---- J 1 r - 1 fj?'-; .

I-. Ir+-.--_l__-

CONTENTS.

2 , ;?,"itb+:5a1*

2, ",2-.@ ,In They Kriqw ----?*)

3. r;-~rr,~u... 12 1 7 C m p at tC tlbarry? By .I. S . C a r r ~ > L l .

h , S;~ ' I~B .+: - ; : . i t i z n C: t - 1 ~ ~ 1 P i l l a r Sitonon cf K i l r n s a a n t y .

4 , T h ) j ~ g t ~ r , * - p f V;,i:trP^cr~l Farm. By ''bn M c C S - E ~ ~ - \ J .

5 719 1.1 t.Pk31-y of ES w:!.l-x-furd Farm, (c(mtinucr1 f .

!. . AqkhC V&k%k tn 8~ f @~cyar i? , Lerly Lana. ~y J r hn Hl;np.e.

* t e A w~ $4 'b Afcki~mi ( 1 ) Charterr. By T o m Ryan.

W. .; lFIip ~u the A a w ! r l v e a . (cantiriuerl).

9 . Pr. P a u l Sherlack 5, J. By K. Kstfy,

00. " 'h id I ~ C W DG They Know-.*--? " , (cc;n tinudCl ..

CONTENTS.

I

I E D I T O R X f i L .

The purpose of this p i l o t issua Is to t e s t the dblnaml for a magazine 'that rill give an outlet t e current research on the hietorL u f w~ter fo ' rd Ciey ahd hinterland. In t h i s i s s u e we have appealed to aa wide R range of historical interests as p o s s i b l e . Futrlrn dcvolopmont depends an respona to t h i s .

Ye would sugeest the f o l l o w i n , g as future i .otc?ntiol ' for the magazine1

As a forum f o r research, questions, snippets, C U T ~ O S , etc. As a means of interesting youth in Local l l istory thruu'gfi relating some of the articles %othcir Intarmediate and Loaving History Coursee.

( c ) As a atirnulus to investigs?; oninto the many aspects of. Waterford ' m history, including F o l k l o r e , that llovs hitherto had no o u b ~ o ' t .

X f you See1 theaa a i m s are varth achieving, l e t us know. ,If you have any other recomqmndations, do p l e a a e contact one of us, Most important perhaps, if you have done or are conducting an in~eati~ation in to any aa- pect of Watsrford history, ylonae lot us k n o w - it's you w e depend on to rupply us with questions, opinions or disertntions,

If w e hear from enough of you WQ s l ~ o u l d bc? able t b publish' a ~ f n : in the, l a t e spring, and w i l l send eopie8'to members of the O l d Waterford Society, Non-cnornbers m a y join. far:'1976 by remitting a more S1.50 t o Miss K. Kelly, Bela V i a t a , ~rieat~s'$o$cl, Tromorc. For t h i s thuy will g c t n o t i c e of meetings and outinge of,, thc: S o c i e t y , which t h e y are. of coursn entitled to attend; O.W.S. magazinu "DECIES"; and tho nnnunl.jdurnn1 of' tho O + W . S . , e d i t e d by thc Chairman, Mr. J , J . Wnlshk..

and C l . j4O for rnomburvhip lion t .rcns t c r

"AND f I O r i DO THEY KNOW ----- . 3 1 :

What w o a UntorforA l i . fe in tllu mid-e ightc!c~i l : tr cbntury? Mr. IieyLin went 'ro look at n contemporary painting i n tho City H a 1 1 anti c!onfirinr:cl his imp- .-essiona F-W- Stn i th i& 1746 a c c o u n t of W;it sr ford . Haw d i d Waterford p r i e s t s nanago in pest-Noformation Europe? Miss.Kclly traces thi* t h r o u ~ h k h ~ 2areer of Fr. SherlocY, ds inc as sources a r t i c l e s from tho l r i s h Eccles- iastical Pecord , frow n' \JaicrSord News of 1320, frum I fatorford and South '

