7-Basics of Interactive Reporting -Selection Screens

ITB258 - ABAP Programming

Lecture 6

Basics of Interactive Reporting

Selection Screens

ITN258 - ABAP Programming

Lecture 6

Basics of Interactive Reporting

Selection Screens

Objectives
To introduce readers to Interactive Reporting
what are interactive lists

basic & secondary lists

the HIDE statement

event control

AT LINE-SELECTION

SY-LSIND

AT PF

AT USER-COMMAND

system fields for secondary lists
To introduce the reader to concepts associated with the creation and use of Selection Screens in ABAP reportsthe SELECT-OPTIONS statementSelection tables Formatting the selection screenSelection texts, Lines, Comments, Frames, the PARAMETERS statementRadio button groups, Checkboxesexecuting reports with Variants

Interactive Reporting

Non-Interactive Reporting

Non-interactive reporting involves the production of static lists. Here the user is forced to accept the level of detail provided on the list and often must wade through a lot of uninteresting pages of data to get to the data that is relevant.
2.unknown


Interactive

List

Secondary

List

Report

Transaction

Interactive reporting on the other hand can be used to present summary detail at the highest level and allow th e user to drill down interactively, online, to see more detailed information.

Further interactive reporting allows the user to spawn other reports or to start dialog programs from the current report.

Interactive reporting is a common application in ABAP.

Non-Interactive vs
Interactive Lists
Non-Interactive
static structure

single, extensive and detailed list

user searches through the list to find the relevant parts
Interactive
user selectively retrieves and presents data

select lines, enter commands from menus, function keys or pushbuttons, type input

detailed information presented in secondary lists

ability to call transactions or other reports

Interactive Reports are
Event Driven

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

*Basic List

START-OF-SELECTION.

GET

END-OF-SELECTION.

TOP-OF-PAGE.

END-OF-PAGE.

*Secondary Lists

AT LINE-SELECTION.

AT USER-COMMAND.

AT PF.

TOP-OF-PAGE DURING

LINE-SELECTION.

As with other report programs in ABAP interactive reports are event driven. As well as the events associated with static reports there are a set of events used to display the secondary lists.

The Basic List
output of the data created while processing either
START-OF-SELECTION

GET
by default a basic list has a standard page header
if TOP-OF-PAGE / END-OF-PAGE event occurs

system writes data to page header / page footer and then displays basic list data on the output screen
system field SY-LSIND = 0
The Basic list is the initial list displayed by an ABAP program. The data displayed in the basic list comes from select statements in the START-OF-SELECTION event or GET statements in the GET events.

Basic lists have a standard page header. If TOP-OF-PAGE and/or BOTTOM-OF-PAGE events are coded the list header and footer are produced from here.

The system variable SY-LSIND keeps track of the current list level. At the basic list level SY-LSIND has a value of 0. When the user drills down to a lower level the value of SY-LSIND is incremented. As the user moves back up the levels towards the basic list the vale of SY-LSIND is decremented.

Secondary Lists
basic list + up to 20 secondary lists can exist in parallelon moving to (next) secondary list
current list added to memory area

SY-LSIND incremented by one
using back or exit
logically superior list is displayed again

SY-LSIND decremented by one
no standard heading for secondary lists

Basic

List

SY-LSIND = 0

1. Secondary

List

SY-LSIND = 1

2. Secondary

List

SY-LSIND = 2

3. Secondary

List

SY-LSIND = 2

choose

choose

choose

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

WRITE: / Basic List.

AT LINE-SELECTION.

CASE SY-LSIND.

WHEN 1.

:

WHEN 2.

:

WHEN 3.

SY-LSIND = SY-LSIND-1.

:

This slide illustrates the use of SY-LSIND in controlling the list level. The normal system behaviour is to increment the value of SY-LSIND when the user double clicks on a list line and to decrement SY-LSIND when the user moves towards the basic list level (by clicking on the Green Arrow Back icon).

The AT LINE-SELECTION event has been used here to detect the user double clicking on a list line (the method used to drill down to a lower list level).

In order for the program to know which level to display a CASE statement which tests the value of SY-LSIND is used.

Note that in the block of code for WHEN 3 the program manipulates the value of SY-LSIND itself. The code subtracts one from the current value of SY-LSIND. When the user clicks on the Green Arrow Back icon the system will further decrement the value of SY-LSIND and the user is returned to list level 1. This is useful when we do not want to make the user have to backtrack through each higher level of the list to return to the basic list.

