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Agenda
Proposal to MegaJoule Industries
Market trends
Data storage system Magnetic
Holography
Electrochemical
Nanoscale/Probe-based
Recommendations
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Technology Background
Demand from data intensive applications, such asdigital photography, high resolution video, archiving,etc., continues to drive the need for higher capacitystorage and portability
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1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Da
taStorageCapacity(kB)
Year
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Market Trends
Sources: Ed Grochowski, IBM Almaden Research Center (Left); Coughlin & Associates (Right)
http://www.connectorsupplier.com/tech_updates_MassDataStorageTrends_11-18-08.htm
Worldwide revenue for hard disk drives in 2010:
27.7B USD (Up 18.4% from 2009)
Worldwide revenue for optical storage in 2010:
14.8B USD (Up 7.6% from 2009)
Accounting for improving global economy
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Magnetic Data Storage
Alyssa Harder
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Projected Areal Density
Superparamagnetic Limit:
Critical grain size
magnetic energy is 40-60x thermal energy
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Patterning via Ion Beams
Binary pattern
reorganized by ion
beam
Change in order results
in magnetization
Similar to bar magnet
Ion beam controllableto a few nanometers
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Holographic Storage
Tim Burks
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Technical Background
Writing Process Reading Process
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Advantages
High theoretical and practical storage
densities and transfer rates
InPhase: 500 Gb/in2; 20 Mb/s
IBM: ~ Tb/in2; ~ Gb/s (Theoretical)
Flexible system architecture
Long shelf-life
Associative Retrieval
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Gated Holography
Two electron traps exist
Shallow
Deep
Sensitizer beam Elevates deep e-
Off during read phase
Readout stability
Needs more research
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Photopolymers
Example: AA/PVA
Photochemical Initiation
Polymerization
Local Refractive Index Change
Pros: Data stability, easy processing,high sensitivity
Cons: Possible optical defects, hard to
achieve large thicknesses
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Probe-Based Data Storage
Liang Meng
Hi h d it t
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High density storage Maximum density of current data storage technologies
Limited by diffraction of laser inlithography
Limited by superparamagnetic
effects
Up to 4 Tbit/in2
STM/AFM: capable to image surfaces, as well as manipulate the structure or
change the properties of materials down to the atomic scale
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D i
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Device prototype MILLIPEDE - large arrays of probes to performing read, write, and erase
operations in parallel.
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based x and y actuators to position thestorage medium relative to the array of probe tips
Front-end (AFE) chip to control probes individually
Thermal position sensors to get the position of the microscanner
probe-based storage device
prototype
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Write and read demonstration
The track size 90 m 32 nm.Each track contained 5,300 symbols.
Distance between adjacent symbols 16 nm.
Effective areal storage density was 840 Gb/in2
error rate of approximately 10-4
After correction, the complete sector information was recovered.
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Phase-change Probe Storage Phase change material (Ge2Sb2Te5 ) can be switched rapidly back and forth
between amorphous and crystalline phases by applying appropriate heat
pulses. Use heated AFM tips instead of laser
Switch time ~ a few nano seconds
Energy consumption for phase change probe storage is very low.
High density
The crystalline bits are visible as little
valleys in the AFM image because the
density of the crystalline phase is higher
than that of the amorphous phase.
400 Gb/in2
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Even higher density
0.4 Tb/in2 1.6 Tb/in2
Erased
Rewrite
3.3 Tb/in2
Rewritable
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Tip engineering
High reliability of the probe-
tips required maintain nanoscale structural
integrity while still being able todeliver current reliably
Platinum silicide (PtSi) tip
apexes with encapsulation inSiO2
Better wear and conductionproperties than commercial Pt-Ir tips
Bit sizes for electrical storageare not significantly affectedby the encapsulation
SiO2 encapsulation
Worn tip
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Future of probe-based data storage
High areal density demonstrated.
Some major issues have been addressed
Promising to enter the archival data storage
market
Higher device capacity at a much lower cost/ GB.
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Recommendations
Multi-prong approach
Invest in commercialization of magnetic-type
data storage
Research in holographic technology to targetconsumers once supporting hardware becomes
more viable
Research in nanoscale probe-based system tointegrate with hard drive type storage
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Questions?
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