East A r c h o u l ~ ~ i c n l Journal and from n lcttor in her possessi .on&

Mr. ~arboll, iookinp; ot an C!rdnonca Survey Plnp of 1640 ucmcler~d about g' ~trange a~t156f i n a a r Fiva Cross Roads, hskad questions 1ornll.y and1 consu l toc :anon P ~ w r ' ~ , L F k e w i s o , Sean and Sheila Murphy, 'puael.ed about i s o l a t e d star

s to i !oS id their i d c : l l i t y , consulted atnndarrl nrc l rco lo~ i - ra l t c t -hook&, ~(hecked r i i t i i U f d r i a ~ b u mdt)B and uncovrrod l o ca l t r a d i t i u z t s . ( inc idental ly , they t h e r n ~ ~ l v t ) a knve n t r a a d y provided in exccllont sour(:@ f o r p r e s c t ~ t and future l o c a l l l iatarianr in the ir t w ~ b o o k l e t s , "The Comoraghs - pnbt onrf, ~arnine " ) .

ANCIENT CHURCHES IN EAST WATERFOHD . CROOKEt In thia edition I propose to dral b r i 6 ' f l y w i t h the church at Crooke. ~ r . ' ~ ~ ~ o n o v s m was puzzled by t h i s m~fnc?. My own guass is t h a t i t i s not a Gaelic name.

The church building was monastic and pertained to tho acljnining procept- ory of Knights Templars . Res ido the church is a w e l l known ns St, John's well. Tho church w a s probnbly d e d i c a t e d to S t . thc Thpt i s t .

This church l a seventy i ' ive fsot in length axad twenty ono f e e t w i d e ; 3t had a nave and choir and w a s .tho largoat church in the Barony. T h e w a . 1 1 ~ are 'approximately t w o f ee t thick, The !hst qnble contains three Lancet uindbws of early English type. The contrc window is nine k c t h igh on the inside of the ruin. There is one low Gothic w i n d o w i . 1 t he South w n l . 1 . A

.-l d ~ n ~ about one f o o t nine inches can bc scrn about four f e e t from the East' gable.

The doorway was in the South wall, Res ide it is a moat unusual holy water fbnt 'fcnned from a single block of stone about t u n and a h a l f feet

I long.

There are some indications of the existetlcc of n small tower in the

I 3r th e a s t corner. Thc church must be in ruins for near ly three hundred years now, .as a tomb boars. the d a t e 1710.

I Local tradition pointa t o n stone sornc i i v o reoi f r o m tho centrnl h igh ~ i n d o w in the East gable, which is said to 1n.3rk the rusting plnco of the Croppy Boy (which one, if any?) ~f 1798 fami . !

What arc? p i l l a r s t o n u s ? In b r i e f uc don' t know. Thc romalns of f i ve ~f them a t i l l s x f s t in this pariah, Snmo m.ay br. t he remains of d r u i d i c stone efrclcs; . others nay nintp l y bt: uninsrrihr~tl G r w c m;lrli.nL.& from nncten t i m p s , , wlintpver fha , or ig ins , they are s t i l l rognrrlod with n ' cortlin owe around ~ i l r o s s a h tr parish.

T h y a is whicb was a ised hbbae

one,, f o r fnstanca, near thc T)=111L,yzn bx i r lgo on the blnurna road ;rtopping paint for funcrals up t o khe introduction of motor- s. It etnnds 8 ' high *md is markod on 0 . S. maps as all&"

[ the woxd most used in Waterford for p i l l a r a t o m ) . How it was mnnow- ersd into position ar it$ original function, m u s t romain h i d d e n i n %he, pasit . '

In nearby ~Grrnun stancis another such stone Icnowm CLS the ''Fear Breige" ((tho false rnnn), prcsumnbly bccntno uf its r t?sunhln l lcc tx~ -1 human figure a t ~ d i n g a e n t h o l on t h c l ~ i l l s i d c r . So prominent was it, khnt in 1921 the T.R.A,, unnffcctod by l o c n l superstitions, knuckod it dawn ns i t provided $00 h d y il lmdrnnrk.

In the gap of thr mountain known 3 s Bonrnn na M a A r a nro khrca pillar 's%bheb which m a y wolL h m o formad n circle. Hcrc t a l i , funernla usod t o M l \ t ' a n d ' a story; is isti l l to ld of thc traveller in the earky sightoan '

hundred6 whose ,corpse was found huddled at thc ffm$ of ons of tho atones.

No p k t i c u l a r ca tor ias attach to the other two stones, A largo one i'urthor nbr t3 i s called ''Slncfl Phadrnie Mhoirri , and n smaller' hrs in Ash- tswn'hncs '30 rscorffed ,rtamc.

