4.5 Cultural Resources...39 became more important. Trade in commodities such as shell beads,...
34
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT 4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES MAY 2015 4.5‐1 FINAL EIR 4.5 Cultural Resources 1 2 This section describes the environmental and regulatory setting and discusses impacts associated 3 with the construction and operation of the Santa Barbara County Reliability Project (proposed 4 project) with respect to cultural resources. For the purpose of analysis in this section, the term, 5 “cultural resources” encompasses historical resources; archeological resources (which may be 6 historic or prehistoric, and are a subset of historical resources); Native American resources; and 7 paleontological resources. The applicant’s Cultural Resources Technical Report and supplemental 8 survey information are included in Appendix I. 9 10 Below are definitions of key cultural and paleontological resources terms used in this section: 11 12 Historical Resources 13 Historical resources, as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), are resources 14 that are listed in, or are determined to be eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historical 15 Resources (CRHR) or a local register, or that are otherwise determined to be historical pursuant to 16 the CEQA Statute or Guidelines (Public Resources Code [PRC] Section 21084.1 or California Code of 17 Regulations [CCR] Section 15064.5). A historical resource may be any object, building, structure, 18 site, area, place, record, or manuscript which a lead agency determines to be historically significant 19 or significant in terms of California’s architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, 20 educational, social, political, military, or cultural records. Typically, historical resources are more 21 than 50 years old. 22 23 Archaeological Resources 24 As stated above, archaeological resources are a subset of the historical resources category. 25 Archaeological sites may be considered historical resources. If not, archaeological resources may be 26 determined to be “unique” as defined by the CEQA Statute (Section 21083.2). A unique 27 archaeological resource is an artifact, object, or site that: (1) contains information (for which there 28 is a demonstrable public interest) needed to answer important scientific research questions; (2) has 29 a special and particular quality, such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of 30 its type; or (3) is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or 31 historic event or person. Non‐unique archaeological resources are not typically addressed in 32 Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs). 33 34 Native American Resources 35 Native American resources are cultural resources such as archaeological resources, rock art, and 36 the prominent topographical areas, features, habitats, plants, animals, or minerals that 37 contemporary Native Americans value and consider essential for the preservation of their 38 traditions. Traditional culture often prohibits Native Americans from sharing the locations of these 39 cultural resources with the public. 40 41 Paleontological Resources 42 For the purpose of this EIR, “paleontological resources” refers to the fossilized plant and animal 43 remains of prehistoric species. They are valued for the information they yield about the history of 44 the earth and its past ecological settings. Paleontological resources represent a limited, non‐ 45 renewable, impact‐sensitive, scientific, and educational resource. Fossil remains such as bones, 46
Transcript of 4.5 Cultural Resources...39 became more important. Trade in commodities such as shell beads,...
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐1 FINAL EIR
4.5 Cultural Resources 12Thissectiondescribestheenvironmentalandregulatorysettinganddiscussesimpactsassociated3withtheconstructionandoperationoftheSantaBarbaraCountyReliabilityProject(proposed4project)withrespecttoculturalresources.Forthepurposeofanalysisinthissection,theterm,5“culturalresources”encompasseshistoricalresources;archeologicalresources(whichmaybe6historicorprehistoric,andareasubsetofhistoricalresources);NativeAmericanresources;and7paleontologicalresources.Theapplicant’sCulturalResourcesTechnicalReportandsupplemental8surveyinformationareincludedinAppendixI.910Belowaredefinitionsofkeyculturalandpaleontologicalresourcestermsusedinthissection:1112Historical Resources 13
Historicalresources,asdefinedbytheCaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct(CEQA),areresources14thatarelistedin,oraredeterminedtobeeligibleforlistingin,theCaliforniaRegisterofHistorical15Resources(CRHR)oralocalregister,orthatareotherwisedeterminedtobehistoricalpursuantto16theCEQAStatuteorGuidelines(PublicResourcesCode[PRC]Section21084.1orCaliforniaCodeof17Regulations[CCR]Section15064.5).Ahistoricalresourcemaybeanyobject,building,structure,18site,area,place,record,ormanuscriptwhichaleadagencydeterminestobehistoricallysignificant19orsignificantintermsofCalifornia’sarchitectural,engineering,scientific,economic,agricultural,20educational,social,political,military,orculturalrecords.Typically,historicalresourcesaremore21than50yearsold.2223Archaeological Resources 24
Asstatedabove,archaeologicalresourcesareasubsetofthehistoricalresourcescategory.25Archaeologicalsitesmaybeconsideredhistoricalresources.Ifnot,archaeologicalresourcesmaybe26determinedtobe“unique”asdefinedbytheCEQAStatute(Section21083.2).Aunique27archaeologicalresourceisanartifact,object,orsitethat:(1)containsinformation(forwhichthere28isademonstrablepublicinterest)neededtoanswerimportantscientificresearchquestions;(2)has29aspecialandparticularquality,suchasbeingtheoldestofitstypeorthebestavailableexampleof30itstype;or(3)isdirectlyassociatedwithascientificallyrecognizedimportantprehistoricor31historiceventorperson.Non‐uniquearchaeologicalresourcesarenottypicallyaddressedin32EnvironmentalImpactReports(EIRs).3334Native American Resources 35
NativeAmericanresourcesareculturalresourcessuchasarchaeologicalresources,rockart,and36theprominenttopographicalareas,features,habitats,plants,animals,ormineralsthat37contemporaryNativeAmericansvalueandconsideressentialforthepreservationoftheir38traditions.TraditionalcultureoftenprohibitsNativeAmericansfromsharingthelocationsofthese39culturalresourceswiththepublic.4041Paleontological Resources 42
ForthepurposeofthisEIR,“paleontologicalresources”referstothefossilizedplantandanimal43remainsofprehistoricspecies.Theyarevaluedfortheinformationtheyyieldaboutthehistoryof44theearthanditspastecologicalsettings.Paleontologicalresourcesrepresentalimited,non‐45renewable,impact‐sensitive,scientific,andeducationalresource.Fossilremainssuchasbones,46
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐2 FINAL EIR
teeth,shells,andleavesarefoundingeologicdeposits(i.e.,rockformations).Paleontological1resourcesgenerallyincludethegeologicformationsandlocalitiesinwhichthefossilsarecollected.234.5.1 Environmental Setting 454.5.1.1 Historic, Archaeological, and Native America Resources 67Prehistoric, Ethnohistoric, and Historic Background 8
Informationpresentedinthissectionwasgatheredfromareviewoftheculturalresources9technicalreportsthathavebeenpreparedfortheproposedproject(SwitalskiandBardsley2012a,102012b;Schmidt2013;Leftwichetal.2014);Proponent’sEnvironmentalAssessment(PEA)11documents(SCE2012);DepartmentofParksandRecreationsiteandisolateforms;Native12Americanconsultations;andaPaleontologicalResourcesAssessment(SDG&E2010c)(Conkling132012).1415Prehistoric 16
Prehistoricarchaeologycoverstheperiodoftimebeforewrittenrecord;intheSantaBarbara17CountyandVenturaCountyregions,thisisthetimebeforeEuropeanexplorationandcolonization.18Theprehistoricperiodisgenerallydividedintofourperiods:Paleoindian,Early,Middle,andLate.19ThePaleoindianperiodbeginswiththearrivalofhumansinthearea.TheSantaBarbaraarea,20particularlytheChannelIslands,figuresprominentlyincurrentresearchonthetimingandnature21ofhumanmovementintothearea,asevidencedbyEarlyassemblages,manywithstemmedpoints22andcrescentics(flakedcrescent‐shapedartifacts)datingperhapsasearlyas13,000yearsB.P.23(ErlandsonandBraje2011).MaterialsfoundonChannelIslandandearlymainlandsitesestablisha24firmmarineorientationfortheseearlypeople.SparseevidenceofvisitsbytheClovispeopletothe25coastisfoundintheformofafewdistinctiveflutedpoints.Clovisartifactswerelongthoughtby26archaeologiststobetheoldestmaterialinNorthAmerica,butitisnowknownthatthecoastal27adaptationspredateClovis.2829TheEarlyperiod,datingfromabout8,000beforepresent(BP)toabout3,350BP,represents30adaptationtothecoastduringthewarmeranddrierconditionsthatfollowedthePleistocene.31Millingstones,atypeoffoodprocessingequipment,arealargepartofthisadaptation,andthe32collectionofmarineshellfishwasimportantaswell.SomepithousesarefoundfromEarlyperiod33sites,andmortarsandpestlesforpulverizingseedsarefoundlateintheEarlyperiod(Neusiusand34Gross2013:206).3536DuringtheMiddleperiodanemphasisonhuntingofterrestrialmammalsandacontinueduseof37shellfishdeveloped.Fishing,whichisdocumentedintheearliestsitesintheChannelIslands,38becamemoreimportant.Tradeincommoditiessuchasshellbeads,steatite(soapstone),and39obsidianorvolcanicglass,becameimportant(NeusiusandGross2013:208).4041IntheLateperiodthereisevidenceofpopulationgrowth,developmentofsocialinequality,and42complexorganization.Althoughtherearesuggestionsthattheydatetoearliertimes,thereisgood43evidenceoftheuseofplankcanoesduringtheLateperiod.SubsistencealongthePacificCoast44includedaheavyemphasisonmarineresources,includingbothfishandmarinemammals(Neusius45andGross2013:208–211).ThecomplexitynotedamongtheethnographicChumashiswell46establishedintheLateperiod.4748
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐3 FINAL EIR
Ethnohistoric 1
TheEthnohistoricperiodisthetimeforwhichhistoricalaccountsfromexplorers,missionaries,2soldiers,andsettlersareavailablefortheNativeAmericanpopulations.Theproposedproject3wouldcrosslandsassociatedwithboththeVentureñoandBarbareñoChumashgroups.The4ChumashpeoplelivedintheSantaBarbaraandVenturaareaswhentheexplorersandmissionaries5firstcametoCalifornia.ThesegroupsdrawtheirnamesfromtheSpanishmissionsestablishedin6theirareas,SanBuenaventura(1782)andSantaBarbara(1786)(Grant1978a:Fig.1,Grant71978b:505).TheChumashwerecomplexhunter‐gathererswithevidenceofhereditaryleadership,8ownershipofresources,socialinequality(aclassstructure),andlargesemi‐sedentarytosedentary9villages.ThelargerChumashterritoryincludedthefournorthernChannelIslands,andtradewith10theislandsusingtheplankcanoewasimportant(NeusiusandGross2013:210–211).1112TheChumashwereafocusofSpanishmissionizationactivities,withmanyindividualsbecoming13assimilatedintothemissionculture.Asaresult,manyNativeAmericanswereoverlookedwhen14reservationswerebeingestablishedandarenotfederallyrecognized.TheSantaYnezReservation15inSantaBarbaraCountyishometothefederallyrecognizedSantaYnezBandofChumash,and16ChumashdescendantsareenrolledwiththefederallyrecognizedTejonIndianTribeofCalifornia.17ThereareanumberofChumashgroupsstillseekingfederalrecognition.Consultationwith18descendantsisdiscussedinSection4.5.1.4.1920Historic 21
Technically,theHistoricerabeginswiththeexplorationofCalifornia,startingin1542withJoão22RodriguesCabrilho(morecommonlyknownasJuanRodriguezCabrillo)(NeusiusandGross232013:218),althoughsustainedcontactdidnotoccuruntiltheestablishmentoftheSpanishMission24systemin1769.TheChumashwerebroughtintothemissionsystem,wheretheyweretaught25Christianityandbecamepartoftheeconomicsystemofthemissions.Theywereresponsiblefor26constructingthebuildingsofthemissions,raisingthecropsandtendingtheherds,and27participatingintrades.TheSpanishalsobuiltmilitaryfortsorpresidios,theclosestofwhichtothe28proposedprojectareaistheSantaBarbaraPresidio.2930In1821,MexicowonitsindependencefromSpain.Themissionscontinuedtofunctionforatime,31buteventuallytheirlandwasstrippedawayandthesystemceasedtofunction.UnderMexicanrule,32largetractsoflandweregrantedtoindividualsasranchos.Cattleraising,whichhadbegunin33missiontimes,becametheeconomicengineofthearea.Hidesandtallowwereexportedinlarge34quantities.3536FollowingtheMexican‐AmericanWar(1846–1848),CaliforniacameunderAmericanrule,37becomingastatein1850.Theareadevelopedasrural,agriculturalland.Oilextractionwasanother38importanteconomicactivity.ThetownsthatgrewuparoundMissionBuenaventuraandtheSanta39BarbaraMissionandPresidiocontinuedgrowandarenowtheregionalpopulationcenters.The40areatraversedbytheproposedprojectcontinuestoberural.4142Historic, Archaeological, and Native America Literature and Records Search 43
CulturalresourcesurveysfortheproposedprojectincludedrecordsearchesconductedattheSouth44CentralCoastalInformationCenter,locatedatCaliforniaStateUniversity,FullertononFebruary27,452012,andattheCentralCoastInformationCenter,locatedattheUniversityofCalifornia,Santa46BarbaraonMarch1,2012(SwitalskiandBardsley2012a,2012b).Thepurposeoftherecords47searchwastodeterminetheextentofpreviousinvestigationswithin0.5milesofthe48
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐4 FINAL EIR
subtransmissioncorridorandtodeterminewhetherpreviouslydocumentedprehistoricorhistoric1archaeologicalsites,isolatedfindings,architecturalresources,culturallandscapes,orethnic2resourcesexistwithintheprojectarea.Therevieweddocumentationincludedsurveyand3evaluationreports,archaeologicalsiterecords,historicmaps,theCaliforniaPointsofHistorical4Interest,theCaliforniaHistoricalLandmarks,theCRHR,theNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces5(NRHP),andtheCaliforniaStateHistoricResourcesInventorylistings.67Theresultsoftherecordssearchindicatedthat1330culturalresourcestudieshavebeen8previouslyconductedwithinportionsoftheprojectareaorwithin200feetoftheprojectarea9(Table4.5‐1),includingonestudyconductedfortheproposedprojectthatoccurreddirectlywithin10thealignmentofSegments3A,3B,and4(Schmidt2006).AnadditionalOver145additional5411studieshavebeenconductedwithin0.51milesoftheprojectarea.12 13Table 4.5‐1 Cultural Resources Studies Previously Conducted within 200 feet of the
Project Area
Segment Author Year Report Number 1 Lopez 1977 VN‐008461 Lopez 1979 VN‐019321 Clewlow 1978 VN‐001271 ChambersGroup 1982 VN‐004211 Wilcoxon 1984 VN‐004441 Brown 1987 VN‐005151 Fosteretal. 1989 VN‐007311 NCPA 1989 VN‐007731 Singer 1986 VN‐004941,2 Fleagle 1998 VN‐016752 Kingetal. 1989 VN‐011352 Dillon 1998 VN‐013342 Maki 2009 VN‐027852 Bonner 2010 VN‐029533A SantoroandToren 1992 SR‐12883A Schmidt 2005 ‐3A Wilcoxon 1976 SR‐08503A Kiaha 2006 SR‐036213A,3B Waldron 1986 SR‐11543A,4 Maki 2000 SR‐25733B,4 Wlodarski 2008 VN‐027914 Maki 2002 SR‐28484 Giambastiani 2003 SR‐29864 Schmidt 2006 ‐4 Corbett 2008 SR‐50084 Corbett 2008 SR‐50094 Delu 2010 VN‐027904 Williams 2010 VN‐02792‐‐ Ivie 1976 VN‐0007615FiveTenpreviouslydocumentedculturalresourcesarebelievedtobepresentwithinthesurvey16area.:CA‐VEN‐979,56‐100200,CA‐VEN‐1109H,CA‐SBA‐107,andCA‐SBA‐3814.Theseresources17aredescribedinSection4.5.1.3,Survey.Inaddition,33previouslydocumentedculturalresources18havebeenidentifiedwithin0.5milesoftheprojectarea.19
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐5 FINAL EIR
1Historic, Archaeological, and Native America Surveys 2
ThreeFourHistoric,Archaeological,andNativeAmericaResourcessurveyswereconductedforthe3proposedproject.Themethodsforthesesurveysaresummarizedbelow.45Methods 6
ThefirstHistoric,Archaeological,andNativeAmericaResourcessurveywasapedestriansurveyof7mostoftheprojectareaandwasconductedbetweenMarch12andApril5,2012(theMainSurvey).8Duetothemountainousterrain,densevegetation,andlimitedaccessthroughoutmuchofthe9projectarea,asurveyoftheentirealignmentwasnotpossible.Eachtowersurveyedwas10approachedbyfootfromthenearestpointofaccess,generallySCEaccessroads,ranchroads,or11privateaccessroads.Duetothevaryingdegreeofslope,terrain,accessconstraints,andvarietyof12existingroads(paved,dirt,gravel),surveycrewsemployeddifferentmethodsforsurveying13differentroadsegments,asdescribedinTable4.5‐3Table4.5‐2.141516Table 4.5‐2 Survey Methodology Used for Access Roads within the Project Area
Survey Category Description
Potential Impact Survey Methodology Length
I Existingpavedorgravelroads.Roadslocatedonsteep(>30°)slope,andexistingprivateroadways,suchasdrivewaysnearprivateresidences.
