4g technology with the wireless mobile adhoc network

8/12/2019 4g technology with the wireless mobile adhoc network

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A PAPER ON

resented byS.MAHALAKSHMI([email protected])

J.ANISHTA([email protected])

B.Tech-IT (2nd year)

SASURIE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VIJ Y M NG L M
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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ABSTRACT THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF 4G

TECHNOLOGY

Soon everyone will have high speed

internet on their cell phones. This will

enable instant access to e-mail and

will allow fast, high quality video

downloads. Moreover, all of these

features will be attainable at a cheaper

cost than current internet service.

Currently 2 Technology !SM", or

second generation technology, is

widely used worldwide for cell phone

networ#s. The problem with 2

technology is that the data rates are

limited. This ma#es it inefficient for

data transfer applications such as

video conferencing, music or video

downloads. To increase the speed,

various new technologies have been

in development. $ne of these, %

technology, is mainly made up of

high-speed wireless networ#s

designed to carry data, rather than

voice or a mi&ture of the two. %

transfers data to and from mobile

devices at broadband speeds ' up

to()) Mbps moving and (bps while

the phone is stationary. *n addition to

high speeds, the technology is more

robust against interference and

tapping guaranteeing higher security.

This innovative technology functions

$rthogonal frequency division

multiple&ing !$/M".

0nli#e the 1 networ#s, which are a

mi& of circuit switched and pac#et

switched networ#s, % will be based

on pac#et switching only !TC*".

This will allow low-latency data

transmission. 3lso we deal with the

%4s 5iMa& technology surviving in

the broadband world of today

urthermore, the use of * to transfer

information will require *v to

facilitate the use of more cell phone

devices.

/uring our presentation, we will give

an overview of the various

generations of mobile device

technologies preceding %. 5e will

focus on the differences between

these technologies and the

improvements and progress made

throughout the years. This description

will be followed by reasons for

development of %. urthermore, we

will discuss the technical aspects of

% and how it functions, as well as

the way it can lead to future

innovations in cellular and

communication technology. 5e will

conclude our presentation with some


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future implications and the possible

evolution of % technology.

INTRODUCTION TO 4G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

There is a great bu66 in the world of

wireless communications. 7veryone

is tal#ing about %. 5hat e&actly is

%, and how will it impact us8

% is 9ust the short acronym for

ourth eneration technology for

mobile communications. % is the

:ne&t; generation technology that will

be used by cellular phone companies

and internet service providers to

deliver superior quality video and

data apart from voice.

*nterestingly, the 1 !third

generation" technology is not yet

operational in most countries. Many

li#e *ndia for e&ample are using the

2.< technologies for mobile or cellphones.

% will be a fully *-based integrated

system of systems and networ# of

networ#s achieved after the

convergence of wired and wireless

networ#s as well as computer,

consumer electronics, communication

technology, and several other

convergences that will be capable of

providing ()) Megabitss and (

igabitss, respectively, in outdoor

and indoor environments with end-to-

end quality of service and high

security, offering any #ind of services

anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost

and one billing.

Wireless Ss!e" E#$l%!i$&

Firs! 'e&er(!i$&= 3lmost all of the

systems from this generation were

analog systems where voice was

considered to be the main traffic.

These systems could often be listened

to by third parties. Some of the

standards are >MT, 3MS, ?icap,

C//, Mobite& and /ataTac

Se)$&* 'e&er(!i$&= 3ll the standards

belonging to this generation are

commercial centric and they are

digital in form. 3round )@ of the

current mar#et is dominated by

7uropean standards. The second

generation standards are SM, i/7>,

/-3MS, *S-A


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T+ir* 'e&er(!i$&= To meet the

growing demands in the number of

subscribers !increase in networ#capacity", rates required for high

speed data transfer and multimedia

applications, 1 standards started

evolving. The systems in this standard

are basically a linear enhancement of

2 systems.

They are based on two parallel

bac#bone infrastructures, one

consisting of circuit switched nodes,and one of pac#et oriented nodes. The

*T0 defines a specific set of air

interface technologies as third

generation, as part of the *MT-2)))

initiative.

Currently, transition is happening

from 2 to 1 systems. 3s a part of

this transition, lots of technologies are

being standardi6ed. rom 2 to 1=

2.


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describe % is M3*CGMobile

multimedia, anytime anywhere,

lobal mobility support, *ntegratedwireless solution, and Customi6ed

personal service. 3s a promise for the

future, % systems, that is, cellular

broadband wireless access systems

have been attracting much interest in

the mobile communication arena. The

% systems not only will support thene&t generation of mobile service, but

also will support the fi&ed wireless

networ#s. This paper presents an

overall vision of the % features,

framewor#, and integration of mobile

communication. The features of %

systems might be summari6ed withone word integration. The % systems

are about seamlessly integrating

terminals, networ#s, and applications

to satisfy increasing user demands.

The continuous e&pansion of mobile

communication and wireless

networ#s shows evidence ofe&ceptional growth in the areas of

mobile subscriber, wireless networ#

access, mobile services, and

applications.