( . - tfic fL3..*: 19 q ~ . - t l r l r i !;ding that ijf Mr. T c m b l c G r n t l 1 , G c o r p s t - v w n , ill.).

' L C : L O 1 1 - t v l b4:c.n succci.rlcd i j y Iris st n JnLin, w h u ,<:Is hangad ;i i r e c 4 % : ! I i t r 1650 by C r { m w c l l iuul his f : ~ i i ~ i l y inn-

1shec-I t o C ~ t l n a u ~ n t in ~ d 5 0 . Seven y v n r s L:I tc-r I~uwot-pr , I:t.i~r*gcs t o w n was ~'es tored 1 n i h u family uu(l.:r tie: i i c t J t ~ f Si: t, t l \ -nwn t . ~ r l c t l?rpl i l l l .~ : i I ? I I , :tnd V:IR i n h d ~ i l t , ( l h y . i t l l m I ' o w . . ~ ( ju.1 iq. r ) .

1 1 1 17;9' y , * i . I I ~ ~ ) + ! I ~ * I - J, , \ I I , I J0~#( :1 * 1 1 1 I I ( I ) W T I S L i l t ~ . L S I . ( 1 1 . i 1 1 4 - ~ ~ 1 ; i ~ . 1 i r l i ,

~ ~ t a ~ j ~ a f i * ~ ~ ~ ~ 0s t 1 1 4 % ~ 'C>WC' I "S :: 1' G c ? c ~ rb?;.t:s t rrkrll .

This l o s t John Power's sister, Fiargarot, hfid rn.lrri.ctl in 1738 a James Barren of Carrigbarrahan and their son P i a r c c ( "of t h rock") Barren oventunlly inherited Guorgestown i n 1782. When P i e r c e ' s scrond son, ~ o h n married a Mary Maddock nbaut 1788, hc was ,qiven G u o r ~ ~ c ? s t n w n . H e then apparently d e c i d e d to b u i l d h i m a o l f ,-! n c w h o u s e , ( tht! PI-csvrttl'Gcorgestom Housef1), about s hundred yards e a s t of the- 1627 house, . r . . ; wc*ll as a large f n r m houso f o r his agent: a l i t tw tu t,hc n o r t h . Ilc ( J u h n ~ a r r o n ) borrowoc &4,000 f o r ' these b u i l d i n g s but had to bc sued il? 18011 by William Grant of ~oodatov'h . f o r the return of the money. J o h n Drrrron had clther f i n n n c i a l worries alad because one of the conhi t i o n s 1 1 I* h i s f . l t h ~ . r ' : c inheritance was t h a t an annuity of C l f j O p,:t . ' s h o u l d hi- paid t o the I'i,wr*r- fpgni ly .

These problorns ho possatl on C c l h i s s u n J.lrnc.a I l : l r * r u ~ ~ w h t ) ttllcd mound . , 1831 i n hi3 early f o r t i o n w i t h o ~ t a son. His daughter k t h c r i n e inherited the farm, and married Jnrnos Sherlock Ilnrpcr. Dogp:d by f innt lc ia l d i f f i c - u l t i e s they mortg::_:,?d th* farm in 11261 f o r C4,8QO t o Iprtwnrd narden, who in turn aold i t to G d w r i r ~ i K e l l y of tho Aclo l .p ld I l o t c l , I 1 n t ~ ' r f o r r l . I ,

Cotherine must have been childloss as she l e f t the fnrm io n cousin, John Marcus ~ a r r b n (who was rnarriod t o a Mary Barron of ~ u n ~ n r v a n ! ) Job and Mary l i v e d in Gaorgestown until 1873. Edward Kel ly meanwhile had the mortgage. Tho houso than lay empty and E l 5 0 p.a. had s t i l l to be paid t o n Richard Power, AC t l z j s stage the son of Dnrron's solicitor, a land vnluer who was interoqtscl in horses, d e c i d e d to buy Cet)rgcstown fnrm for h i m s e l f and gave Richard Pbwer E2,200 f or the annuity in 1890. He had t o w a i t n furthor two years bafare Edward Kolly's m o r t g a g c b c c m o offic- ial q~mershig and Edward s o l d it t o him. C o i n c i d e n t l y , hr: tau was a Kally - ~ichard Henry. -