Noorverylittleimpact
Asdeterminedusingthesurveyors’professionaljudgment,spotcheckswereconductedatlocationsalongroutesandareasthatcouldpotentiallyyieldarchaeologicalresources,orareaswhereresourceswerepreviouslyidentified/recorded.Verylimitedsurveycoverage.
10.8miles(130acres)
II Ranch/orchardroadswithincitrus/avocadoorchardsorranches.Moderatelydisturbed.
Moderateimpactwithinanalreadydisturbedcontext
Asdeterminedusingthesurveyors’professionaljudgment,morefrequentspotchecks(20‐to25‐metertransects)alongroutesthatcouldyieldresourcesassociatedwithranching/farmingorpreviouslyidentified/recordedresources.Moderatesurveycoverage.
36.7miles(437acres)
III Roadsproposedforconstruction,roadsnearexistingwaterways,androadsthatappeartointersectareaswithnoorverylittlepreviousdisturbance.
Potentiallyhighimpacttoareaswithlittleornopreviousdisturbance
Complete100%pedestriansurveywith10‐to15‐metertransects.
23.9miles(285acres)
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐6 FINAL EIR
Eachaccessiblestructurelocation,60.6linearmilesofaccessroads,andapproximately9milesof1thesubtransmissioncorridorwereinventoriedforculturalresources.TheMainSurveyincludeda2100‐foot‐widebufferoneithersideofthecenterlineofthesubtransmissionlinecorridor;a100‐3footradiusaroundeachstructure;anda33‐footbufferoneithersideoftheproposedandexisting4accessroads.Surveycrewsconductedalimitedinventoryofanadditional10.8milesofaccess5roadsthatwereeitherpavedorlocatedonverysteepslopes(SurveyCategoryI).Twenty‐one6structurelocations,9.1milesofaccessroads,andapproximately24milesofthesubtransmission7corridorwerenotinventoriedduetoinaccessibleterrain,washedoutaccessroads,oraccess8restrictionsfromprivatelandowners.Threenewresourceswereidentifiedduringthissurveyand9arelistedinTable4.5‐4Table4.5‐3anddiscussedfurtherbelow.1011ThesecondsurveyincludedportionsoftheprojectarealocatedwithintheLosPadresNational12ForestthatcouldnotbesurveyeduntilapermitwasobtainedandwasconductedonJuly23,201213(SwitalskiandBardsley2012b).Itincludedthethreepolelocationswithintheforest,alongwitha14100‐footradiusaroundeachofthethreepoles,totheextentpossible,givenslopeandvegetation15considerations.Thespansbetweenpolesandmanyoftheproposedaccessroadswerejudgedby16thesurveyorstobetoosteeportoothicklyvegetatedtoaccess.Ofthe14.4acresoftheprojectarea17locatedinLosPadresNationalForest,2.7acresweresurveyed,andtheremaining11.7acreswere18not,duetoslopeandvegetationissues.Nonewresourceswereidentifiedduringthissurvey.1920ThethirdsurveywasconductedonMarch18and19,2013;however,theprojectdesignhassince21beenmodified,andtheareasurveyedhasbeeneliminatedfromtheprojectsite.Therefore,the22resultsonthissurveyeffortarenotdiscussedfurther.2324In2014,thefourthsurveywasconductedbyGarciaandAssociates(GANDA)andincluded50525acresoftheproposedprojectareabrokendowninto94discretesurveyareas.Newrecords26searcheswereconductedforthissurveyatCCICandSCCIC.Thesurveywasconductedusing15‐27metertransectswherepossible,butsteepslopesanddensevegetationhamperedtheuseofsuch28transectsformostofthesurveyarea.Duetoslopesandvegetation,fewerthanhalfofthe94survey29areascouldbecompletelysurveyed.Onenewsitewasrecordedduringthissurvey.3031DuringtheMainSurveyandthe2014survey,anattemptwasmadetofindeachofthefiveten32previouslydocumentedculturalresourcessitesthatwereidentifiedasbeingonornearthesurvey33area.Table4.5‐34.5‐4liststhenewresourcesandthoseoriginallyrecordedwithintheprojectarea34coveredbytheMainSurveyandthe2014survey.3536Table 4.5‐3 Cultural Resource Sites Recorded During Project Surveys at Tower Sites or on Access Roads
Segment Trinomial/ Temporary Primary Component Description Comments
1 CA‐VEN‐979 56‐000979 Prehistoric LithicDeposit Siteiscurrentlydestroyed
1 N/A 56‐100200 Prehistoric Pestle(Isolate) Isolatewasnotrelocated
1 CA‐VEN‐58 Prehistoric Largehabitationsitewithburials
AppearstobeeligiblefortheCRHR.Noprojectcomponentswouldbesitedwithinthearea;however,Segment1wouldspanwithinlessthan
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐7 FINAL EIR
Table 4.5‐3 Cultural Resource Sites Recorded During Project Surveys at Tower Sites or on Access Roads
Segment Trinomial/ Temporary Primary Component Description Comments
ahalfmileofthesite.1 CA‐VEN‐22 56‐000022 Prehistoric Scatteredshell
fragmentsProbablyfossilratherthancultural
1 CA‐VEN‐23 56‐000023 Prehistoric Scatteredshellfragments
Probablyfossilratherthancultural
1 CA‐VEN‐1003 56‐001003 Prehistoric Fivepiecesofdebitage Notrelocatedduringthesurvey
2 CA‐VEN‐1109H 56‐001109 Historic Railroad Resourcehasbeendestroyed
Between3Band4
CA‐SBA‐2 42‐000002 Prehistoric Largevillagesite Probablydestroyed
Northof2and3B
GANDA‐11 N/A Prehistoric Habitationwithtwoloci Conditionandintegrityundetermined—impactsfromearthmoving
4 SBCRP‐11 N/A Historic Culvert IneligibleforCRHR4 SBCRP‐21 N/A Historic RetainingWall IneligibleforCRHR4 SBCRP‐31 N/A Historic SantaClara‐Ojai‐Santa
Barbara66kVSubtransmissionLinestructures
RequiresformalevaluationforeligibilityIneligibleforCRHR
4 CA‐SBA‐107 42‐000107 Prehistoric RockShelters Determinedtobelocatedoutsideofprojectarea
4 CA‐SBA‐3814 42‐003814 Prehistoric LithicScatter Determinedtobelocatedoutsideofprojectarea
4 CA‐SBA‐3587 42‐003587 Prehistoric Habitation Siteconsistsofacoreareaandannorthernextensionwithlessculturalmaterial
Note:1NewlyRecordedResource166‐kV Subtransmission Lines 2
Segment 1 3
SurveycrewsinventoriedtheareaaroundeachtowerlocationinSegment1.Thetopographyalong4thealignmentwasdominatedbysteephillsidesintersectedbyravinesandgullies,andeach5structurewasgenerallysituatedinanareathatwasmechanicallydisturbedandleveledwith6vegetationclearedformaintenanceaccess.78TheadditionalaccessroadsurveyontheBonsallpropertyisalsopartofSegment1.910
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐8 FINAL EIR
CA‐VEN‐979.SiteCA‐VEN‐979wasoriginallydocumentedasasmalllithicscatter1withtwo1unidentifiedbonefragmentslocatedontopofaridgeapproximately66feet(20meters)froma2subtransmissionstructurelocation.Thecurrentsurveydidnotidentifyanyartifactsthatwere3reportedontheoriginalsiterecord,despitethefactthatthesurveycrewswereabletomatch4existingfeaturesinthevicinityofthemappedlocation(suchasfencelines,gates,andtransmission5towers)withfeaturesdepictedontheoriginalsitemap.Severaldirtroadswereobservedwithin6andadjacenttothesite,andtheoriginalrecordersnotedheavyimpactsbyroadmaintenance,cattle7trails,andbarbedwire(SchmidtandWishner1988).Giventhesite’slocationandthepresenceofat8leastfourdirtroadsinthearea,itappearsthatthesitemayhavebeenalteredduetograding9and/orranchingactivities.Astheresourceappearstobedestroyed,itisnoteligibleforlistinginthe10CRHR.1112P‐56‐100200.SiteP‐56‐100200wasoriginallyrecordedasanisolatedpestle.Theisolatewasnot13relocatedduringthesurvey,andnootherculturalmaterialwasidentifiedwithinthevicinityofits14plottedlocation.IsolatesarenotconsideredsignificantunderCEQAbecausetheircontextand15integrityarelimitedandbecausetheirresearchpotentialisexhaustedthroughdetailedrecording.16Therefore,isolates(includingP‐56‐100200)arenotconsideredfurtherinthisCEQAreviewandare17notincludedintheimpactanalysis.1819CA‐VEN‐58.Recordedfirstin1949,thissitewassubjectedtoprofessionalexcavationintheearly201960s(GreenwoodandBrowne1963).Theexcavationsdemonstratedthatthesiteyieldeda21diversityofmaterialsandcontainedatleastfourhumanburials.Althoughmuchofthesubsurface22soilatthesitehadbeendisturbedbyplowing,undisturbedsoilswerealsopresent.CA‐VEN‐58was23notformallyevaluatedforeligibilityfortheCRHR,butbasedonthediversityofmaterialrecovered24andthepresenceofhumanremains,italmostcertainlyiseligible.Itisoutsidethealignmentfor25Segment1andwouldnotbesubjectedtoimpactsfromtheproposedproject.2627SCE‐Bonsall#1.Thisnewlydiscoveredsiteisdescribedascontaining“constituentssimilartothose28foundatCA‐VEN‐58”(Schmidt2013:11).Subsurfacedepthofdepositswasnotdeterminedinthe29field,anditwasnotedthattherewasnosurfaceindicationofhumanburials.Thesiteislocated30outsidethealignmentofSegment1andwouldnotbesubjectedtoimpactsfromtheproposed31project.3233CA‐VEN‐22andCA‐VEN‐23.Recordedin1960asextensiveshellscatters,noothercultural34materialwasreportedontheoriginalsiteforms,anditwasnotedthattheshellmightbefossilized35ratherthancultural.Surveyoftheareawherethesewererecordedforthecurrentprojectfailedto36findanymaterialotherthanshell,anditwasnotedthattheshellwasconsistentwithfossilshell.It37wasconcludedthatthesetwositesarenotactuallyarchaeologicalsitesbutarepaleontological.3839CA‐VEN‐1003.Originallyrecordedasanartifactscatterconsistingoffivepiecesofdebitage,CA‐40VEN‐1003wasnotfoundduringthesurveysforthisproject.4142Segment 2 43
FourtowerlocationswereinventoriedbetweenSantaAnaRoadandCasitasVistaRoad,andtwo44additionaltowerlocationswereexaminedjustwestofCasitasVistaRoad.Threetowerlocations45werealsoapproachedfromthewesternendofSegment2.Eachtowerexaminedislocatedina46
1 Lithicscatterreferstoasurfacescatterofculturalartifactsanddebristhatconsistsentirelyofstoneitems,stonetools,andchippedstonedebris.
