460 Presentation

7/27/2019 460 Presentation

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Agenda

Proposal to MegaJoule Industries

Market trends

Data storage system Magnetic

Holography

Electrochemical

Nanoscale/Probe-based

Recommendations


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Technology Background

Demand from data intensive applications, such asdigital photography, high resolution video, archiving,etc., continues to drive the need for higher capacitystorage and portability

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1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Da

taStorageCapacity(kB)

Year


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Market Trends

Sources: Ed Grochowski, IBM Almaden Research Center (Left); Coughlin & Associates (Right)

http://www.connectorsupplier.com/tech_updates_MassDataStorageTrends_11-18-08.htm

Worldwide revenue for hard disk drives in 2010:

27.7B USD (Up 18.4% from 2009)

Worldwide revenue for optical storage in 2010:

14.8B USD (Up 7.6% from 2009)

Accounting for improving global economy


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Magnetic Data Storage

Alyssa Harder


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Projected Areal Density

Superparamagnetic Limit:

Critical grain size

magnetic energy is 40-60x thermal energy


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Patterning via Ion Beams

Binary pattern

reorganized by ion

beam

Change in order results

in magnetization

Similar to bar magnet

Ion beam controllableto a few nanometers


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Holographic Storage

Tim Burks


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Technical Background

Writing Process Reading Process


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Advantages

High theoretical and practical storage

densities and transfer rates

InPhase: 500 Gb/in2; 20 Mb/s

IBM: ~ Tb/in2; ~ Gb/s (Theoretical)

Flexible system architecture

Long shelf-life

Associative Retrieval


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Gated Holography

Two electron traps exist

Shallow

Deep

Sensitizer beam Elevates deep e-

Off during read phase

Readout stability

Needs more research


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Photopolymers

Example: AA/PVA

Photochemical Initiation

Polymerization

Local Refractive Index Change

Pros: Data stability, easy processing,high sensitivity

Cons: Possible optical defects, hard to

achieve large thicknesses


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Probe-Based Data Storage

Liang Meng

Hi h d it t


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High density storage Maximum density of current data storage technologies

Limited by diffraction of laser inlithography

Limited by superparamagnetic

effects

Up to 4 Tbit/in2

STM/AFM: capable to image surfaces, as well as manipulate the structure or

change the properties of materials down to the atomic scale


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D i


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Device prototype MILLIPEDE - large arrays of probes to performing read, write, and erase

operations in parallel.

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based x and y actuators to position thestorage medium relative to the array of probe tips

Front-end (AFE) chip to control probes individually

Thermal position sensors to get the position of the microscanner

probe-based storage device

prototype


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Write and read demonstration

The track size 90 m 32 nm.Each track contained 5,300 symbols.

Distance between adjacent symbols 16 nm.

Effective areal storage density was 840 Gb/in2

error rate of approximately 10-4

After correction, the complete sector information was recovered.


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Phase-change Probe Storage Phase change material (Ge2Sb2Te5 ) can be switched rapidly back and forth

between amorphous and crystalline phases by applying appropriate heat

pulses. Use heated AFM tips instead of laser

Switch time ~ a few nano seconds

Energy consumption for phase change probe storage is very low.

High density

The crystalline bits are visible as little

valleys in the AFM image because the

density of the crystalline phase is higher

than that of the amorphous phase.

400 Gb/in2


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Even higher density

0.4 Tb/in2 1.6 Tb/in2

Erased

Rewrite

3.3 Tb/in2

Rewritable


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Tip engineering

High reliability of the probe-

tips required maintain nanoscale structural

integrity while still being able todeliver current reliably

Platinum silicide (PtSi) tip

apexes with encapsulation inSiO2

Better wear and conductionproperties than commercial Pt-Ir tips

Bit sizes for electrical storageare not significantly affectedby the encapsulation

SiO2 encapsulation

Worn tip


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Future of probe-based data storage

High areal density demonstrated.

Some major issues have been addressed

Promising to enter the archival data storage

market

Higher device capacity at a much lower cost/ GB.


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Recommendations

Multi-prong approach

Invest in commercialization of magnetic-type

data storage

Research in holographic technology to targetconsumers once supporting hardware becomes

more viable

Research in nanoscale probe-based system tointegrate with hard drive type storage


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Questions?

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