I I ,

And so, in 1892, after one hundred years u f logal 31~i - l f i n a n c i a l d i f f - i c u l t y the l .md and t w p houses passed out of thq hnnris of' t h c PowGra and' Bnrrona, into. the possesnion of Richard 11. K c l l y , this larid v:ilucr. Here he l i v u d for 30 y n n r s , b t l i ld ing a t : ~ h l t t a and fences, n a k r i b l L :IS draining the land. He never married so that. in 1322 the farm w c n t L c b his married sister's fami ly (Stcphnnsans of Cnrrick-on ~uir). 1 1 1 1927 h i s mortgaged it to tho Nation21 B a n k , which s o l d must of' it t t , I t ichorl McGrat of Moylan in 1929, IIe.. nrouatf i n t o . the fnrnr house s i l l i n f : Gccq:rasr,own House . - - and aoms acres around it to Lord Williom'I3erc!sforv~ i l l 1931. H i s s i ~ t o r , ~ Lady P a k r i c i a H ~ U C s k i l l lives t h c r c , while tho p r # : s . . n t url tcr , a nophew o f R&q.jlgrq McGrath farms " G c o r p s town F n r r r ~ " .

- -, Tom M c G r a t h .

In the counc i l ehnmbcr t l f tho r i f y H n l l hnntp n scvon f u o t r-mvas - an oil painting of the Vntcrford of 1796 pnintvcl by onc Johann Van i lc H a ~ c n . From 'an artisitc and his tur ic+dl pbint O F v iow, i t is parhiips one o f the most valuable paintin~s in the municipality. Tho !artist, a Dutchmnn,. yor c6mmisaiont.d by the City Fathers to portray our city " V a r t s & 'all". The pic ture ia aornoYhxt idoalized,but enables ua t o f o r m a rnthur gaud i d e a of tho Waterfortl of thzt day.

Those were tho so called spacious days, though o u r c i t y w a s anything -but apacioua. The many house8 lxy fhick-set w i t h i n the c i t y walls .and were they arranged even according t o modern town planning, would -take up an aroa four times as large. 'It w i l l holp us tn rcn l i z c t h i s b e t t a r if wo r e m e m b e r that n I.~LP/=G block of building8 f i l l ed thc? preescnt Anrronstrar ,,and Broad S t r a e t s . The opon apace nt th2 A p y l c Mnrkc~t was occupicd by mcongcriea u f t-.emonts. Another wadgo shnpcc! block stcrorl at thc junction ,of Patr ick and Stephon St roa t ; Thc proaont Alc.xmcicr Strcc*t had crnce n rango of houses up its m i d d l o , hs a l s o had J o h n S t r e e t .

F r ~ n l c I l u y l i r i .

-stin& inscr ip t ion :-

In digging thm trinl ho les we came u n i t h i c k structure a h u u t 2 ' below ground which nt first l o o k c d like thc! covc?rinp, o f : I c t ~ l v r t r t , but further investigation showed t h a t i t was l i m i t c t l l i n r ? x t o r l t . A hole was excavated at one end to about 2 ' below the crmn of t h c brick- work just barely b i g enough to a l l o w n person t b climb i n b a c k w a r d s , into what appeared t o br # ? b u r i a l v a u l t .

The entrance wasn about 3 ' 4 " w i d c hrxt wr.c?n mason r-y w - 1 1 1 s and led in to a lnrge chamber approximately 1 3 ' lr.n[:, 1 1 ' v i d u and perhaps 9 ' t o the c r o m of the vault. A t the 'far rnd there w; i s :I smaller aul t about 9 ' x 5 and to one s f d e rgf the u.ntr:ir~cc to t h i s +ma1 ler v:~u .t could be seen what appcnrod to be :-I tomb with parts of :I s k e 1 e t . m s t i l l In place.