Page Headers for Secondary Lists
On secondary lists
system does not display a standard page header

does not trigger the TOP-OF-PAGE event
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION
triggered for each secondary list

to create different page headers for each secondary list you must program a processing block for each value of SY-LSIND

To produce custom page headers for each level of the secondary list it is necessary to code the TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION event. (The system does not produce page headers automatically for secondary lists.)

A CASE statement should be used to produce the appropriate page header for each list level.

See program ZRAL7001 for an example.

The HIDE Statement

HIDE

stores the contents of in relation to the current output line in the HIDE area

not necessary for to appear on current line

place the HIDE statement immediately after the output statement for

user selection of a line for which HIDE fields are available fills the variables in the program with the values stored

The mechanism that allows drilling down to secondary lists is the HIDE statement.

HIDE stores the contents of in the so called hide area. There is a one to one correspondence between the screen row and the hide area row. When the user double clicks on a screen row the values in the hide area for that row are made available. Thus we can write a select statement for the secondary list along the lines of

SELECT INTO

FROM

WHERE = .

HIDE: .

ENDSELECT.

X

CARRID CONNID CITYFROM CITYTO

AA0016New York Denver

LH0400Frankfurt New York

LH0357 Rome Frankfurt

:

CARRID CONNID

AA0016

LH0400

LH0357

:

HIDE Area

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

GET SPFLI.

WRITE: / SPFLI-CARRID, SPFLI-CONNID

SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO.

HIDE: SPFLI-CARRID, SPFLI-CONNID.

This slide illustrates the one to one correspondence between rows on the screen and in the hide area.

Note that if you do something like sorting the rows on the screen the correspondence between rows on the screen and rows in the hide area is lost. (If you sort rows on the screen make sure to hide the sorted values as well.)

AT Events Processing
AT LINE-SELECTION
processed when user double clicks on a valid line
AT USER-COMMAND
processed when user

presses a function key in the list

makes an entry in the command field

function code stored in system field SY-UCOMM
AT PF
processed when user presses a function key with code PF (in the range 0 to 99)

There are a set of events that can be used to detect a user action in an interactive report.

The AT LINE-SELECTION event is processed when the user double clicks on a line of a list.

The AT USER-COMMAND is triggered when the user clicks on a toolbar pushbuton, makes a selection from a menu, or presses a function key.

The AT PF event is triggered when the user presses a function key with code PFnn where nn is in the range 0 to 99.

The value of the function code selected by the user action is stored in a system variable called SY-UCOMM. The value of this variable is tested in a CASE statement in events processing for the AT USER-COMMAND and AT PFnn events listed above. For AT LINE-SELECTION the value of SY-LSIND is used to determine the appropriate action.

AT LINE-SELECTION

AT LINE-SELECTION

determine what action to take by checking the current list level in the report

code the appropriate action

AT LINE-SELECTION.

CASE SY-LSIND.

WHEN 1.

Select * from Sflight

Where Carrid

WHEN 2.

Select * from Sbook

Where

ENDCASE.

AT USER-COMMAND

AT USER-COMMAND

determine what action to take by checking the current function code value stored in SY-UCOMM

code the appropriate action

AT USER-COMMAND.

CASE SY-UCOMM.

WHEN SORT.

Perform Sort_List.

WHEN DELE.

Perform Del_Record.

ENDCASE.

System Fields & Interactive Reports
SY-CUROW
cursor position (line)
SY-CUCOL
cursor position (column)
SY-CPAGE
number of current page
SY-LSIND
index of the displayed list level
SY-LISEL
contents of the selected line

There are several system variables that are useful when processing interactive lists.

Selection Screens

Selection Screens
Used to allow the user to control the database selections of the report Allows interactive
assignment of values to variables

with the PARAMETERS statement

determine selection criteria for database fields

single values, range of values, sets of values, ...

with the SELECT-OPTIONS statement

The parameters Keyword

PARAMETERS: P1 TYPE P,

P2(6) TYPE C DEFAULT ITB255.

PARAMETERS TYPE [DEFAULT ].

