4th Generation District Heating Integrating Smart Thermal Grid into Future Sustainable Energy System

GUIDEDED BY Submitted by :PROF:NOWSHAD.A SHIJIN RAJ P

7839E7 B

OVERVIEW

• INTRODUCTION

• PAST OF DISTRICT HEATING

• PRESENT OF DISTRICT HEATING

• 4GDH THE FUTURE

• DESIGNIG FETURES OF 4GDH

• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

• For a better future we need a sustainable energy system

• District heating comprises a network of pipes connecting buildings in a neighborhood, town centre or whole city , so that they can served from centralised plants or distributed heat producing unit

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PAST

1st generation (1883-1930)

• It was introduced in USA

• Steam as heat carriers

• Typical components are steam pipes in concrete ducts, steam traps, and compensators.

• Steam temperature produce substantial losses, accident from steam explosion, and less efficiency

• The main part of heat was delivered by steam condensation in radiators at the consumers

2nd generation (1930- 1970)• System was emerged in 1930 and dominated until

1970s.

• Pressurised hot water as heat carriers

• Supply temperature over 100⁰c.

• Typical components were water pipes in concrete ducts,

large tube-and-shell heat exchangers, and material-

intensive, large, and heavy valves.

• Primary motive of design was to achieve fuel savings

and better comfort by utilising CHP.

PRESENT

3rd generation(1970- on going)

• It was introduced in 1970s

• Pressurised water is heat carrier

• Supply temperature below 100⁰c

• Typical components are prefabricated, pre-

insulated pipes directly buried into the ground,

compact substations using plate stainless steel

heat exchangers, and material lean components

4GDH THE FUTURE

• Primary motive is to transform the society into a future sustainable energy system

• Low temperature(40-50 ⁰ c) hot water is the carriers of heat.

• Efficient management of different grids

• 0 carbon emission world

• Utilization of all available energy

• Designing for 2020

DESIGNIG FETURES OF 4GDH

• Ability to supply low-temperature district heating for space heating and hot water.

• Ability to distribute heat in network with low grid loss

• Ability to utilize renewable heat and recycled heat from low temperature sources

• Ability to be an integral part of energy system

• Ability to ensure suitable planning, cost and motivation structures

Ability to supply low-temperature district heating for space heating and hot water

• 4GDH is the coordination of the performance of different grids and buildings

• Low temperature space heating- the supply temperature ranges form 40c -50 ⁰ c

• Intelligent control of the heating of building and peak saving

• The control based on 24 hour weather forecasting data

Ability to distribute heat in network with low grid loss

• Smart thermal grid with network of pipes and a centralized plant or control. The important features of district heating grid are:

Low temperate network – the distribution temperature is about 50⁰c & return pipe about 20⁰c

Small pipe dimension & better insulation will reduce the loss

Intelligent control and metering of network perfomance.

Ability to utilize renewable heat and recycled heat from low temperature sources

• 4GDH is designed to utilize to use 100% RES and recycled low temperature heat.

• Heat from CHP and waste incineration

• Geothermal heat plant

• Central or local solar heating plants with sesonalstorage.

Ability to be an integral part of energy system

• The system must be designed be able to cope

fluctuating and intermittent nature of RES.

• Active regulation of CHP plants by use of thermal

heat storage

• Integration of large scale heat pumps in CHP

Ability to ensure suitable planning, cost and motivation structures

• Investments in large power stations are replaced by investments in energy conservation and distributed CHP plants

• Integrated strategic infrastructure planning procedures

• Tariffs and cost principles based on long-term marginal costs

SUMMARY

• The technology of district heating was introduced in 1880s

• 4GDH is the coherent technology and concept to transform the present energy system into a sustainable future energy system

• the concept of 4GDH involve coordination of different grids

References:

• 4th generation district heating(4GDH) Integrating smart thermal grids into future sustainable energy system. By Henrik Lund, Sven Werner, Robin Wiltshire, Svend Svendse,, Jan Eric Thorsen, Frede Hvelplund, Brian Vad Mathiesen

• Potentials of power -to- heat technology in district heating grid in germanyBy Diana Bottger, Mario Gotz, Nelly Lehr, Hendrik Kondziella, Thomas Bruckner

• Renewable energy management through microgrid central control design: An approach to integrate solar, wind and biomass with battery. By Zaheeruddin, Munish Manas