The entrance passage had bnnn t ' i l l o r l i r ~ with r-ubbli? and rnhbish which had enterod the large vnul t. l e a v i q : t .ho surface fo thc! rubble sloping down to the f l u o r . Them was about E r 6 " o f w a t e r in the vault ancl un'derneath~eould be seen the rornrlios (if at l o . l s t c o f f i n s and some scattered bones. Tho water w n s w r y clear and :I sample taken was found t o be o n e u f t hn purest ever t t ~ s C ~ \ d by tho l r ~ c r ~ l I!cal t h Authority-

It seemed that n t 0n3 t i m e it I I ? ~ b ~ ~ ~ r i ~ l p e n , w i t h possibly n f l i g h t of s t e p s Lendin@ dctwn t r l i t , -3nd L!I~-II, p ~ s s i b l ~ well' ( ~ v e r :I

hundred yeera agi , n wall had bccn dcrnc11ishc:d nnrl Lhrown i ~ l t b tha . passage and a new w a l l b u i l t ( t h i s wall has in; its *urn bgun remuvsd and a c o n c r e t e block w t . 1 1 built on i t s s i t , \ ) .

A D I P $N .THE ARCHIVES Ip;trt 1 )

survived, but tho first. s k i n s u f r! ~ ~ u r n t x ? x . t t T them (Ch:lr les 1, Henry

v i i , .Hanry v i i i , .Phillip, Mary. Eliznhc t l l 1 , . tc. )-- s r d m c b o i l u t i f - - ully i l luminated with portraits .PI; the gr2nt1,rs - are trrl permnncnt

exhibiticn s i.%e "155 in R c g i n x l r l 's T,,wt! 1 .

One of the Chartars, that of Charles 1, was j u s t l y cnlled t h e

Great cr G~verning Charter in ss far as it rczgulatee tho a f f a i r s uf

the City frm 1626 tu the passage in 1840 of t h e ~ u n i c i ~ n l Curpur-

n t i o n A c t . It contains 3 must panc,rnmic insight i n t o the 8 l i f e and

tins. of centuries - a ~ o Watorford; and (xt n p e r i o d f o r & s t uf

which lucnl gbvernrnent ;is it is understaod ti-day did no t e x l a t )

containa procise, detnilod, far-ranging prtviuions f o r the orgpn-

i sat ion of n f f a i r s in tho C i t y .

The 1626 Chwtor {;pens with nn abbreviated rccitutiun ef previous

royal Grants, after whAch Charles, with "*rtjyal cnnsir lerat iun, fore-

seeing these and many other things, o u t of tur zapocial grace and

certain k n ~ r w l e d g e and mere mot ir,ntfgoes c,tz t*. " w i & l " , "urdain:"'gr:tnt "

and " s p p ~ i n t " as #required by .tho s i tur l t i ons , 'circumst~ncea then

following.

The t Lty - which, by the wily , ? s n r c s u l t r , f w i t h d r a w l try James

uf the earl ior Charter pr'clvisions, is clcscribcd in the pr.~-.nntbJt? ns

hnving "decayed f n ~ m its c?ncient f lourishint: condit i u n " - w : ~ s rc-

ccmst i tuted ns n F r e e City by thc namc ,>C thi! ' C ~ ~ u n t y uf t h w City

Fr. ~ A U L SHL;StLOCK S . J . -.

Tn the seventeenth century daterford men were prominent in tha I r i s h Colloges of Spain, France and Ttaly. Thoy cnmo u f well-known merchant f v i l i a s ;old wcro, in many cases, W l n t W l ilno tu another. Fr. Paul' S h c ~ l o c k w a s une of thcso. I i i s f a t h e r , hJnmes Sherlock of ~ ~ l l ~ d n v ' i d , was marricd to Margurat , L e y or L e t t , and w;ls t h e son and successor 'of 'James [ s f Craccdiou.

A l s o , in the iatcr &ii+t &the s ixteenth and rb:jrLy scventuonth c~nturies the South-East of Irelnrrrt,lmrl .a vcry f i n c c l n s s i c n l . tr-ad- . ition of etlucntic;n. P b t o r Wlaitn, n 'Wntcrfocr! man, in h i s nativc city, and l a t o r i in K i l k c n n y , John Flrrlry of V a L t ~ r c ~ c j r ' c l , anct b b o r t Saul of C'ashol were among the 8 ~ ~ c c c s s f u l m n s t . e r s t ~ f thc: pcr*ic)c l . Thorc was ae well a notable achnul at Clomncl wherc Bbnnvsnturc B a r v n began his educat ion. Thu su masters prepared many future s ch t> lar s , prr~fessors and administrators fur the Irish c o l l e c e a ::brr:.?d.