T(,le -. S+$r! His!$r $/ M$,ile Tele0+$&e Te)+&$l$'ies

Te)+&$l$' -G 1G 1.2G 3G 4G

/esign Fegan (A) (AD) (AD< (AA) 2)))

*mplementation (AD% (AA( (AAA 2))22)()8

Service 3nalog voice,/igitalvoice,

?ighercapacity,

?ighercapacity,

?ighercapacity,

synchronousdata

short pac#eti6eddata

broadbanddata

completely*-

to A. #bps messages up to 2Mbps oriented,multimedia,data to

hundredsof megabits

Standards3MS,T3CS,

T/M3,C/M3,

BS,7/7,

5C/M3,Single

standard>MT, etc. SM,

/C(&BTT C/M32)))

/ata

Fandwidth (.A #bps (%.% #bps 1D% #bps 2 Mbps 2)) Mbps

T/M3 T/M3


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Le'e&*=(&BTT H 2.MT H >ordic mobile telephone/C H personal digital cellularST> H pubic switched telephoneT3CS H total access communicationsT/M3 H time division multiple

4G MOBILE COMMUNICATION

This new generation of wireless is

intended to complement and replace

the 1 systems, perhaps in < to ()

years. 3ccessing information

anywhere, anytime, with a seamless

connection to a wide range of

information and services, and

receiving a large volume of

information, data, pictures, video, and

so on, are the #eys of the %

infrastructures.

The future % infrastructures will

consist of a set of various networ#s

using * !*nternet protocol" as a

common protocol so that users are in

control because they

will be able to choose every

application and environment. Fased


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on the developing trends of mobile

communication,

% will have broader bandwidth,

higher data rate, and smoother and

quic#er handoff and will focus on

ensuring seamless service across a

multitude of wireless systems and

networ#s. The #ey concept is

integrating the % capabilities with

all of the e&isting mobile technologies

through advanced technologies.

3pplication adaptability and being

highly dynamic are the main features

of % services of interest to users.

These features mean services can bedelivered and be available to the

personal preference of different users

and support the usersI traffic, air

interfaces, radio environment,

and quality of service. Connection

with the networ# applications can be

transferred into various forms and

levels correctly and efficiently. The

dominant methods of access to this

pool of information will be the mobile

telephone, /3, and laptop to

seamlessly access the voice

communication, high-speed

information services, and

entertainment broadcast services.

igure ( illustrates elements andtechniques to support the adaptability

of the % domain.

The fourth generation will encompass

all systems from various networ#s,

public to privateJ operator-driven

broadband networ#s to personal

areasJ and ad hoc networ#s. The %

systems will interoperate with 2 and

1 systems, as well as with digital

!broadband" broadcasting systems. *n

addition, % systems will be fully *-

based wireless *nternet.


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This all-encompassing integrated

perspective shows the broad range of

systems that the fourth generation

intends to integrate, from satellite

broadband to high altitude platform to

cellular 1 and 1 systems to 5EE

!wireless local loop" and 53 !fi&ed

wireless access" to 5E3> !wireless

local area networ#" and 3>

!personal area networ#", all with * as

the integrating mechanism.

5ith %, a range of new services and

models will be available. These

services and models need to be

further e&amined for their interface

with the design of % systems.

igures 2 and 1 demonstrate the #ey

elements and the seamless

connectivity of the networ#s.


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PRE4G WIRELESS

STANDARDS

3ccording to a +isant Strategies

study there will be multiple

competitors in this space, and gave

the following pro9ections=

(. 5iM3K - .2 million units by

2)() !May include fi&ed and

mobile"

2. lash-$/M - (1 million

subscribers in 2)() !only Mobile"

1. 1 Eong Term 7volution

of 0MTS in 1 - valued at

0SL2 billion in 2)() !1)@ of

the world population"

%. 0MF in 12


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The high speed of broadband

service

5ireless rather than wired

access, so it would be a lot

less e&pensive than cable or

/SE and much easier to

e&tend to suburban and rural

areas switching

Froad coverage li#e the cell

phone networ# instead of

small 5ii hotspots.

Thus the chief technologies used in

1 and % would be 5i-i and

5*M3K. % is poised to ta#e the

world of mobile communications by

storm.

INTRODUCTION TO WiMA5

WiMA5, the Worldwide

Interoperability for Microwave

A))ess, is a telecommunications

% technology aimed at providing

wireless data over long distances in a

variety of ways, from point-to-point

lin#s to full mobile cellular type

access. *t is based on the *777 D)2.(

standard, which is also called

5irelessM3>. 5iM3K allows a

user, for e&ample, to browse the

*nternet on a laptop computer without

physically connecting the laptop to a

wall 9ac#.

The name WiMAXwas created by the

5iM3K orum, which was formed

in Nune 2))( to promote conformance

and interoperability of the standard.

The forum describes 5iM3K as Oa

standards-based technology enabling

the delivery of last mile wireless

broadband access as an alternative to

cable and /SE.O 3 depicted

representation of the 5iMa& %

technology is presented.


