano 1992, pp. 14-15

44. 3.89 g, 17mm, VI; inv. n. 854238

The overall state of wear of the coins is mediocre. A certain number of them show a noticeable degree of wear, like the bronzes of uncertain mint, while some others show a perceivable degree of alteration, as in the case of the bronzes of Suessa, Aesernia or Compulteria. When the destruc-tion of the building took place, such bronze coins had probably been just minted, although they appear to have suffered damage from the fi re’s heat. The most recent piece seems to be a bronze from Neapolis belonging to the IV phase, that Taliercio dates after 250 BC, while Rutter places it between 250 and 225 BC.

Considering the location of Lavinium and the occurrence of bronze coins minted in the sec-ond quarter of and in the mid third century BC, the complete lack of Roman struck coins – with the exception of two fragments of ‘aes signatum’ – is a quite remarkable feature. Of particular signifi cance is the lack of the type HN 276-277, that is frequently associated with the heavy libral aes grave, and therefore dated ‘before the end of the Pyrrhic War’13 or shortly after.14 This aspect might appear even more surprising considering the occurrence, in our context, of two coins of the early Neapolitan series that Taliercio15 and Vitale16 relate to the Roman bronze coins with the lion. However, these are primarily attested in votive contexts;17 such circumstance may well account for its not being attested.18 Even more surprising is the lack of the type with RRC 17, or HN 278, found in other areas of ancient Lavinium.19 That series has generally been dated, at the latest, at the

MARIA CRISTINA MOLINARI834

20 Taliercio Mensitieri 1998, pp. 90-91. For the other suggestions regarding the end of the Pyrrhic War see the bibliography in eadem, p. 98, note 280.

21 RRC, p. 13522 Burnett 1977, p. 116.

23 Isdem 1977, pp. 110-11; Burnett / Crawford 1998, pp. 55-56; Burnett 2006, p. 41.

24 Burnett / Crawford 1998, p. 56, also recall another overstriking on a piece of Hieron II that might have arrived in Italy after the outbreak of the First Punic War.

end of the Pyrrhic war20 or shortly before 269 B.C.,21 if not ten years later.22 Our small hoard shows some affi nity with that of Pietrabbondante. As documented by A. Bur-

nett23, such a hoard includes Samnite-Campanian coins and Neapolitan bronzes of the third phase with the monogram ΙΣ, that are likely to have been struck at least until 250 BC,24 and no Romano-Campanian of the RRC 17 series. In much the same way (and with even more emphasis owing to the vicinity of Rome and its more recent composition), the Pratica hoard could provide additional evidence about the fact that, when the building of Lavinium was razed during the fi rst Punic War, not all the series with the inscription ROMANO had been struck yet, or that they were not system-atically circulating anyway.

TABLE 1. Piettrabbondate hoard.

Roma HN 270 (trientes) 5

HN 271 (quadrantes) 2

HN 272 (sextans) 1

HN 276 (lion) 2

HN 281-282 (4 trientes, 2 quadrantes) 6

HN 294 (semunciae) 2

Aesernia HN 429 Minerva / Eagle 2

HN 430 Vulcan / biga 10

Aquinum HN 432 Minerva / Cock 1

Cales HN 435 Minerva / Cock 5

HN 436 Apollo / Man-faced bull 17

Suessa HN 448 Mercury / Hercules and lion 2

HN 449 Minerva / Cock 5

HN 450 Apollo / Man-faced bull and Victory 9

Teanum HN 453 Minerva / Cock 1

Nola HN 605 Apollo / Man-faced bull and Victory 2

Neapolis HN 589 o 590 Apollo / Man-faced bull and Victory 69

A HOARD OF BRONZE COINS OF THE THIRD CENTURY BC FOUND AT PRATICA DI MARE (ROME) 835

25 Vitale 1998, p. 262; Pantuliano 2005, p. 361.26 Burnett / Crawford 2002, pp. 55-56.27 Gabrici 1900, p. 654. However, in the case of Pietrabbondante all the

series are represented. 28 As to the silver, it has been also supposed, on the grounds of the hoard

of San Martino in Pensilis, that the series of Suessa, Teanum and Cales are slightly later than the Neapolitan issues with ΙΣ: cf. Burnett 2006, pp. 42-43.

29 Although the symbols on the piece cannot be read, the weight of 4.06 grams confi rms such an hypothesis. The weight is close to that observed by Taliercio for the series IVd (HN 595) in which, in at least two examples, the value of 3.98 g and 5 g is recorded, with an average weight of 2.43 grams and a diameter of about 12-16 mm, that falls close to the example examined here, that is 20 mm. On the contrary the series Neapolis IIIb or HN 590 presents a weight of 1.89 g and a diameter of 10-13 mm.

30 Crawford 1985, p. 39.

TABLE 2. Pratica de Mare hoard.