P1

P2

ITB255

Selection Screen

X

Basic Form of select-options

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .

creates a selection table which is attached to database column or internal table field .

the name , like variable names, can be up to 8 characters only

cannot be of type f (floating point)

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS: AIRLINE FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID,

CONN FOR SFLIGHT-CONNID.

multiple selection screen

Multiple Selection Screen

Multiple Selection Screen

icon on the main screen takes the user to the multiple selection screen

allows creation of more complex selection criteria

pushbutton saves an extended selection

the arrow icon on the main screen turns to green indicating that the selection criteria is more complex than shown in the To and From fields

pushbutton allows the user to enter selection criteria that can be excluded from the resulting set

is an internal table with 4 fields

SIGN OPTION LOW HIGH

IEQ

ENE

LT

GT

LE

GE

BT

NB

CP

NP

and Database Selections
If the contains more than one line
form the union of sets defined on the lines that have SIGN = I

subtract the union of sets defines on the lines that have SIGN = E

select the resulting set
If contains only lines with SIGN = E
select all data outside the set specified in these lines

Assigning Default Values to Selection Criteria

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR

DEFAULT [TO ]

OPTION SIGN .

and may be

literals (enclosed in single quotes)

names of fields whose contents should be used as default values

may be one of

EQ,NE,GE,LE,GT,LT,CP,NP for single selections

BT,NB for interval selections

may be either I or E

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS: AIRLINE FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID

DEFAULT AA TO LH

OPTION NB

SIGN I.

Assigning Default Values to Selection Criteria

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.

SELECT-OPTIONS:AIRLINE FOR SPFLI-CARRID,

CONN FOR SPFLI-CONNID.

INITIALIZATION.

MOVE LH TO AIRLINE-LOW.

MOVE UA TO AIRLINE-HIGH.

MOVE I TO AIRLINE-SIGN.

MOVE BT TO AIRLINE-OPTION.

APPEND AIRLINE.

CLEAR AIRLINE.

MOVE 0400 TO CONN-LOW.

MOVE I TO CONN-SIGN.

MOVE EQ TO CONN-OPTION.

APPEND CONN.

Restricting the Selection Screen to One Line

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR NO-EXTENSION .

right arrow does not appear on the selection screen

user cannot access the multiple succession screen

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS AIRLINE

FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID

NO-EXTENSION.

Restricting the Selection Screen to Single Value Selection

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR NO INTERVALS .

TO field does not appear on the selection screen

user can access the multiple succession screen

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS AIRLINE

FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID

NO INTERVALS.

Further Selection Screen Options
NO-DISPLAY
suppresses display of selection screen criterion
LOWER CASE
enables acceptance of upper & lower case letters
OBLIGATORY
makes selection for FROM field mandatory
MEMORY ID
uses default values from SAP memory for FROM field
MODIF ID
assigns fields of a selection criterion to a modification group
MATCHCODE OBJECT
assigns a matchcode object to the FROM & TO fields of a selection criterion

Selection Tables in WHERE Conditions

WHERE IN

is a database column (without a prefix)

is the selection table atached to

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS AIRLINE FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID.

SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT

WHERE CARRID IN AIRLINE.

Checkboxes on the
Selection Screen

PARAMETERS

AS CHECKBOX ...

parameter

is created with type C length 1

options TYPE & LIKE are not allowed

valid values for

are (false) and X (true)

PARAMETERS: A AS CHECKBOX,

B AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT X.

A

B

x

Checkboxes on the Selection Screen

REPORT ZSAPTEST.


SELECT-OPTIONS:SDEPART FOR SPFLI-DEPTIME,

PARAMETERS:CURRENCY LIKE SFLIGHT-CURRENCY,

LUGGAGE AS CHECKBOX.

Dep.Time

Price

to

to

Show Luggage Weight

Radiobuttons on the
Selection Screen

PARAMETERS

RADIOBUTTON GROUP ...

parameter

is created with type C length 1

can use LIKE option but must refer to a dictionary object of type C length 1

string of max length 4

must assign at least 2 parameters to each group

user click on radiobutton

respective parameter is activated, ie, assigned X

only one parameter in each group can be activated

Radiobuttons on the Selection Screen

PARAMETERS: DISCOUNT RADIOBUTTON GROUP R1,

ECONOMY RADIOBUTTON GROUP R1,

BUSINESS RADIOBUTTON GROUP R1,

FIRST RADIOBUTTON GROUP R1

DEFAULT X.

DISCOUNT

ECONOMY

BUSINESS

FIRST

Formatting the Selection Screen
SELECTION-SCREEN statement allows
insertion of texts/comments

underlines

insertion of blank lines
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK
combine logically related fields

draw a box around them using WITH FRAME


SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE

COMMENT

POSITION

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.

REPORT ZSAPTEST.


SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF LINE,

COMMENT 1(11) TEXT-002,

POSITION 33.

PARAMETERS: PRICE LIKE SFLIGHT-PRICE OBLIGATORY.