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐9 FINAL EIR
mechanicallyalteredterrain,withleveledridgetopsandvegetationclearedtofacilitateeasyaccess.1Overall,ninetowerlocationssituateddirectlysouthofLakeCasitaswerenotinventorieddueto2difficultterrainanddensevegetation.Nonewculturalresourceswereidentifiedwithinthe3surveyedportionofSegment2.Onepreviouslyrecordedhistoricresource(CA‐VEN‐1109H)was4identifiedwestoftheCasitasSubstation.Anewsite,designatedGANDA‐1,wasfoundinand5adjacenttoasurveyedareatothenorthofSegment2andSegment3B.67CA‐VEN‐1109H.SiteCA‐VEN‐1109HisahistoricrailroadspurinitiallyconstructedbytheVentura8RiverandOjaiValleyRailroadin1898andacquiredbySouthernPacificin1899.Thisrailroadspur9waspreviouslydocumentedapproximately200feet(60meters)westoftheCasitasSubstation,on10theeasternbankoftheVenturaRiver.However,therecentsurveyrevealedthattheresourceisno11longerinexistenceandthatanarrowbikepath(VenturaRiver/OjaiValleyTrail)hasbeen12constructedwithinitsalignment.Noevidenceofrailroadties,rails,oranyotherfeaturesassociated13withCA‐VEN‐1109Hwasobservedwithintheprojectarea.1415GANDA‐1.Thisnewlyrecordedsiteisanartifactscatterwithtwoloci.Thewesternlocusconsists16ofmarineshellscatterwithgroundstonefragments,sixquartzflakes,andtools.Theeasternlocus17hasquartzflakes,quartztools,andgroundstonefragments,alongwithfire‐affectedrockanda18hearth.Shellislackingontheeasternlocus.Brushclearingusingearthmovingequipmenthas19disturbedthedepositsatthesite.2021Segment 3A 22
Segment3Awascharacterizedbymostlycommerciallanduse,withcitrusorchardsandfarms23locatedalongHighway192.Thissegmentwasheavilydisturbedfrompreviousconstruction,as24approximately90percentofSegment3AislocatedadjacenttoHighway192.Approximately0.725milesofSegment3A,locatedbetweenShepardMesaRoadandCasitasPassRoad(StateRoute150,26alongtheborderofVenturaandSantaBarbaraCounties),traversesprivateparcelsimpactedby27residentialconstructionandprivateorchards.Noculturalresourceswereidentifiedduringthe28surveyofSegment3A.2930Segment3AislocatedcompletelywithinQuaternaryalluvium(Conklling2012:24).Quaternary31alluviumisalluvialsedimentdepositedduringthePleistoceneandHolocene.Humanshavebeen32presentinCaliforniasincetheterminalPleistocene,andHolocenealluviumwasalldepositedduring33thetimethathumanshavebeeninthearea.Quaternaryalluvium,then,hasthepotentialtocontain34buriedarchaeologicalremains.Buriedsitescanbeparticularlyimportantinadvancingknowledge35ofthepast.3637Segment 3B 38
IntheeasternendofSegment3B,theterrainconsistsofarelativelyflatareawithrollinghillsand39gentlyslopingridgelines,currentlyusedforcattlegrazinganddominatedbyopenpastureswith40oakgroveslocatedalongseveralintermittentdrainages.InthewesternendofSegment3B,41surveyorsencounteredsteephillswithslopesbetween40and45degreesandcitrusandavocado42orchards,withnarrowaccessroadsrunningbetweenrowsofavocadoandlemontrees.Overall,164328towerlocationswereinventoriedalongSegment3B.Theremaining12towersandassociated44accessroadshavenotyetbeeninventoried.Noculturalresourceswereidentifiedwithinthe45surveyedportionofSegment3B,butonepreviouslyrecordedsite,CA‐SBA‐2wasmappedina46surveyedareabetweenSegment3BandSegment4.4748
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐10 FINAL EIR
CA‐SBA‐2.CA‐SBA‐2wasalargevillagesite,butbythetimethesitewasrecordedinthe1920s,the1sitehadbeenalmosttotallydestroyedbyconstructionofaresort.Bythe1960snotraceofthesite2remained.SurveyintheareawhereCA‐SBA‐2wasrecordedconfirmedthatnoarchaeological3materialsweretobefound.45ThesixwesternmosttubularsteelpolelocationsinSegment3BaresitedinQuaternaryalluvium6(Conklling2012:24).Asdiscussedabove,Quaternaryalluviumhasthepotentialtocontainburied7archaeologicalmaterials.ThereisasmallareaofMontereyformationthatoutcropsnearthecenter8ofSegment3B(Conklling2012:25).SomestrataoftheMontereyformationyieldchertsthatwere9soughtafterastoolstonebytheprehistoricpeoplesofthearea,soquarriesmaybeexpectedin10someareasontheMontereyformation.1112Segment 4 13
SurveycrewsencounteredawidevarietyofterrainandlandusesthroughoutSegment4,including14residential,commercial,privateequestrianfacilities,orchards,deepvalleys,ridgetops,anddensely15overgrownridgesandhills.Overall,62of65structureswereinventoriedduringthesurvey.Survey16crewsattemptedtolocatetwopreviouslyrecordedarchaeologicalresourcesandidentifiedthree17newhistoricresourceswithinSegment4.Anadditionalpreviously‐recordedsite,CA‐SBA‐3587,18waslocatedinasurveyareanearSegment4.1920TheportionoftheprojectareathatpassesthroughtheLosPadresNationalForestisinSection4.21AllthreestructurelocationsexaminedduringthesurveyoftheNationalForestlandandallofthe22portionsofaccessroadsurveyedontheforestwerefoundtocontainnoculturalresources.2324CA‐SBA‐107.SiteCA‐SBA‐107wasoriginallyrecordedasseveralsmallrockshelterslocatednear25thetopofanalmostverticalstonecliff.Thesitewasdocumentedin1927byD.B.Rogers,whonoted26smokeblackeningonthewallsofalltheshelters(Rogers1927).Additionally,anasphalt‐lined27basketwasreportedlyrecoveredfromoneoftherockshelters.MapsonfileattheCentralCoast28InformationCenterindicatethatthesiteislocatedalonganexistingSegment4accessroad;29however,thecurrentsurveyfailedtoidentifyanylargeoutcropswithin0.25milesofitsplotted30location.Therefore,thesiteisbelievedtobeplottedincorrectly,andinactualityitislocatedoutside31oftheprojectarea.3233CA‐SBA‐3814.SiteCA‐SBA‐3814wasdocumentedasasmalllithicscatterwithfire‐affectedrock.34Noculturalmaterialwasobservedduringthecurrentsurvey.Basedoncomponentsinthesite35description(i.e.,agateandafence),thesiteappearstobeplottedincorrectly,andinactualityitis36locatedoutsideoftheprojectareaatleast0.5milesaway.3738SBCRP‐1.SiteSBCRP‐1isahistoricperiodculvertwhichappearstohavebeenconstructedmore39than50yearsago.Theculvertiscomposedofa4‐foot‐widecorrugatedpipewitha6‐foot‐high40retainingwalllocatedoneachsideofanorth‐southtrendingaccessroad.Thefeaturemeasures41approximately8feet(2.4meters)wide,witharockwalloneachsideofthepipe.Theculvert42appearstobeconstructedofnumerous“sandbags”joinedtogetherwithpouredcementor43concrete,formingaslightlycurvedretainingwalloneachsideoftheroad.Noartifactsorother44featureswereidentifiedinthevicinityofSBCRP‐1.SiteSBCRP‐1islocatedinSantaBarbaraCounty45alonganexistingaccessroadofSegment4.Theresourceappearstobepartofaroadimprovement46project,whichmayhavebeenusedtoaccessthesubtransmissionstructuresthatarepartofSBCRP‐473locatedinSegment4.4849
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐11 FINAL EIR
SBCRP‐2.SiteSBCRP‐2isaretainingwallthatappearstohavebeenconstructedmorethan501yearsago.ItislocatedinSantaBarbaraCounty,northwestofthenorth‐southtrendingaccessroad2andapproximately0.25milesnorth/northeastofSBCRP‐1.Thewallisconstructedofshaped3limestonerocksandmeasuresapproximately6feethighby10feetlong(1.8metershighby3.04meterslong).Severallarge(4‐foot,1.2‐meter)corrugatedpipesarelocatedontheeastsideofthe5road,approximately100feet(30meters)fromthewall.SimilartoSBCRP‐1,SBCRP‐2appearstobe6partoftheroadimprovementusedtoaccessthesubtransmissionstructuresthatarepartofSBCRP‐73locatedinSegment4.89SBCRP‐3.SiteSBCRP‐3consistsofthesubtransmissionstructuresthatcurrentlycarryaportionof10theSantaClara‐Ojai‐SantaBarbara66‐kilovolt(kV)SubtransmissionLine.Thishistoric11subtransmissionlineislocatedwithina4.1‐mileportionofSegment4inSantaBarbaraCounty.The12documentedportionofthesubtransmissionlineiscomposedof26latticesteeltowers,each13measuringapproximately30feet(9.1meters)high,withabasemeasuring3by3feet(0.9by0.914meters).Thelineappearstohavebeenconstructedinthe1930sandisvisibleontheVentura,15California(1941)30‐minuteseriestopographicquadrangle.Theuniformcompositionofthetowers16suggeststhatrelativelyfewimprovementshavetakenplacealongthedocumentedportionofthe17line;however,itisunknownwhetherthesearetheoriginaltowersconstructedinthe1930sortheir18subsequentreplacements.Ahistoricresourcesevaluationwasconductedfortheentire19transmissionlinethatincludesSBCRP‐3(Becker2012).Thetransmissionlineandtheassociated20towers,includingSBCRP‐3,werefoundtobeineligiblefortheCRHR.2122CA‐SBA‐3587.Thissitewasrecordedasasmallhabitationsite(MakiandCarbone2000).Flakes,23cores,tools,groundstone,fire‐affectedrock,marineshell,andmiddensoilwereallobservedatthe24site.Subsurfacetestingandextensivesurfacecollectionsweremadeatthesiteandreportedby25Giambastianiin2003.Thisinvestigationdefinedacentralcoretothesitewhichyieldedfinished26lithictools,groundstone,hearths,beads,andfaunalmaterial.Someofthelithicmaterialappearsto27havecomefrombeyondtheimmediatevicinityofthesite.Humanremainswerealsoreportedfrom28thecoreareaofthesite.Inadditiontothecorearea,anareastretchingtothenorthwasdefined29thatcontainedartifactsbutwithoutmiddensoils.In2008,someadditionaltestingwascompleted30byarchaeologistsfromtheSantaBarbaraMuseumofNaturalHistory.Radiocarbondating31completedbythemuseumindicatesthemainoccupationwasaround5000B.P.butthattherewere32anumberofsmalleroccupationslaterintime(Corbett2008a,2008b).3334TheeightstructurelocationsclosesttotheCarpinteriaSubstationarelocatedinareasof35Quaternaryalluvium.Asnotedabove,thisformationhasthepotentialtocontainburied36archaeologicalmaterial.3738Getty Tap 39
ThisshortsegmentwouldconnectSegment1withtheexistingSantaClara‐Gettytransmissionline.40Theterrainconsistedofsteephillsdissectedbyravinesandintermittentdrainages.Thethreepoles41thatwouldbereplacedalongtheproposedGettyTapweresurveyed,andallwerelocatedin42disturbedareasadjacenttoexistingpoles.Noculturalresourceswereencountered.4344Substations 45
Theproposedprojectinvolvesworkatfivesubstationsofhistoricage:Casitas(1924–1929),Santa46Barbara(1925),Carpinteria(1950),SantaClara(1958/1973),andGoleta(1963).Thesesubstations47havealsobeenevaluatedforeligibilityfortheCRHR(Becker2012).48
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐12 FINAL EIR
1CarpinteriaSubstation.TheCarpinteriaSubstationwasbuiltin1950inaModernisticstyle.The2substationcomplexincludesasinglecontrolhousebuildingthatissmallinscaleandrectilinearin3plan,withaflatroofandnowindows.Italsoincludesamultipleequipmentareacontaining4transformersandswitchracks.Thesubstationcomplexisoneofhundredsconstructedorputin5servicebySCEinthepost‐WorldWarIIperiod,anditisnoteligibleforinclusionontheCRHRorthe6NRHP(Becker2012:34–35).78CasitasSubstation.Originallyconstructedbetween1924and1929atCasitasSpringstoprovide9servicetotheunincorporatedcommunitiesofVentura,California,theCasitasSubstationwas10initiallyputinserviceinapproximately1924with15‐kVand60‐kVtransformerracks.Thecomplex11wasexpandedthrough1929toincludeaCraftsmanstylecottageandgarage(1924)forthe12propertycaretaker(s),andthroughtheadditionofaClassicalRevivalstylesubstationbuilding13(1929).TheCasitasSubstationBuildingappearstobeeligibleforlistingontheCRHRunderCRHR14Criterion1(events)andCriterion3(architecture)(Becker2012:26–29).Theexistingtransformer15racksandswitchracksatthepropertydonotappeartocontributetotheeligibilityoftheCasitas16SubstationBuilding.1718GoletaSubstation.TheGoletaSubstationwasbuiltin1963inaModernisticstyleandportions19weremodifiedin1964,1966,and1967.Thesubstationcomplexincludesacontrolhouse/switching20station/office,ashop/garagestructure,andalargebankoftransformersandassociatedelectrical21equipment.ThesubstationcomplexisoneofhundredsconstructedorputinservicebySCEinthe22post‐WorldWarIIperiod,anditisnoteligibleforinclusionontheCRHRortheNRHP(Becker232012:38–39).2425SantaBarbaraSubstation.Originallyconstructedin1925,theSCESantaBarbaraSubstationwas26designedandconstructedasasubstationcomplexfeaturingaClassicalRevivalstylesubstation27buildingthatmayhavealsofeaturedacaretaker’scottage.Today,thepropertyincludesthe192528substationbuilding,acirca1920sgaragebuiltintheCraftsmanstyle,andautilitarianshop/garage/29controlroomstructurethatappearstodatetothe1960sor1970s.TheSantaBarbaraSubstation30BuildingappearstobeindividuallyeligibleforlistingtotheCRHRunderCriterion3(architecture).31Theexistingautogarage,andshop/garage/controlroom,aswellastransformerracksand32switchracksattheproperty,donotappeartocontributetotheindividualeligibilityoftheSanta33BarbaraSubstationBuilding(Becker2012:29–34).3435SantaClaraSubstation.TheSantaClaraSubstationwasbuiltin1958inaModernisticstyleand36wasmodifiedin1973.Thesubstationcomplexincludesacontrolhouse/switchingstation,a37shop/crewoffice,afireequipmentstoragestructure,andseveralbanksoftransformersand38associatedelectricalequipment.Thesubstationcomplexisoneofhundredsconstructedorputin39servicebySCEinthepost‐WorldWarIIperiod,anditisnoteligibleforinclusionontheCRHRorthe40NRHP(Becker2012:36–38).4142Telecommunications 43