Aes rude 3

Roma (‘aes Signatum’) (1 HN 257) 2

Aesernia o Compulteria HN 431 o 437 2

Compulteria o Suessa o Neapolis HN 437 o 450 o 589 o 590 1

Suessa HN 450 6

Neapolis HN 569 1

HN 583 1

HN 589 1

HN 595 1

Samnium Southern Latium and Northern Campania

25

Messana Särström 1940, pp. 70-3 1

In particular, when the two hoards are compared (Tables 1-2), some similarities in their com-position can be observed. First of all, HN 590 and HN 450 are the only common series. At Pietrab-bondante, the coins of the third series of Neapolis seem to present a different state of wear. Some of them seem to be worn out, while others, namely those produced by overstriking on the earliest Campanian issues,25 seem to be in a better state, thus indicating that the interment must have hap-pened not much later than the overstriking. This can therefore be dated after 263 BC, between 260 and 250 BC.26 Finally, one should point out that, as in the deposit of the Samnium area, in the Latium deposit the series of Suessa HN 450 also appear to be ‘little used and numerous’,27 conse-quently the most recent.28

Therefore, our hoard could be of the same period as that of Pietrabbondante or maybe slightly later, if the item from Neapolis with inscription Neapolitōn on the reverse does actually belong to the fourth series of Neapolis/29 Should this assumption be true, the lack of the type with the horse head could once more reinforce Burnett’s hypothesis based on the little hoard of Pietrabbondante; so the issue of such pieces should fall around 255-250 BC, considering that, at the beginning of the fourth series of Neapolis, the piece itself had probably not been struck yet. Therefore, RRC 17 should not be related to the building of the fl eet of 260 BC30 but, perhaps, to the supplies allocated during the following ten years.

If the reconstruction here proposed is correct, the hoard of Teano (Table 3), found in a land-slip, that likewise includes the earliest issues and the third series of Neapolis, but also presents as

MARIA CRISTINA MOLINARI836

many as two Roman bronze coins with Athena / horse head, should be considered, at the time of its deposition, even more recent than that of Pratica.31

TABLE 3. Teano hoard.

Roma HN 278Minerva / Head of horseRRC 26/4*

2+1?

Cales HN 436Apollo / Man-faced bull

2

Teanum HN 455Apollo / Man-faced bull and Victory

1

HN 456Mercury / Man-faced bull

1

Neapolis HN 567-570Apollo / Forepart of man-faced bull

1

HN 577-578, 582, 584-585Apollo / Man-faced bull

32

HN 581triobol

1

HN 589-590Apollo / Man-faced bull and Victory

1

Canusium HN 657,Obol

1

Posidonia HN 1171 1

* Occurrence recorded by Vitale 1998, p. 268, note 89.

Finally, two conclusions can be put forward: the fi rst is that, as already pointed out by Bur-nett,32 the small scale and intermittent nature of the Roman struck coinage before the fi rst Punic War is confi rmed. The second is that our case demonstrates that a ‘pre-coin’ notion is still involved in the production of Rome, here represented only by shapeless or fragmentary bronze. Such an aspect shows that the value was still established by the weight of metal and that the notion of coins had not fully developed yet.33

31 Cantilena 1997, p. 257, who instead dates this hoard to 270 BC, also on the grounds of the pottery container. It must be noted, however, that according to Vitale 1998, p. 268, note 89, a bronze RRC 26/4 is also attested.

32 Burnett 1998, p. 35.33 Parise 2000, pp. 60-61, has stressed the need to consider such elements

in defi ning the modalities of transition from ‘pre-coin’ societies to coin-using societies.

A HOARD OF BRONZE COINS OF THE THIRD CENTURY BC FOUND AT PRATICA DI MARE (ROME) 837

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Burnett, A. (1977), ‘The coinages of Rome and the Magna Graecia in the late fourth and third centuries BC’, SNR 56, pp. 92-121.

Burnett, A. (1989), ‘The beginning of Roman coinage’, AIIN 36, pp. 33-64.

Burnett, A. (1998), ‘South Italian coinage in the early third century’, in: Atti del X Convegno del Centro Internazionale di studi Numismatici – Napoli 18-19 giugno 1993, Roma, pp. 13-47.

Burnett, A. (2006), ‘Refl ections on the San Martino in Pensilis Hoard’, RN 162, pp. 37-50.

Burnett, A. / Crawford, M. (1998), ‘Overstrikes at Neapolis and coinage at Poseidonia-Paestum’, in: Ashton, R. / Hurter, S. / Le Rider, G. / Bland, R. (eds.), Studies in Numismatic Method in Memory of Martin Jessop Price, London, pp. 55-57.

Caccamo Caltabiano, M. (1992), ‘Fonti Numismatiche’, in: Nenci, G. / Vallet, G. (a cura di), Bibliografi a Topografi ca della Colonizzazione Greca in Italia e nelle Isole Tirreniche, Messina- Monte Sannace 10, Pisa-Roma, pp. 12-16.

Cantilena, R. (2000), ‘La monetazione di un centro campano alleato di Roma,Rifl essioni su Te-anum’, in: Kluge, B. / Weisser, R. (eds.), XII Internationaler Numismatischer Kongress Berlin 1997, Akten,

Crawford, M.H. (1985), Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic, Cambridge.

Crawford, M.H. (2002), ‘Provenances, attributions and chronology of some early

Italian coinages’, Coin Hoards IX, London, pp. 269-74.

Fenelli, M. / Guaitoli, M. (1990), ‘Nuovi dati degli scavi di Lavinium’, QuadAEI 19, pp. 182-93.

Gabrici, E. (1900), ‘Pietrabbondante. Ripostiglio di monete di bronzo antiche della Campania, proveniente dal territorio di Bovianum Vetus’, NSA 1900, pp. 645- 56.

HN3 = Rutter, N.K. et al. (2001), Historia Numorum. Italy, London.

Kent, J.P.C. (19882), ‘Interpreting coin fi nds’, in: Casey, J. / Reece, R. (eds.), Coins and the Ar-chaeologist, 2nd. edn., London, pp. 201-17.

Marchetti, P. (1993), ‘Numismatique romaine et histoire’, in: Cahiers du Centre G. Glotz IV , pp. 25-65.

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