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USE IN BROADBAND ACCESS

Many companies are closely

e&amining 5iM3K for Olast mileO

connectivity at high data rates. This

could result in lower pricing for both

home and business customers as

competition lowers price.

*n areas without pre-e&isting physical

cable or telephone networ#s, 5iM3K

will, it appears, be a viable alternative

for broadband access that has been

economically unavailable. rior to

5iMa&, many operators have been

using proprietary fi&ed wireless

technologies for broadband services.

5iM3K subscriber units are

available in both indoor and outdoor

versions from several manufacturers.

Self install indoor units are

convenient, but the subscriber must

be significantly closer to the 5iM3K

base station than with professionally

installed units. 3s such, indoor

installed units require a much higher

infrastructure investment as well as

operational cost !site lease, bac#haul,

maintenance" due to the high number

of base stations required to cover a

given area. *ndoor units are

comparable in si6e to a cable modem

or /SE modem. $utdoor units allow

for the subscriber to be much further

away from the 5iM3K base station,

but usually require professional

installation. $utdoor units are roughly

the si6e of a te&tboo#, and their

installation is comparable to a

residential satellite dish.

MOBILE APPLICATIONS

Some cellular companies are

evaluating 5iM3K as a means of

increasing bandwidth for a variety of

data-intensive applicationsJ indeed,

Sprint >e&tel has announced in mid-

2)) that it will be investing about

0SL 1 billion in a 5iM3K

technology build out over the ne&t

few years.

*n line with these possible

applications is the technologyIs ability

to serve as a high bandwidth

Obac#haulO for *nternet or cellular

phone traffic from remote areas bac#

to an internet bac#bone. 3lthough the

cost-effectiveness of 5iM3K in a

remote application will be higher, it is

not limited to such applications, and

may be an answer to reducing the cost

of T(7( bac#haul as well iven the


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limited wired infrastructure in some

developing countries, the costs to

install a 5iM3K station in

con9unction with an e&isting cellular

tower or even as a solitary hub are

li#ely to be small in comparison to

developing a wired solution. 3reas of

low population density and flat terrain

are particularly suited to 5iM3K and

its range.

or countries that have s#ipped wired

infrastructure as a result of inhibitive

costs and unsympathetic geography,

5iM3K can enhance wireless

infrastructure in an ine&pensive,

decentrali6ed, deployment-friendly

and effective manner.

WIMA5 Vs WIFI

The 5iM3K specification

provides symmetrical

bandwidth over many

#ilometers and range with

stronger encryption !T/7S or

37S" and typically less

interference. 5i-i is short

range !appro&imately ()Is of

metres" has 57 or 5

encryption and suffers from

interference as in metropolitan

areas where there are many

users.

5i-i ?otspots are typically

bac#hauled over 3/SE in

most coffee shops therefore

5i-i access is typically

highly contended and has poor

upload speeds between the

router and the internet.

*t provides connectivity

between networ# endpoints

without the need for direct

line of sight in favorablecircumstances. The non-line-

of-sight propagation !>E$S"

performance requires the .(d

or .(e revisions, since the

lower frequencies are needed.

*t relies upon multi-path

signals, somewhat in the

manner of D)2.((n.

LIMITATIONS

3 commonly held misconception is

that 5iM3K will deliver ) Mbits,

over ) miles !((2. #ilometers".

7ach of these is true individually,given ideal circumstances, but they

are not simultaneously true. *n

practice this means that in Eine of

sight environments you could deliver

symmetrical speeds of ()Mbps at

()Pm but in 0rban 7nvironments it

is more li#ely that 1)@ of

installations may be >on Eine of sight


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and therefore 0sers may only receive

()Mbps over 2Pm. 5iM3K has

some similarities to /SE in this

respect, where one can either have

high bandwidth or long reach, but not

both simultaneously. The other

feature to consider with 5iM3K is

that available bandwidth is shared

between users in a given radio sector,

so if there are many active users in a

single sector, each will get reduced

bandwidth. ?owever, unli#e S/SE

where contention is very noticeable at

a et 3ccessing techniques

through broadband and BS

activated mobile access.

*ncrease in social networ#ing,

invasion of privacy, security

concerns

*ncrease in regulation li#ely

!i.e. no driving and using a

cell phone"

CONCLUSION 3s the history of mobile

communications shows, attempts


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have been made to reduce a number

of

technologies to a single global

standard. ro9ected % systems offer

this promise of a standard that can be

embraced worldwide through its #ey

concept of integration. uture

wireless networ#s will need to

support diverse * multimedia

applications to allow sharing of

resources among multiple users.

There must be a low comple&ity of

implementation and an efficient

means of negotiation between the end

users and the wireless infrastructure.

The 5iMa& technology thereby

developed as a pre-release of the

fourth generation technology paved a

successful path and would be

rendered for its enhancement as

depicted. The fourth generation

promises to fulfill the goal of CC

!personal computing and

communication"Ga vision that

affordably provides high data rates

everywhere over a wireless networ#.


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4g technology with the wireless mobile adhoc network

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