Telecommunicationslinesaretobestrungonthe66‐kVtransmissionstructures,andonlythe44portionsofthelinesenteringtheSantaClara,Casitas,andCarpinteriasubstationswouldbe45underground.Noculturalresourceswerefoundadjacenttothesesubstationsduringthesurveyof46thesegments,andthestringingoflineonexistingsubtransmissionstructureswouldnotimpactany47culturalresources.4849
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐13 FINAL EIR
De‐energizing Structures 1
Portionsoftheexistinglinesinallofthesegmentswillbede‐energizedandleftinplace.Thisaction2shouldnotresultinanygrounddisturbanceand,therefore,shouldhavenoimpactsoncultural3resources.454.5.1.2 Native American Consultation 67Inearly2012,SCErequestedthattheNativeAmericanHeritageCommission(NAHC)conducta8searchoftheSacredLandsFiletoidentifyculturalresourcesorareasofconcerntoNative9Americanswithinthevicinityoftheprojectarea.TheNAHC’ssearchdidnotindicatethepresence10ofanyknownculturalresources,anditprovidedalistof21NativeAmericanindividualsand11organizationsthatmayhaveknowledgeofculturalresourcesintheprojectarea.SCEsentlettersto12allrecommendedcontactsonFebruary27,2012.Twoindividuals,Mr.FreddyRomerooftheSanta13YnezBandofMissionIndians,andMs.BeverlySalazar‐Folkes(Chumash,Tataviam,Fernandeño)14respondedasofFebruary27,2012.Mr.Romerorequestedacopyoftheculturalresourcestechnical15reportspreparedfortheproposedprojectpriortothecirculationoftheproject’sCaliforniaPublic16UtilitiesCommission’s(CPUC’s)CEQAdocument.Ms.Salazar‐Folkesrequestedthatamonitorbe17presentduringground‐disturbingactivities.SCEattemptedfollow‐upphonecallstotheremaining18individualsbetweenApril11andApril16,2012.Asaresultofthisattempt,SuzyRuiz‐Parra19(Chumash)requestedthatanarchaeologicalmonitorbepresentifearth‐disturbingactivities20occurredneararchaeologicalsites,andbothRandyGuzman‐Folkes(Chumash,Tataviam,21Fernandeño,ShoshonePaiute,Yaqui)andMelissaParra‐Hernandez(Chumash)requestedthatthe22projectinformationberesenttothem.Thisinformationwasresentinearly2012(SCE2012).2324InJanuary2013,Mr.RomerocontactedSCEtorequestanothercopyoftheculturalresources25report.CopiesofallreportspertinenttotheprojectweresentonbehalfoftheCPUCfromEcology26andEnvironment,Inc.’sarchaeologistinFebruaryof2013.Uponreviewingthereports,Mr.Romero27statedthathehadnoconcernsrelatingtotheprojectatthattime,butprovidedinformationona28numberofpeopleinVenturaCountywhomayhaveadditionalcommentspertainingtothatportion29oftheproject.Mr.Romeroprovidedcontactinformationfortheseindividuals,andEcologyand30Environment,Inc.’sarchaeologistcontactedthembyemailandphoneonbehalfoftheCPUC.31ResponseswerereceivedfromMr.PatTumamait(Chumash),Ms.JulieTumamait(Chumash),and32Mr.AlanSalazar(Chumash).Ms.TumamaitstatedthatshewillreviewtheCPUCdocumentwhenit33ispublished,andsheidentifiedasensitiveareawithintheprojectarea.3435OnMay6,2013,theCPUCmetwithtwomembersoftheChumashcommunitywhorequestedto36meetregardingtheproject.Mr.PatTumamaitandMr.MichaelCorderodiscussedhowtheproject37siterelatestoChumashlegendandtheareasofsensitivityalongtheprojectcorridor.38394.5.1.3 Paleontological Resources 4041Paleontology Record Search 42
AlocalitysearchwasconductedthroughtheonlinedatabaseoftheUniversityofCaliforniaMuseum43ofPaleontology,locatedonthecampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Thislocalitysearch44includedareviewoftheareageologyandanyknownpaleontologicalresourcesrecoveredfromthe45surroundingarea,aswellasthegeologicunitsthatwilllikelybeencounteredduringexcavation46activitiesassociatedwiththeproposedproject.4748
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐14 FINAL EIR
Accordingtothelocalityandarchivalresearchallofthemappedformationshaveproducedfossils1andhavealowtohighpaleontologicalsensitivity(Table4.5‐4Table4.5‐2).23Table 4.5‐4 Geologic Units and Paleontological Sensitivity within the Project Area
Segment Geologic Unit Age Typical Fossil Types
Paleontological Resource Potential
3A,3B,4 QuaternaryAlluvium Quaternary Vertebrates;Invertebrates
LowtoHigh(IncreaseswithDepth)
1 LasPosasFormation Pleistocene MarineInvertebrates,RareVertebrates
High
1 SantaBarbaraFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1 PicoFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1 SisquocFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1 MontereyFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1,2,3B,4 MontereyFormation Miocene TerrestrialVertebrates High1,2,3B,4 RinconFormation Miocene TerrestrialVertebrates High2,3B,4 VaquerosFormation Eocene‐
OligoceneTerrestrialVertebrates High
2,3B,4 SespeFormation Eocene‐Oligocene
TerrestrialVertebrates High
4 ColdwaterSandstone Eocene MarineInvertebrates,RareVertebrates
High
4GeologicmappingindicatesthattheprojectareacontainsexposuresoftheColdwatersandstone,5Sespeformation,Rinconformation,Montereyformation,Sisquocformation,Picoformation,Santa6Barbaraformation,LasPosasformation,Quaternaryalluvium,andQuaternarylandslidesfromthe7Holocene(Conkling2012).89QuaternaryAlluvium.HoloceneandUpperPleistocenealluviumandcolluviumarepresentwithin10theCoastalPlainareasofCarpinteria.Thesepoorlyconsolidatedsilt,sand,andgraveldepositswere11depositedalongmoderndrainagesandpiedmontalluvialfansandfloodplains.Becausethisunit12spansboththeHoloceneandPleistoceneEpochs,thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunit13increasesfromlowtohighwithincreasesindepth.WhereQuaternaryalluviumwasdeposited14duringtheHolocene(from10,000yearsagotothepresent),thereisnosensitivityforfossils15becausefossils,bydefinition,aremorethan10,000yearsold.Bycontrast,fossilsfromPleistocene16alluvialsedimentsarewellrepresentedthroughouttheTransverseRanges.1718LasPosasFormation.TheLasPosasFormationisPleistoceneinage(approximately250,000years19old).Itiscomposedofweaklyconsolidatedsandstoneswithsomegravellysandunits,andishighly20susceptibletolandslides.Thisformationcontainsshallowwaterinvertebratefauna,andaraytooth21hasbeenfoundinthesesediments(Conkling2012:24).Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitis22high.2324SantaBarbaraFormation.TheSantaBarbaraFormationisanEarlytoMiddlePleistocene(2.525millionto750,000yearsold)marineformationprimarilycomposedofpoorlyconsolidated26claystoneandshalewithsomeareasofsandstone.Thisformationcontainsdiversemarine27invertebrateassemblages,althoughnoneofthesehavebeenfoundinthevicinityoftheprojectarea.28Thenearestrecordedlocalityisapproximately4mileswest‐southwestoftheprojectarea.The29paleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.30
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐15 FINAL EIR
1PicoFormation.ThePliocenetoPleistocene(approximately3.5to1.0millionyearsold)Pico2Formationwasdepositedinamarineenvironment,andiscomposedofbothcoarse‐grainedsand3andconglomerateunits,withmoresiltandclaydominatedunitsinsomeareas.Thisformation4containssporadicfossildepositsconsistingprimarilyofinvertebratessuchasgastropods,bivalves,5arthropods,andforaminifera.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.67SisquocFormation.TheSisquocFormationisofUpperMioceneandLowerPlioceneage8(approximately6to4millionyearsold).Theformationconsistsofclaystone,mudstone,siltstone,9shale,diatomite,andconglomerates,withconsiderableregionalvariation,andwasdepositedina10moderatelydeepmarineenvironment.Fossilshavebeenfoundinthisformation,primarilyinthe11areaofLompocapproximately50milestothenorthwestoftheProject.Inadditiontotheabundant12diatomsthatmakeupthediatomite,fossilsofvertebratessuchassealionsandwalruses,bonyand13cartilaginousfishes,andbirdshavebeenfoundintheSisquocFormation.Allknownfossillocalities14havebeeninareasalongthecoastwheretheSisquocFormationisexposedduetoerosion.The15paleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.1617MontereyFormation.TheMontereyFormationisanextensiveMiocene(16to6millionyearsold)18oil‐richsedimentarydeposit.Fossilsofmarinevertebrates(whales,seals,sealions,dolphins,19porpoises),fish,andbirdsarerelativelycommonfromtheformation;however,nolocalitieshave20beenidentifiedwithin10milesoftheprojectarea.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.2122RinconFormation.TheRinconFormationisLowerMioceneinage(24to17.5millionyearsold)23andisexposedalongthecoastalportionsofsouthernSantaBarbaraCountyeastwardintoVentura24County.Consistingofmassivetopoorlybeddedshale,mudstone,andsiltstone,itweathersreadily25toaroundedhillytopographywithclayey,loamysoils.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitis26high.2728ShalesoftheRinconFormationweredepositedonthedeepseafloorduringthetimeatwhichthe29Mioceneseareacheditsgreatestdepth.MicrofossilsarecommonintheRinconFormation,andhave30beenhelpfulindatingtheunit.Thefaunalassemblageindicatesthattheseawastropicalto31subtropicalatthistime.Formaniferalremainsinparticularareabundant.Bothvertebrateand32invertebratefossilshavebeenrecovered.Thesecollectinglocalitiesareapproximately5milessouth33ofSegment3B.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.3435VaquerosFormation.TheVaquerosFormationwasinitiallydepositedduringtheUpperOligocene36(28to24millionyearsold).Sedimentscharacteristicofthisformationincludestructurelessvery37finetomediumgrainedsandstonewithsomelargecross‐beddingandparallellaminationinsome38areas.Fossilspresentintheformationincludeinvertebratesandterrestrialvertebratespecimens.39Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.4041SespeFormation.TheSespeFormationisanOligoceneandUpperEocene(40to24millionyears42old),nonmarine,fluvial,maroon,reddish‐brown,andgreenish‐topinkish‐graysandstone,43mudstone,andconglomerate.IntheProjectArea,theformationisdividedintothreeinformal44subunits:uppersandstoneandmudstoneunit,middleconglomerateandsandstoneunit,andthe45lowerconglomerateandsandstoneunit.Theseunitsaredistinguishedfromeachothermainlyby46differencesinlithology,provenance,andage.4748
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐16 FINAL EIR
NumerousvertebratefossilshavebeenfoundintheSespeFormation,withtheprincipallocationsof1thefindsnorthofSimiValleyinVenturaCounty.Afewofthemanyspeciesassociatedwiththe2SespeFormationincludeAmynodontopsis(anEocenerhinoceros),Simimys,arodent,andthe3oreodontSespia.ThenearestknownlocalitywithintheSespeFormationisapproximately8miles4fromtheprojectarea.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.56ColdwaterSandstoneFormation.TheColdwaterSandstoneFormationisanUpperandMiddle7Eocenesandstoneofshallowmarineorigin(42.5to39.5millionyearsold).Sandstonebedsare8resistantandformhogbackswheresteeplydipping.Theupperpartoftheunitislocally9conglomeratic,richinfossiloystershells,andrecentlyproducedalimitedmarinevertebratefauna.10Fossilsofnumerousmollusks,includingmanyspeciesofthegenusTurritella,canbefoundinthe11ColdwaterSandstoneFormation,particularlynearthetopoftheformationwherethewaterattime12ofdepositionwasshallowest.OutcropsalongOldSanMarcosPassRoadnearthecontactwiththe13SespeFormationarerichlocationsforfindingremnantsofthesegastropods.Theremnantsof14oysterbedscanbefoundelsewherenearthetopcontactwiththeSespeFormation.The15paleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.1617Paleontology Field Survey 18