SELECTION-SCREEN: COMMENT 55(8) TEXT-003,

POSITION 65.

PARAMETERS: CURRENCY LIKE SFLIGHT-CURRENCY OBLIGATORY.

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.


SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP .

leaves blank lines on the selection screen

SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE

draws an underline on the selection screen


SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK

WITH FRAME

TITLE title

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK .

REPORT ZSAPTEST.


SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK SPFLI

WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-001.

SELECT-OPTIONS CARR FOR SPFLI-CARRID DEFAULT LH.

SELECT-OPTIONS CITY FOR SPFLI-CITYFROM

DEFAULT BERLIN.

SELECT-OPTIONS DEPART FOR SPFLI-DEPTIME

DEFAULT 100000 TO 130000.

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK SPFLI.

Formatting Selection Text
default text on the selection screen
PARAMETERS

SELECT-OPTIONS
more explanative text
Text Maintenance Selection Texts

SELECT-OPTIONS BEGIN OF LINE COMMENT ...

Checking the Selection Screen

AT SELECTION-SCREEN

ON

ON RADIOBUTTON GROUP

ON BLOCK

REPORT ZSAPTEST MESSAGE-ID ....


SELECT-OPTIONS SPRICE FOR SFLIGHT-PRICE.

...

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON SPRICE.

IF SPRICE-LOW LT 500.

MESSAGE E001. no flight available at that price

ENDIF.

...

Reports & Variants
Variant
set of values for all parameters and select-options

when a report is executed with a variant the fields of the selection screen are filled with the values of the chosen variant
Creating a Variant
execute the report & fill in the selection screen

GoTo Variants Save as Variant

Enter a name and short description for the variant

Fill in Variant Attributes as required

Save as Variant

Setting Attributes of a Variant
Variant Attributes
protected

only creator can change it

do not display variant
Field Attributes
protected

cannot be changed by the user when the report is run

invisible

does not show the user the parameter/select-options variable

other selection screen items shuffle up to leave no gap

variable

variant field takes the current value of the named variable

variable is defined in the data dictionary

Running a Report With a Variant
Execute the report
Click on the 'Get Variant' button of the selection screen

Select a variant from the next dialog box

System Services Reporting
Click on

select a variant from the next dialog box

SUBMIT USING
SELECTION-SET

Conclusion
non-static view of data for the user

user selectively retrieves and displays data

additional clearly structured information can be presented to the user in secondary lists or windows

up to 20 secondary lists may exist

secondary lists generated by special events

AT LINE-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND, AT PF

SY-LSIND contains index of current list level

Conclusion
Interactive Lists
to save data for the secondary list use HIDE

system stores field names and field contents per line (SY-LISEL)

at an interactive event the values stored in HIDE area are placed back into the original fields

generally better performance through interactive lists

only lines relevant to the user are selected and displayed as they are required

Conclusion
This lecture examined methods of providing the user with some measure of control over database selections via the provision of a selection screenPARAMETERS statement
defines a variable which can hold a single value

AS CHECKBOX

provides a yes/no type selection

RADIOBUTTON GROUP

provides a one of the following type selection

Conclusion
SELECT-OPTIONS
defines an internal table which holds selection conditions

internal table has 4 attributes

SIGN, OPTION, LOW, HIGH

rows of the internal table can be specified

via the DEFAULT clause in the program (one row)

via the INITIALIZATION event in the program (many rows)

dynamically at runtime

Conclusion
selection screen can be formatted with
lines, comments, frames
selection text can be maintained through the Text Attributes screenvariants provide a method of storing commonly used selection conditionsreports can be executed with a variant from the workbench or from a program

Related Reading
Textbook
Ch 3.4 - Interactive Reports
On-Line Help
R/3 LibraryBC..ABAP Workbench

BC ABAP Users Guide

Running ABAP Programs

Directly Executable Programs Executable Reports and Logical Databases

Directly Executable Programs Features and Maintenance of Logical Databases

ABAP User Interfaces

Lists Interactive Lists

Related Reading
Textbook
Ch 3.2 Standard Reports, pp99-112
On Line Help
R/3 LibraryBC ABAP Workbench

BC ABAP Users Guide

ABAP User Interfaces Selection Screens

Working With Selection Screens, Defining Selection Screens, Calling Selection Screens, Using Selection Criteria in Programs, Presetting Selection Criteria in Variants

Pre-Reading
Textbook
Ch 3.4.2 - The User Interface for Lists

defining a GUI status

AT USER-COMMAND

AT PK

7-Basics of Interactive Reporting -Selection Screens

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