So tbore m a no m y s t ~ ~ r i a u - r praces.sih., i r l v o l v r ~ ~ ' i.1 u n c ~ ) v c ~ r i n { ~ t h g h p a s t of a l o c a l i t y , and t h e m are r c a l l y nra 'lauthoritii~sl' in 1oo:;l hiatory. Ilonce wo invite anyonc who has . Iny unpubl L ~ I I C I ' loc:.r 1 infnrm- ation t o submit it t o us, tktt it rn7y h.. r r . r t , r r l e c 4 buforr: i t is for- gotten. Much of such published imfurmntinli as is n v : ~ i l ~ i b l o , ' is in the .atanEarr' h i s t o r i e s &>f Yntcrf'orl' (by Srnitlk, i t r : L(pn and ~owne~')) 'in Canon P r l w u r r s two hooks; i inr l in tht. " V i l t c r l ' t ~ r r l nrlc' South East Archeological Journal Is. While- it i7 difficult to buy these

a now, they m a y be cenaultod in the Refsrencc Zoom in thc C i t y Library.

' \ In addition t c theae thu County Library j n Sisrnorc h a s . a p o d s c l b c t i o n : of pamphl~?tsnn various aspects fo i fntcrf i .rd's history.

v i s i t to Dublin is necessary fcr t h ~ s t ? wh{, wish 1-0 c't>nsult (.he other m a j r j r sources. I n Chc National Library, for inst:mcc., on12 may coneult tho census fi-urea-for Vatcrforc! gr,in,: back t o 1821, or t h e ~ublished d e t a i l - s of omorsh ip of land in thc mid-nintoenth century f r o m Griffithfs prima y Valuation. Even m L r e useful, perhaps, n r c the largely manuscript c4ccurnents unmthe nine m i l e s o f shol-vinp: i n the Public R e c ~ r c ! Office, but i t is d i f f i c u l t ti, know just w h a t tu nsk f o r . Here one rnxy fin? d e t a i l s o f land-ownership nnd confiscation in each parish c!urinp the C r o m w e l l i m Plantation from thc nown Survey4 and- Mapa, or the reports uf Chc Famine R e l i e f C a m i t t o e s f ~ r c a c h district, for instance. Photccopies c ~ f m a n y c f t h c a u Ire n v n i l i i b l c f,:r the use r . f teachera i n tho ~ c a c h a r ' s Contrc the Fizll. C9pics Of the i ~ . ' e x t c ~ them are available cjn rcquest, I

i I

Here are some s n i p p o t s from t t w T n n c h ~ r ' s C u ~ ~ t r t - c : , l l e c t i on :- ( a ) from tho Bcok of Postinca and S,: - 0 s ; # O n J L n u 1 6 t h 1703 c'nptaln W, Harrison bought 282 I r i s h ncrcs ( i . c 5 5 0 s t n t u t c a c r e s npprox. ) in Whitestown ("In the Parish u f M o t t l ~ --- Pistant I r d m 'Jaterfcrrl 9 miles * fcr E240. Tho l p r o v i ~ u s owner, Wnl tc . Galway, hsr! fortcited th1.s land bepause of h i a aup$brt f o r Kine Jnmc j . Tt is c'escriboca as "~l.rable

plus nix cabins. an* c o n i ~ s pa~turo', w i t h t w o t~nnnt r a m ~ i s ( ~ u h n rant -nil Charles

. . (b) from Appendix to tho second Report f n ~ m the C o m m i s n i . . n r l r r . . F. Ir i sh Educatl~n Inquiry, 1826 ; before the intrurluct iun .lf National Scheclls t h e ~ e w e r e x l ready no less than 30 s c h c t ~ I s c . - ~ t u r i n p f o r c v o r 1400 in the parish o f Trinity-Without alone. 3y f:lr the l ~ r p s t cf theae . was Edmund Rice ' 8 Mount S i o n with 12 tsaclicrs and 6 5 0 p u p i l s , deucribcd

r i c k Power ' a "rla.tel! huusa; m i g h t ccst S60 "whcro 121 Rrmm Cdtholics as "storm, limo and s l n t e r l j c o s t L2.400". Thc o thers r n n ~ e E f r cm P a t - ' 1 pdd from Zd tc 7 C w e e k l y , tu Mary Faulknor's X6 where f 0 girl8 and 3 bbya were tctught f u r o And s-hat do' ycu m&u of this?

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