Afieldsurveyforpaleontologicalresourceswasconductedandincludedviewingproposednewspur19roadlocationsandexaminingproposedsubtransmissionstructurelocations.Throughoutthe20survey,exposuresofnativerockwereexaminedtoverifythelocalgeologyandlookforfossil21resources.Althoughnofossilswereidentifiedwithintheprojectareaduringthepaleontological22fieldsurvey,sedimentsconsistentwiththedescriptionsoftheformationswereobservedinareas23correspondinglymappedwithinthoseunits.242566‐kV Subtransmission Lines 26
Segment 1 27
Segment1crossesareasofLosPosas,SantaBarbara,Pico,Sisquoc,Rincon,andSespeformations.28Althoughnofossilswereobservedduringthefieldsurvey,alltheseformationshaveahighpotential29toyieldpaleontologicalresources.3031Segment 2 32
Segment2traversesareasofRinconandSespeformations.Bothoftheseformationshaveahigh33potentialtoyieldpaleontologicalresources.3435Segment 3A 36
Segment3Acrossesonlyoneformation,QuaternaryAlluvium.Thisformationrangesfrom2.5837millionto10,000yearsold,althoughHoloceneAlluviumdatingtoafter10,000yearsagoisalso38presentinthisunit.Becauseofthis,thepotentialforyieldingpaleontologicalresourcesisratedlow39tohigh.Theyoungerportionshavenosensitivity,buttheportionsthatareover10,000yearsold40areconsideredtohaveamoderatetohighpotentialtoyieldpaleontologicalresources.4142Segment 3B 43
QuaternaryAlluvium,aswellMonterey,Rincon,andSespeformationsunderlieSegment3B.As44discussedabove,theyoungerportionsoftheQuaternaryAlluviumarenotsensitivefor45
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐17 FINAL EIR
paleontologicalresources,buttheolder(after10,000yearsago)portionsarehighlysensitive.The1Monterey,Rincon,andSespeformationsarealsohighlysensitive.23Segment 4 4
Segment4crossesasmallareaofQuaternaryAlluviumatitswesternend,runsoverSespe5formationformostofitslength,butcrossesanareaofColdwaterSandstone,andendswitha6sectionofRinconformation.Asdiscussedabove,theolderportionsoftheQuaternaryAlluvium7haveahighsensitivityforpaleontologicalresources,whereasthemorerecent(youngerthan810,000years)portionshavenosensitivity.Theotherformationscrossedbythissegmenthavehigh9sensitivityforpaleontologicalresources.1011Segment 5 12
Atthecompletionoftheprojecttheapplicantproposestoremoveanadditional12LSTandtwo13woodH‐framestructureslocatedbetweenSegments3Band4.Thisworkwouldoccurinareasof14QuaternaryAlluvium,Rinconformation,Montereyformation,andSespeformation.Quaternary15Alluviumthatisover10,000yearsoldhasahighsensitivityorpaleontologicalresources,but16youngerQuaternaryAlluviumisnotsensitive.Theotherformationsonwhichstructureswillbe17removedhavehighsensitivityforpaleontologicalresources1819Getty Tap 20
TheGettyTapcrossesSantaBarbaraformation.Thisformationhasahighsensitivityfor21paleontologicalresources.2223Substations 24
Theproposedprojectinvolvesworkatfivesubstationsofhistoricage:Subsurfaceworkisproposed25attheSantaClara,Casitas,andCarpinteriaSubstations.TheworkattheGoletaandSantaBarbara26Substationswillnotentailground‐disturbingactivitiesandarenotconsideredinthediscussion27below.2829SantaClaraSubstation.TheSantaClaraSubstationislocatedontheLasPosasformation.This30formationhashighsensitivityforcontainingpaleontologicalresources.3132CasitasSubstation.TheRinconformationunderliestheCasitasSubstation.TheRinconformation33isratedashavingahighsensitivityforpaleontologicalresources.3435CarpinteriaSubstation.TheCarpinteriaSubstationislocatedinanareaofQuaternaryAlluvium.36Theolderportionsofthisalluvium,thoseolderthan10,000years,haveahighsensitivityfor37paleontologicalresources.3839Telecommunications 40
Telecommunicationslinesaretobestrungonthe66‐kVtransmissionstructures,andonlythe41portionsofthelinesenteringtheSantaClara,Casitas,andCarpinteriaSubstationswithinthe42substationperimeterwouldbeunderground.ThesesubstationsarelocatedinareasofLasPosas43formation,Rinconformation,andQuaternaryAlluvium.TheLasPosasandRinconformations,as44wellasthepost‐10,000yearoldportionsoftheQuaternaryAlluviumallhaveahighsensitivityfor45paleontologicalresources.46
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐18 FINAL EIR
14.5.2 Regulatory Setting 23Thissectionsummarizesfederal,state,andlocallaws,regulations,andstandardsthatgovern4culturalresourcesintheprojectarea.564.5.2.1 Federal 78National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 9
Enactedin1966,theNationalHistoricPreservationAct(NHPA)declaredanationalpolicyof10historicpreservationandinstitutedamultifacetedprogram,administeredbytheSecretaryofthe11Interior,toencouragetheachievementofpreservationgoalsatthefederal,state,andlocallevels.12TheNHPAauthorizedtheexpansionandmaintenanceoftheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces13(NRHP),establishedthepositionofStateHistoricPreservationOfficer(SHPO)andprovidedforthe14designationofStateReviewBoards,setupamechanismtocertifylocalgovernmentstocarryout15thepurposesoftheNHPA,assistedNativeAmericantribestopreservetheirculturalheritage,and16createdtheAdvisoryCouncilonHistoricPreservation(ACHP).Section106oftheNHPAstatesthat17federalagencieswithdirectorindirectjurisdictionoverfederallyfunded,assisted,orlicensed18undertakingsmusttakeintoaccounttheeffectoftheundertakingonanyhistoricpropertythatis19includedin,oreligibleforinclusionin,theNRHPandthattheACHPmustbeaffordedan20opportunitytocomment,throughaprocessoutlinedintheACHPregulationsat36CodeofFederal21Regulations(CFR)Part800,onsuchundertakings.2223National Register of Historic Places 24
Aspresentedin36CFR60.2,theNRHPwasestablishedbytheNHPAof1966as“anauthoritative25guidetobeusedbyfederal,state,andlocalgovernments,privategroups,andcitizenstoidentifythe26Nation’sculturalresourcesandtoindicatewhatpropertiesshouldbeconsideredforprotection27fromdestructionorimpairment.”TheNRHPrecognizespropertiesthataresignificantatthe28national,state,andlocallevels.TobeeligibleforlistingintheNRHP,aresourcemustbesignificant29inAmericanhistory,architecture,archaeology,engineering,orculture.Districts,sites,buildings,30structures,andobjectsofpotentialsignificancemustalsopossessintegrityoflocation,design,31setting,materials,workmanship,feeling,andassociation.ApropertyiseligiblefortheNRHPifitis32significantunderoneormoreofthefollowingcriteria:3334
Criterion A: It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad 35patterns of our history. 36
Criterion B: It is associated with the lives of persons who are significant in our past. 37
Criterion C: It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of 38construction; represents the work of a master; possesses high artistic values; or represents a 39significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. 40
Criterion D: It has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or 41history. 42
Cemeteries,birthplaces,orgravesofhistoricfigures;propertiesownedbyreligiousinstitutionsor43usedforreligiouspurposes;structuresthathavebeenmovedfromtheiroriginallocations;44reconstructedhistoricbuildings;andpropertiesthatareprimarilycommemorativeinnatureare45notconsideredeligiblefortheNRHPunlesstheysatisfycertainconditions.Ingeneral,aresource46
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐19 FINAL EIR
mustbeatleast50yearsofagetobeconsideredfortheNRHP,unlessitsatisfiesastandardof1exceptionalimportance.23Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 4
TheNativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct(NAGPRA)of1990setsprovisionsfor5theintentionalremovalandinadvertentdiscoveryofhumanremainsandotherculturalitemsfrom6federalandtriballands.Itclarifiestheownershipofhumanremainsandsetsforthaprocessfor7repatriationofhumanremainsandassociatedfuneraryobjectsandsacredreligiousobjectstothe8NativeAmericangroupsclaimingtobelinealdescendantsorculturallyaffiliatedwiththeremains9orobjects.ItrequiresanyfederallyfundedinstitutionhousingNativeAmericanremainsorartifacts10tocompileaninventoryofallculturalitemswithinthemuseumorwithitsagencyandtoprovidea11summarytoanyNativeAmericantribeclaimingaffiliation.12134.5.2.2 State 14
California Office of Historic Preservation 15
TheStateofCaliforniaimplementstheNHPAthroughitsstatewidecomprehensivecultural16resourcessurveysandpreservationprograms.TheCaliforniaOfficeofHistoricPreservation,asan17officeoftheCaliforniaDepartmentofParksandRecreation,implementsthepoliciesoftheNHPAon18astatewidelevel.TheOfficeofHistoricPreservationalsomaintainstheCaliforniaHistoric19ResourcesInventory.TheStateHistoricPreservationOfficerisanappointedofficialwho20implementshistoricpreservationprogramswithinthestate’sjurisdictions.2122California Register of Historical Resources 23
TheCRHRisanauthoritativelistingandguidetobeusedbystateandlocalagencies,privategroups,24andcitizensinidentifyingtheexistinghistoricalresourcesofthestateandtoindicatewhich25resourcesdeservetobeprotected,totheextentprudentandfeasible,fromsubstantialadverse26change(PRC§5024.1[a]).ThecriteriaforeligibilityforlistingontheCRHRarebasedonNRHP27criteria(PRC§5024.1[b]).Certainresourcesaredeterminedbythestatutetobeautomatically28includedintheCRHR,includingCaliforniapropertiesformallydeterminedeligiblefor,orlistedin,29theNRHP.3031California Environmental Quality Act 32
MostcountiesandcitiesinCaliforniahaveregulationsthataddresspaleontologicalresources.At33thestatelevel,CEQArequirespublicagenciesandprivateintereststoidentifyenvironmental34consequencesoftheirproposedprojectsonanyobjectorsiteofsignificancetothescientificannals35ofCalifornia.3637Public Resources Code Sections 38
PRC5020–5024.Thesesectionsarestatutesthatpertaintotheprotectionofhistoricalresources.3940PRC5024.1.ThissectiondefineshistoricalresourcesandestablishestheCRHR,setsforthcriteria41todetermineresourcesignificance,definesCRHR‐eligibleresources,andlistsnomination42procedures.4344
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐20 FINAL EIR
PRC5097.5,PRC5097.9,andPRC30244.Thesesectionsregulatetheremovalofpaleontological1resourcesfromstatelands,defineunauthorizedremovaloffossilresourcesasamisdemeanor,and2requiremitigationofdisturbedsites,respectively.34PRC5097.91throughPRC5097.991.Thesesectionspertaintotheestablishmentandauthorities5oftheNAHC.TheyalsoprohibittheacquisitionorpossessionofNativeAmericanartifactsorhuman6remainstakenfromaNativeAmericangraveorcairn,exceptinaccordancewithanagreement7reachedwiththeNAHC,andprovideforNativeAmericanremainsandassociatedgraveartifactsto8berepatriated.910PRC5097.98(b)and(e).ThesesectionsrequirealandowneronwhosepropertyNativeAmerican11humanremainsarefoundtolimitfurtherdevelopmentactivityinthevicinityuntilconferringwith12themostlikelydescendants(asidentifiedbytheNAHC)toconsidertreatmentoptions.1314PRC5097.993throughPRC5097.994.ThesesectionsestablishtheNativeAmericanHistoric15ResourceProtectionAct,whichmakesitamisdemeanorcrimetoperformunlawfulandmalicious16excavation,removal,ordestructionofNativeAmericanarchaeologicalorhistoricalsitesonpublic17orprivatelands.1819PRC6254(r).ThissectionestablishestheCaliforniaPublicRecordsAct,whichprotectsNative20Americangraves,cemeteries,andsacredplacesmaintainedbytheNAHCbyprotectingrecordsof21suchresourcesfrompublicdisclosure.2223PRC21083.2.ThissectionoftheCEQAStatuteprovidesfortheprotectionof“unique”24archaeologicalresourcesasdefinedintheStatute.Ifitcanbedemonstratedthataprojectwillcause25damagetoauniquearchaeologicalresource,theleadagencymayrequirethatreasonableeffortsbe26madetopreservedinplaceoravoidtheresources.Thissectionalsoestablishesmitigation27requirementsfortheexcavation(datarecovery)ofuniquearchaeologicalresources.Seealso28Section15064.5(c)oftheCEQAGuidelines(14CCR).2930PRC21084.1.ThissectionoftheCEQAStatuteestablishesthatanadverseeffectonahistorical31resourcequalifiesasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.SeealsoSections15064.5and3215126.4(b)oftheCEQAGuidelines(14CCR).3334PRC65092.Thissectionprovidesfornoticeofprojectsinconsiderationforconstructiontobesent35toCaliforniaNativeAmericantribeswhoareonthecontactlistmaintainedbytheNAHC.3637California Code of Regulations Sections 38
14CCR1427.ThiscoderecognizesthatCalifornia’sarchaeologicalresourcesareendangeredby39urbandevelopmentandpopulationgrowthandbynaturalforces.Itdeclaresthattheseresources40needtobepreservedinordertoilluminateandincreasepublicknowledgeofthehistoricand41prehistoricpastofCalifornia.424314CCR4307.Thiscodestatesthatnopersonshallremove,injure,deface,ordestroyanyobjectof44paleontological,archaeological,orhistoricalinterestorvalue.454614CCR15064.5.ThissectionoftheCEQAGuidelinesrecognizesthatahistoricalresourceincludes:47(1)aresourcelistedin,ordeterminedtobeeligibleby,theStateHistoricalResourcesCommission48forlistingintheCRHR;(2)aresourceincludedinalocalregisterofhistoricalresources;and(3)any49
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐21 FINAL EIR
object,building,structure,site,area,place,record,ormanuscriptthataleadagencydeterminesto1behistoricallysignificantorsignificantinthearchitectural,engineering,scientific,economic,2agricultural,educational,social,political,military,orculturalannalsofCaliforniabythelead3agency,providedtheleadagency’sdeterminationissupportedbysubstantialevidenceinlightof4thewholerecord.Insomecases,anarchaeologicalresourcemaybeconsideredahistorical5resource.6714CCR15064.5(c).Ifanarchaeologicalresourcedoesnotmeetthecriteriaforahistorical8resourcecontainedintheCEQAGuidelinesSection15064.5,itmaybetreatedinaccordancewith9theprovisionsofPRCSection21083.2ifitisa“unique”archaeologicalresource.Ifanarchaeological10resourceisneitheruniquenorhistorical,effectsoftheproposedprojectontheresourcewouldnot11beconsideredasignificanteffect.121314CCR15126.4(b).ThissectionoftheCEQAGuidelinesestablishesmitigationguidelinesfor14effectsonhistoricalresourcesandhistoricalresourcesofanarchaeologicalnature.1516Health and Safety Code (HSC) 17
HSC7050throughHSC7054.Thesesectionsarestatutesthatpertaintodisturbanceandremoval18ofhumanremains,felonyoffensesrelatedtohumanremains,anddepositinghumanremains19outsideofacemetery.2021HSC8010throughHSC8011.TheseHSCsectionsestablishtheCaliforniaNativeAmericanGraves22ProtectionandRepatriationAct,whichisconsistentwithandfacilitatesimplementationofthe23federalNativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct.2425Senate Concurrent Resolutions 26
Number43.Thisresolutionrequiresallstateagenciestocooperatewithprogramsof27archaeologicalsurveyandexcavationandtopreserveknownarchaeologicalresourceswheneverit28isreasonabletodoso.2930Number87.ThisresolutionprovidesfortheidentificationandprotectionoftraditionalNative31Americanresource‐gatheringsitesonstateland.3233Penal Code Section 622 (Destruction of Sites) 34
Thiscodeestablishesasamisdemeanorthewillfulinjury,disfiguration,defacement,ordestruction35ofanyobjectorthingofarchaeologicalorhistoricalinterestorvalue,whethersituatedonprivateor36publiclands.3738Paleontological Resources Under CEQA 39
Althoughpaleontologicalresourcesrelatetogeologicalconditions(thatis,theyareusuallyfound40onlyinsedimentaryrockorsoils),theCEQAAppendixGchecklistincludesthisanalysisunderthe41culturalresourcescategory.Exceptforthechecklist,therearenostatelaws,regulations,or42standardsapplicabletopaleontologicalresourcesonprivateproperty.4344
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐22 FINAL EIR
4.5.2.3 Regional and Local 12TheCPUChassoleandexclusivestatejurisdictionoverthesitinganddesignoftheproposed3project.TheCPUChasadoptedGeneralOrder(GO)131‐Dtoregulatetheconstructionofelectric4publicutilityfacilities.GO131‐D,SectionXIV.B.statesthat“...localjurisdictionsactingpursuantto5localauthorityarepreemptedfromregulatingelectricpowerlineprojects,distributionlines,6substations,orelectricfacilitiesconstructedbypublicutilitiessubjecttotheCommission’s7jurisdiction.”GO131‐D,SectionXVstatesthat“Acoastaldevelopmentpermitshallbeobtained8fromtheCaliforniaCoastalCommissionfordevelopmentoffacilitiessubjecttothisorderinthe9CoastalZone.”Aspartofitsenvironmentalreviewprocess,SCEconsideredlocalplansandpolicies10andlocallanduseprioritiesandconcerns.Thesearediscussedbelow.1112Santa Barbara County Coastal Land Use Plan, Archaeological and Historical Policies 13
TheSantaBarbaraCountyCoastalLandUsePlancontainsanumberofpoliciesrelatedtohistorical14andarchaeologicalresources,including:1516
Policy10‐1.Allavailablemeasures,includingpurchase,taxrelief,purchaseofdevelopment17rights,etc.,shallbeexploredtoavoiddevelopmentonsignificanthistoric,prehistoric,18archaeological,andotherclassesofculturalsites.19
Policy10‐2.Whendevelopmentsareproposedforparcelswherearchaeologicalorothercultural20sitesarelocated,projectdesignshallberequiredwhichavoidsimpactstosuchculturalsitesif21possible.22
Policy10‐3.Whensufficientplanningflexibilitydoesnotpermitavoidingconstructionon23archaeologicalorothertypesofculturalsites,adequatemitigationshallberequired.Mitigation24shallbedesignedinaccordwithguidelinesoftheStateOfficeofHistoricPreservationandthe25StateofCaliforniaNativeAmericanHeritageCommission.26
Policy10‐4.Off‐roadvehicleuse,unauthorizedcollectingofartifacts,andotheractivitiesother27thandevelopmentwhichcoulddestroyordamagearchaeologicalorculturalsitesshallbe28prohibited.29
Policy10‐5.NativeAmericansshallbeconsultedwhendevelopmentproposalsaresubmitted30whichimpactsignificantarchaeologicalorculturalsites.31
32Santa Barbara County Comprehensive Plan, Land Use Element, Historical and Archaeological Sites 33Policies 34
TheSantaBarbaraCountyComprehensivePlan,LandUseElementcontainsanumberofpolicies35relatedtohistoricalandarchaeologicalresources,including:3637
Policy1.Allavailablemeasures,includingpurchase,taxrelief,purchaseofdevelopmentrights,38andothers,shallbeexploredtoavoiddevelopmentonsignificanthistoric,prehistoric,39archaeological,andotherclassesofculturalsites.40
Policy2.Whendevelopmentsareproposedforparcelswherearchaeologicalorothercultural41sitesarelocated,projectdesignshallberequiredwhichavoidsimpactstosuchculturalsitesif42possible.43
Policy3.Whensufficientplanningflexibilitydoesnotpermitavoidingconstructionon44archaeologicalorothertypesofculturalsites,adequatemitigationshallberequired.Mitigation45
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐23 FINAL EIR
shallbedesignedinaccordwithguidelinesoftheStateOfficeofHistoricPreservationandthe1StateofCaliforniaNativeAmericanHeritageCommission.2
Policy4.Off‐roadvehicleuse,unauthorizedcollectionofartifacts,andotheractivitiesotherthan3developmentwhichcoulddestroyordamagearchaeologicalorculturalsitesshallbeprohibited.4
Policy5.NativeAmericansshallbeconsultedwhendevelopmentproposalsaresubmittedwhich5impactsignificantarchaeologicalorculturalsites.6
7Ventura County General Plan 8
TheVenturaCountyGeneralPlancontainsanumberofgoalsandpoliciesrelatedtopaleontological9andculturalresources.ThegoalscontainedintheGeneralPlanareasfollows:1011
Goal1.Identify,inventory,preserve,andprotectthepaleontologicalandculturalresourcesof12VenturaCounty(includingarchaeological,historical,andNativeAmericanresources)fortheir13scientific,educational,andculturalvalue.14
Goal2.Enhancecooperationwithcities,specialdistricts,otherappropriateorganizations,and15privatelandownersinacknowledgingandpreservingtheCounty'spaleontologicalandcultural16resources.17
18ThepoliciescontainedintheVenturaCountyGeneralPlanthatmayapplytonondiscretionary19developmentsareasfollows:2021
Policy3.Mitigationofsignificantimpactsonculturalorpaleontologicalresourcesshallfollowthe22GuidelinesoftheStateOfficeofHistoricPreservation,theStateNAHC,andshallbeperformedin23consultationwithprofessionalsintheirrespectiveareasofexpertise24
Policy4.ConfidentialityregardinglocationsofarchaeologicalsitesthroughouttheCountyshall25bemaintainedinordertopreserveandprotecttheseresourcesfromvandalismandthe26unauthorizedremovalofartifacts.27
Policy6.TheBuildingandSafetyDivisionshallemploytheStateHistoricBuildingCodefor28preservinghistoricsitesinthecounty.2930
City of Carpinteria General Plan 31
TheCityofCarpinteriaGeneralPlancontainsanumberofpoliciesrelatedtohistoricaland32archaeologicalresources,including:33
OSC‐16:Carefullyreviewanydevelopmentthatmaydisturbimportantarchaeologicalor34historicallyvaluablesites. 35
364.5.3 Impact Analysis 37384.5.3.1 Methodology and Significance Criteria 3940Theculturalresourcestechnicalreportsthathavebeenpreparedfortheproposedproject41(SwitalskiandBardsley2012a,2012b;Schmidt2013;Leftwichetal.2014);Proponent’s42EnvironmentalAssessment(PEA)documents(SCE2012);andDepartmentofParksandRecreation43siteandisolateformswereallreviewedasresearchsourcesforthisdocument.Additional44backgroundresearchwasalsoconductedonthegeneralprojectareaandonCEQAstatutesto45
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐24 FINAL EIR
ensurethatimpactassessmentsandmitigationmeasuresareadequatetoappropriatelymitigate1theimpactstoresources.23CulturalresourcesrecordssearcheswereconductedforthePEAattheSouthCentralCoastal4InformationCenter,locatedatCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton,andattheCentralCoast5InformationCenter,locatedattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbarafortheculturalresources6surveys(asnotedpreviously)todeterminetheextentofpreviousculturalresourcesinvestigations7within0.5milesofthetransmissionlines,todeterminewhetheranyarchaeologicalsitesor8architecturalresourceshavebeenpreviouslyidentifiedwithinthearea.Materialsreviewedaspart9oftherecordssearchincludedarchaeologicalsiterecords,historicmaps,andlistingsofresources10ontheNRHP,theCRHR,CaliforniaPointsofHistoricalInterest,CaliforniaLandmarks,andNational11HistoricLandmarks.1213Forpaleontologicalresources,thepaleontologicalresourcesreport(Conkling2012)wasreviewed.14Thisreportincludedtheresultsofalocalitysearchconductedthroughtheonlinedatabaseofthe15UniversityofCaliforniaMuseumofPaleontologyandreviewofpertinentgeologicalmaps,aswellas16theresultsofthefieldsurveyconductedfortheproposedproject.1718ThesignificancecriteriaweredefinedbasedonthechecklistitemsinAppendixGoftheCEQA19Guidelines.Animpactisconsideredsignificantiftheprojectwould:2021
a) Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofahistoricalresourceasdefinedin22§15064.5;23
b) Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofanarchaeologicalresource24pursuantto§15064.5;25
c) Directlyorindirectlydestroyauniquepaleontologicalresourceorsiteoruniquegeologic26feature;or27
d) Disturbanyhumanremains,includingthoseinterredoutsideofformalcemeteries.2829Culturalresourcesincludearchaeologicalandhistoricobjects,sitesanddistricts,historicbuildings30andstructures,andsitesandresourcesofconcerntolocalNativeAmericansandotherethnic31groups.CulturalresourcesthatmeetthecriteriaofeligibilityfortheCRHRaretermed“historic32resources.”ArchaeologicalresourcesthatdonotmeetCRHRcriteriaalsomaybeevaluatedas33“unique”;impactsonsuchresourcescouldbeconsideredsignificant,asdescribedbelow.3435AsitemeetsthecriteriaforinclusionontheCRHRif:3637
1. Itisassociatedwitheventsthathavemadeasignificantcontributiontothebroadpatterns38ofCalifornia’sHistoryandCulturalHeritage;39
2. ItisassociatedwiththelifeorlivesofapersonorpeopleimportanttoCalifornia’spast;40
3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of41construction,orrepresentstheworkofanimportantcreativeindividual,orpossesseshigh42artisticvalues;or43
4. Ithasyielded,ormaybelikelytoyield,informationimportanttoprehistoryorhistory.4445AresourceeligiblefortheCRHRmustmeetoneofthecriteriaofsignificancedescribedaboveand46retainenoughofitshistoriccharacterorappearance(integrity)toberecognizableasahistorical47
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐25 FINAL EIR
resourceandtoconveythereasonforitssignificance.Itispossiblethatahistoricresourcemaynot1retainsufficientintegritytomeetthecriteriaforlistingintheNRHP,butitmaystillbeeligiblefor2listingintheCRHR.344.5.3.2 Applicant Proposed Measures 56Theapplicanthascommittedtothefollowingapplicantproposedmeasures(APMs)aspartofthe7designoftheproposedproject(seeChapter2,Table2‐10forafulldescriptionofeachAPM):89APMCUL‐1:Avoidance,Minimization,andMitigation.Potentialproject‐relatedeffectsonhistorical10resourcesmaybemitigatedorreducedtoalessthansignificantlevelbyimplementingSCE’s11culturalresourcesUnanticipatedDiscoveryPlanandemployingoneormorestandardpractice12mitigationscenariosincluding,butnotlimitedto:1314
PrehistoricResources15
- avoidwherefeasible(avoidancebydesign,preserveinplace,capping)16
- minimize(reductionofAreaofDirectImpact/Effect)17
- mitigate(historiccontextstatement,datarecovery)18
HistoricResources19
- avoidwherefeasible(avoidancebydesign,preserveinplace,capping)20
- minimize(reductionofAreaofDirectImpact/Effect)21
- mitigate(historiccontextstatement,datarecovery)22
HistoricArchitecture/UtilityInfrastructure23
- avoidwherefeasible(avoidancebydesign,preserveinplace)24
- minimize(reductionofAreaofDirectImpact/Effect)25
- mitigate(historiccontextstatement,HistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord,Historic26AmericanBuildingSurvey,advancedCaliforniaDepartmentofParksandRecreation27recordation)28
29Theapplicant’sUnanticipatedDiscoveryPlanwoulddescribetheprocedurestobefollowedinthe30eventthatpreviouslyunidentifiedculturalresourcesarediscoveredduringconstructionofthe31proposedproject.Ifpreviouslyunidentifiedculturalresourcesarediscoveredduringconstruction,32personnelwouldbeinstructedtosuspendworkinthevicinityofthefind.3334TheresourcewouldthenbeevaluatedforlistingintheCRHRbyaqualifiedarchaeologist,and,ifthe35resourceisdeterminedtobeeligibleforlistingintheCRHR,eithertheresourcewouldbeavoided36ormitigated.appropriatearchaeologicalprotectivemeasureswouldbeimplemented.Ifhuman37skeletalremainsareuncoveredduringconstructionoftheproposedproject,theapplicantand/or38itscontractorsshallimmediatelyhaltallworkintheimmediatearea,contacttheapplicableCounty39Coronertoevaluatetheremains,andfollowtheproceduresandprotocolssetforthinSection4015064.5(e)(1)oftheCEQAGuidelines.4142PerHealthandSafetyCode7050.5,uponthediscoveryofhumanremains,thereshallbenofurther43excavationordisturbanceofthesiteoranynearbyareareasonablysuspectedtooverlieadjacent44
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐26 FINAL EIR
remains.IftheapplicableCountyCoronerdeterminesthattheremainsareNativeAmerican,itis1anticipatedthatthecoronerwouldcontacttheNativeAmericanHeritageCommissioninaccordance2withHealthandSafetyCodeSection7050.5(c)andPublicResourcesCode5097.98(asamendedby3AssemblyBill2641).Inaddition,theapplicantshallensurethattheimmediatevicinitywherethe4NativeAmericanhumanremainsarelocatedisnotdamagedordisturbedbyfurtherdevelopment5activityuntiltheapplicanthasdiscussedandconferred,asprescribedinPublicResourcesCode65097.98,withthemostlikelydescendantsregardingtheirrecommendations.78APMCUL‐2:PaleontologicalResourcesManagementPlan(PRMP).SCEshallprepareand9implementaPRMPthatwouldinclude,butnotbelimitedto:preconstructioncoordination;10recommendedmonitoringmethods;emergencydiscoveryprocedures;samplinganddatarecovery11methods,ifneeded;museumstoragecoordinationforanyspecimensanddatarecovered;and12reportingrequirements.ThePRMPwouldalsoprovideforsedimentscreening,fossilpreparation,13curation,andpreparationofareportdetailingtheresultsofthework.Inaddition,thePRMPwould14specifymonitoringrequirementssuchasthepresenceofapaleontologicalmonitorwhenworkis15beingperformedatformationswithhighpaleontologicalsensitivity.Ifveryfewornofossilremains16arefoundduringground‐disturbingactivities,monitoringtimecanbereducedorsuspended17entirely,perrecommendationsofthepaleontologicalfieldsupervisor.1819APMCUL‐3:Aculturalresourcessurveyofthoseareasthatcouldnotbepreviouslyaccessedwould20beconductedpriortothestartofconstruction.Thesesurveyswouldidentifyand/oraddressany21potentialsensitiveculturalresourcesthatmaybeimpactedbytheProject,includingthesubstation22sites,subtransmissionlineandtelecommunicationcableroutes,wirestringinglocations,accessand23spurroads,drillingandcranepads,andstagingyards.24254.5.3.3 Environmental Impacts 2627ImpactCR‐1:Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofahistoricalresource28asdefinedin§15064.5.29LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION3031Constructionactivitiescouldimpactknownandunknownhistoricalresources.Datacollectedfrom32therecordssearchandfromsurveysrevealedthathistoricalresourceshavebeendocumented33withintheproposedprojectarea.Thesurveysalsorecordedthepresenceofpreviouslyunrecorded34sites.WiththeexceptionofculturalresourcesitesCA‐VEN‐58andCA‐SBA‐3587,thesurveys35indicatedthatthepreviouslyrecordedsiteshaveeitherbeendestroyed,orappeartohavebeenthe36subjectofrecordingerrorssuchthattheyareactuallyoutsidetheprojectarea,orarenot37archaeologicalsitesbutfossilshellsites.CA‐VEN‐58islocatedoutsidethealignmentforSegment138andwouldnotbeimpactedbytheproposedproject.CA‐SBA‐3587isinanareaproposedasa39helicopterlandingarea.4041CulturalresourcesitesSBCRP‐1,andSBCRP‐2,SBCRP‐3,andGANDA‐1wererecordedasaresultof42thesurveysfortheproposedproject.SBCRP‐1,SBCRP‐2andSBCRP‐3andhavebeendeterminedto43beineligibleforinclusionontheCRHR.SiteGANDA‐1hasnotbeenevaluatedforeligibility;44however,theprojecthasbeenredesignedtoavoidthesensitiveportionsoftheGANDA‐1site.45CulturalresourcesiteSBCRP‐3wasalsorecordedasaresultofthesurveysfortheproposedproject46andrequiresformalsevaluationforeligibilityforCRHR.SCEBonsall#1waslocatedonasurveyfor47aroadthatisnolongerpartoftheproposedproject(Schmidt2013).It,too,isoutsidethe48alignmentofSegment1andwouldnotbeimpactedbytheproposedproject.Itisimportanttonote49
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐27 FINAL EIR
thatsubstantialportionsoftheprojectarearemainunsurveyed.Itispossiblethatcurrently1unrecordedsitesmayexistintheseunsurveyedareas.TheapplicantwouldimplementAPMCUL‐12andAPMCUL‐3,whichwouldrequiretheapplicanttoconductculturalsurveysforallareasnot3previouslysurveyedandtoavoid,minimize,andmitigateimpactstoculturalresources.Potential4impactstohistoricalresourceswouldremaintobesignificantwiththeimplementationofAPMs.5Implementationofmitigationmeasures(MM)CR‐1throughMMCR‐10,andMMCR‐15would6requiretheapplicanttoconductintensive‐levelculturalresourcessurveys(transectsnogreater7than1510meters)forallareastobedisturbedthathavenotalreadybeensurveyedforcultural8resourcesandsubmitreportsfromsubsequentsurveystotheCPUC;establishbuffersaround9environmentallysensitiveareas;useaqualifiedculturalresourceconsultantforconstruction10monitoring;prepareplanstooutlineprotocolstofollowwhenaculturalresourcescan’tbeavoided,11whennativeAmericanconsultationisneeded,andwhenapreviouslyundiscoveredresourceis12found;andprovideculturalresourcetrainingtoallconstructionworkers.Impactsunderthis13criterionwouldbereducedtolessthansignificantwithmitigation.1415ImpactCR‐2:Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofanarchaeological16resourcepursuantto§15064.5.17LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION1819Impactsonarchaeologicalresourcesfromtheconstructionoftheproposedprojectwouldbesimilar20toimpactsonhistoricalresourcesfromconstructionactivitiesasdescribedunderImpactCR‐1.The21applicantwouldimplementAPMCUL‐1andAPMCUL‐3,whichwouldrequiretheapplicantto22conductculturalsurveysforallareasnotpreviouslysurveyedandtoavoid,minimize,andmitigate23impactstoculturalresources.Potentialimpactstoarchaeologicalresourceswouldremaintobe24significantwiththeimplementationofAPMs.Theimpactswouldbereducedtolessthansignificant25withtheimplementationofMMCR‐1throughMMCR‐10,andMMCR‐15.2627ImpactCR‐3:Directlyorindirectlydestroyauniquepaleontologicalresourceorsiteor28uniquegeologicfeature.29LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION3031Theproposedprojectwouldincludegrounddisturbanceingeologicunitswithhighpotentialto32containpaleontologicalresources(Table4.5‐2)(Table4.5‐4).TheapplicantwouldimplementAPM33CUL‐2,whichwouldrequiretheapplicanttoprepareaPRMPthatwouldoutlinemonitoring,34testing,anddatarecoveryprotocol.However,potentialimpactstopaleontologicalresourcewould35remaintobesignificant.ImplementationofMMCR‐11throughMMCR‐15wouldrequirethe36applicanttopreparethePRMPtomeetadditionalstandardsandsubmittheplantotheCPUCfor37review;useaqualifiedpaleontologicalconsultantforconstructionmonitoring;prepareplansto38outlineprotocolstofollowwhenapreviouslyundiscoveredpaleontologicalresourceisfound;and39providepaleontologicalresourcetrainingtoallconstructionworkers.Impactsunderthiscriterion40wouldbereducedtolessthansignificantwithmitigation.4142ImpactCR‐4:Disturbanyhumanremains,includingthoseinterredoutsideofformal43cemeteries.44LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION4546Areviewofrecordsandfieldstudiesintheproposedprojectareahasrevealedthatpotential47disturbanceofhumanremainsispossible.TheapplicantwouldimplementAPMCUL‐1andAPM48CUL‐3,whichwouldrequiretheapplicanttoconductculturalsurveysforallareasnotpreviously49
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐28 FINAL EIR
surveyedandtoavoid,minimize,andmitigateimpactstohumanremains.Potentialimpactsto1humanremainswouldremaintobesignificantwiththeimplementationofAPMs.Impacttohuman2remainswouldbereducedtolessthansignificantwiththeimplementationofMMCR‐1through3MMCR‐10.454.5.4 Mitigation Measures 67MMCR‐1:AdditionalCulturalResourcesSurveys.Priortoissuanceofconstructionpermits,the8applicantwillensurethatqualifiedarchaeologicalconsultants,asspecifiedintheCultural9ResourcesPlans,willconductintensive‐levelculturalresourcessurveys(transectsnogreaterthan101510meters)forallareastobedisturbedthathavenotalreadybeensurveyedforcultural11resourcesandthat,priortotheproject,hadbeenundisturbed.Reportsthatspecifytheresearch12design,methods,andsurveyresultswillbesubmittedtotheCPUCforreviewandmustbeaccepted13bytheCPUCpriortothestartofgrounddisturbanceintheunsurveyedareas.1415MMCR‐2:AvoidKnownCulturalResources.Priortoconstruction,onacompletesetoffinal16projectconstructionplans,culturalresourcessiteswillbedenotedasEnvironmentallySensitive17AreasbyaCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3).Ifanyproject‐related18constructionorrestorationactivitywilloccurwithin50feetofCA‐VEN‐58,SCEBonsall#1,CA‐SBA‐193587,GANDA‐1,oranyotherknownculturalresourcesite,thesiteswillbedesignatedas20EnvironmentallySensitiveAreas.,Thislistisnotintendedtobeexhaustiveandmaynotincludeall21sitesdenotedasEnvironmentallySensitiveAreasontheprojectplans.Theprojectplanswill22becomeconfidentialandonlybeprovidedtoapprovedculturalresourcesconsultants,Native23Americanmonitorsapprovedbyatribe(MMCR‐5)formonitoringduringprojectconstruction(if24applicable),andtheapplicant’sEnvironmentalCoordinatorsandconstructionsupervisors.ACPUC25culturalresourcesspecialistwillapprovethedemarkedplanspriortostartofconstruction.2627Priortothestartofconstructionactivitieswithin100feetofculturalresources,temporaryfencing28orsignagewillbeerected,asfeasible,withtheapprovaloftheCPUC.Thetemporaryfencingor29signagewillbeinstalledbyorunderthedirectsupervisionofaqualifiedarchaeologist.Fencingor30signagewillestablisha50‐footbuffer(atminimum)fromtheboundaryoftheculturalresourcesite.31Ifsignsareerected,signagewillnotindicatethatanEnvironmentallySensitiveAreacontains32culturalresources.AllEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaswillbeavoidedthroughoutconstruction33andrestorationoftheproposedprojecttothemaximumextentfeasible.Ifa50‐footbuffercannot34beestablishedortheareascannotbeavoided,noworkwillbeconductedintheareauntilaCPUC‐35approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3)inspectstheculturalresources.TheCPUC‐36approvedculturalresourcesconsultantwillcommunicatethefindingstotheSCEarchaeologistwho37willmakeapreliminarydeterminationregardingwhetherfurtherinvestigationisrequired.SCEwill38thensubmittheirrecommendationtotheCPUCfortheCPUC’sapproval.IfeitherSCE’scultural39resourcesconsultantortheCPUC’sculturalresourcesconsultantdeterminesthatfurther40investigationisrequired,workwillnotbeconductedintheareauntiltestingandevaluation41(MMCR‐8)and,ifnecessary,datarecovery(MMCR‐9)arecompleted.Onceconstructionin42proximitytotheEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaiscomplete,thetemporaryfencingorsignagewill43beremoved.4445AllculturalresourceslocatedwithinoradjacenttoEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaswillbe46protectedbytemporaryfencingpriortothestartofconstructionactivitieswithin100feetofthe47areas.AllEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaswillbeavoidedthroughoutconstructionandrestoration48oftheproposedprojecttothemaximumextentfeasible.Iftheareascannotbeavoided,noworkwill49
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐29 FINAL EIR
beconductedintheareauntilaCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3)inspects1theculturalresourcesanddetermineswhetherfurtherinvestigationisrequired.Iffurther2investigationisrequired,workwillnotbeconductedintheareauntiltestingandevaluation(MM3CR‐8)anddatarecovery(MMCR‐9),ifnecessary,arecompleted.Thetemporaryfencingwillbe4installedbyorunderthedirectsupervisionofaqualifiedarchaeologist.Thefencingwillsurround5thesite,leavinga50‐footbuffer(atminimum).Nosignswillbeplacedthatindicatean6EnvironmentallySensitiveAreacontainsculturalresources.Thetemporaryfencingwillberemoved7onceconstructioninproximitytotheEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaiscomplete.89MMCR‐3:QualifiedCulturalResourcesConsultants.Theapplicantwillretaintheservicesof10qualifiedprofessional(CPUC‐approved)culturalresourcesconsultantswhomeetorexceedtheU.S.11SecretaryoftheInteriorqualificationstandardsforprofessionalarchaeologistspublishedin3612CodeofFederalRegulations61andwhohaveexperienceworkinginthejurisdictionstraversedby13componentsoftheproposedprojectsufficienttoidentifythefullrangeofculturalresourcesthat14maybefoundintheproposedprojectarea.Theconsultantswillalsohaveknowledgeofthecultural15historyoftheproposedprojectarea.Theresumesandsupportinginformationforeachcultural16resourcesconsultantwillbesubmittedtotheCPUCforapproval.Atleastonequalifiedcultural17resourcesconsultantmustbeapprovedbytheCPUCpriortostartofconstruction.1819MMCR‐4:CulturalResourcesPlans.Priortoconstruction,theapplicantwillsubmitCultural20ResourcesPlansfortherespectiveprojectcomponents,preparedbytheapprovedconsultant(s)21(MMCR‐3)forreviewandapprovalbytheCPUC.ThefinalCulturalResourcesPlansshallbe22implemented,asspecified,throughoutconstructionandrestoration.Theseplanswilladdress23culturalresourceseligiblefortheCRHRthatcannotbepreservedbyavoidanceandtoidentifyareas24wheremonitoringofearth‐disturbingactivitiesisrequired.Themonitoringplanshallinclude,ata25minimum:2627
Alistofpersonneltowhomtheplanapplies.28
Requirements,asnecessary,andplansforcontinuedNativeAmericaninvolvementand29outreach,includingparticipationofNativeAmericanmonitorsduringground‐disturbing30activitiesasdeterminedappropriate.31
Briefidentificationanddescriptionofthegeneralrangeoftheresourcesthatmaybe32encountered.33
Identificationoftheelementsofasitethatwillleadtoitmeetingthedefinitionofacultural34resourcerequiringprotectionandmitigation.35
Identificationanddescriptionofresourcemitigationthatwillbeundertakenifrequired.36
Descriptionofmonitoringproceduresthatwilltakeplaceforeachprojectcomponentarea37asrequired.38
Descriptionofhowoftenmonitoringwilloccur(e.g.,full‐time,parttime,spotchecking).39
Descriptionofthecircumstancesthatwillresultinthehaltingofworkandastatementthat40eitherthearchaeologicalmonitorortheNativeAmericanMonitorisauthorizedtocallfor41worktobestopped.42
Descriptionoftheproceduresforhaltingworkandnotificationproceduresforconstruction43crews.44
Testingandevaluationproceduresforresourcesencountered.45
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐30 FINAL EIR
Descriptionofproceduresforcuratinganycollectedmaterials.1
Reportingprocedures.2
Contactinformationforthosetobenotifiedorreportedto.34MMCR‐5:NativeAmericanConsultationandParticipationPlanning.Priortoconstruction,the5applicantwillprovideevidencetotheCPUCthattribesrequestingconsultationwiththeapplicant6regardingtheprojectdesignandimpactsonculturalresourceswereconsulted.Inaddition,the7applicantwillprovideevidencetotheCPUCthattribesthathaveexpressedinterestintheproject8duringanyphase(i.e.,projectapplicationthroughendofconstructionandrestoration)aregiven9theopportunitytoparticipateinadditionalculturalresourcessurveys(MMCR‐1)andcultural10resourcesmonitoringwhenperformedbyaCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐113).1213Tooutlinetheexpecteddutiesandresponsibilitiesofallpartiesinvolved,theapplicantandaCPUC‐14approvedculturalresourcesconsultantwillsubmitaNativeAmericanParticipationPlanpriorto15construction.ThefinalNativeAmericanParticipationPlanshallbeimplemented,asspecified,16throughoutconstructionandrestoration.Tribesthathaveexpressedinterestintheprojectpriorto17constructionwillbegiventheopportunitytoparticipateindevelopmentoftheplan.Atminimum,18theplanwillspecifythat:1920
NativeAmericanmonitors,ifapprovedbyatribe,areexpectedtoparticipateinworker21environmentalawarenessandhealthandsafetytrainingandfollowallhealthandsafety22protocols.23
AttendancebyNativeAmericanmonitorsduringconstructionandrestorationoftheproject24isatthediscretionofthetribe,andtheabsenceofaNativeAmericanmonitor,shouldthe25tribeschoosetoforgomonitoringforsomereason,willnotdelaywork.26
TheNativeAmericanmonitorswillhavetheabilitytonotifyaCPUC‐approvedcultural27resourcesconsultantwhohastheauthoritytotemporarilystopwork(MMCR‐7)iftheyfind28aculturalresourcethatmayrequirerecordationandevaluation.29
InterpretationofafindwillberequestedfromNativeAmericanmonitorswillhavethe30opportunitytoprovideinterpretationoninvolvedwiththediscovery,evaluation,ordata31recoveryofunanticipatedfindsforinclusioninthefinalCulturalResourcesReport(MMCR‐3210).33
ThetribesinvolvedwithpreparationoftheNativeAmericanParticipationPlanwillbegiven34theopportunitytoparticipateinthedevelopmentofTestingandEvaluationPlans(MMCR‐358)andDataRecoveryPlans(MMCR‐9)ifthedevelopmentoftheseplansisrequired.36
NativeAmericanmonitorsapprovedbyatribeformonitoringworkontheprojectwillbe37notified30dayspriortostartofconstructionofthevariousprojectcomponents.38
TheNativeAmericanmonitorswillbecompensatedfortheirtime.Ifmorethanonetribal39groupwishestoparticipateinthemonitoring,SCE,incoordinationwiththeCPUC,willhelp40facilitateamutuallyagreeableplanforparticipation.willworkoutanagreementforsharing41ofmonitoringcompensation.42
Defineaprocesstoinformtribesofcompletedculturalsurveysandtoprovideacopyofthe43surveytointerestedtribes.44
45
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐31 FINAL EIR
MMCR‐6:ConstructionMonitoring.Priortoconstruction,theapplicantwillretainqualified1archaeologistsasspecifiedintheCulturalResourcesPlans(MMCR‐4)tomonitorculturalresources2mitigationandground‐disturbingactivitiesinculturallysensitiveareasduringconstructionand3restoration.Thearchaeologicalmonitorswillworkunderthesupervisionofthequalifiedcultural4resourcesconsultantunlesstheconsultantservesasmonitor,aswell.Thearchaeologicalmonitors’5credentialsmustbesubmittedtoCPUCforapprovalpriortothenoticetoproceed.Theseareas6includetheQuaternaryalluvium,areasadjacenttositesCA‐SBA‐3587,CA‐VEN‐58,GANDA‐1,and7SCEBonsall#1,andanyotherresourcesidentifiedintheCulturalResourcesPlan.Thequalified8archaeologistswillattendpreconstructionmeetingstoprovidecommentsand/orsuggestions9concerningmonitoringplansanddiscussexcavationplanswithexcavationcontractors.1011MMCR‐7:StopWorkforUnanticipatedCulturalResourcesDiscoveries.Intheeventthat12previouslyunidentifiedculturalresourcesareuncoveredduringimplementationoftheproject,SCE13willensurethatground‐disturbingworkishaltedordivertedfromthediscoverytoanother14locationandwillnotifytheCPUCandtheappropriateauthorities.TheCPUC‐approvedcultural15resourcesconsultantwillinspectthediscoveryanddeterminewhetherfurtherinvestigationis16required.Ifthediscoveryissignificantbutcanbeavoided,andnofurtherimpactswilloccur,the17resourcewillbedocumentedandnofurthereffortwillberequired.Iftheresourceissignificantbut18cannotbeavoided,andmaybesubjecttofurtherimpact,theCPUC‐approvedculturalresources19consultant,inconsultationwithandunderthedirectionofthequalifiedarchaeologist,willevaluate20thesignificanceoftheresourcebasedoneligibilityfortheCRHRorlocalregistersandimplement21appropriatemeasuresinaccordancewiththeCulturalResourcesPlans.2223Ifhumanremainsareencountered,CaliforniaHSCSection7050.5statesthatnofurtherdisturbance24shalloccuruntiltheappropriateCountyCoronerhasmadethenecessaryfindingsastoorigin.25Further,pursuanttoCaliforniaPRCSection5097.98(b),remainsshallbeleftinplaceandfreefrom26disturbanceuntilafinaldecisionastothetreatmentanddispositionhasbeenmade.Ifthe27appropriateCountyCoronerdeterminestheremainstobeNativeAmerican,theNativeAmerican28HeritageCommissionmustbecontactedwithin24hours.TheNativeAmericanHeritage29Commissionmustthenidentifythe“mostlikelydescendant(s)”within48hoursofreceiving30notificationofthediscovery.Themostlikelydescendant(s)shallthenmakerecommendationsand31engageinconsultationsconcerningthetreatmentoftheremainsasprovidedinPRC5097.98.3233MMCR‐8:TestingandEvaluationPlan.Ifanyculturalresourceisdiscoveredduringconstruction34thatcannotbeavoided,workintheareaofthefindwillbeimmediatelyhaltedasspecifiedin35MMCR‐7.ACPUC‐approvedculturalconsultant(MMCR‐3)willdetermineiffurtherinvestigationis36required(MMCR‐7).Ifso,theCPUC‐approvedculturalconsultantwillsubmitaTestingand37EvaluationPlantotheCPUCforapprovalpriortofurtherdisturbanceoftheresource.Thefinal38TestingandEvaluationPlanshallbeimplemented,asspecified,throughoutconstructionand39restoration.Aftertestingandevaluationiscompleted,areportdocumentingtheresultswillbe40submittedtotheCPUC.Ifavoidanceisrecommended,theculturalresourcewillbeavoided,tothe41maximumextentfeasible.Ifavoidanceisnotpossible,aDataRecoveryPlanwillbedevelopedand42implemented(MMCR‐9).4344MMCR‐9:DataRecoveryPlan.Ifavoidanceofaculturalresourcefoundduringproject45constructionthatiseligibleforlistingintheCRHRorlocalregistersoras“unique”archaeological46resourcespursuanttoCEQAisnotfeasible,aCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MM47CR‐3)(asapplicable)willprepareaDataRecoveryPlanthatoutlinestheextentofexcavation,48recovery/salvage,curation,andrecordationthatwilloccur.TheDataRecoveryPlanwillbe49
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐32 FINAL EIR
submittedtotheCPUCforapprovalpriortothestartofanydatarecoverywork.Datarecoverywill1becompletedasspecifiedintheapprovedDataRecoveryPlanpriortocontinuingworkwithinthe2areaofthefind.34MMCR‐10:CulturalResourcesReporting.Priortofinalinspectionafterconstructionofproject5componentshasbeencompleted,theapplicant’squalifiedarchaeologistsasspecifiedintheCultural6ResourcesPlanswillsubmitreportstotheCPUCsummarizingallmonitoringandmitigation7activitiesandconfirmingthatallmitigationmeasureshavebeenimplemented.89MMCR‐11:PaleontologicalMonitoringandTreatmentPlan.Priortostartofconstruction,the10applicantwillsubmitaPaleontologicalMonitoringandTreatmentPlanforeachprojectcomponent11thatispreparedbyaCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant(MMCR‐12)totheCPUCfor12approval.ThisplanwillbeadaptedfromtheSocietyofVertebratePaleontology’sStandard13ProceduresfortheAssessmentandMitigationofAdverseImpactstoPaleontologicalResources14(2010)tospecificallyaddresseachprojectcomponent.Inaddition,theplanwill,atminimum:1516
Includealistofpersonneltowhichtheplanapplies.17
Describethecriteriausedtodeterminewhetheranencounteredresourceissignificantand18ifitshouldbeavoidedorrecovered.19
Identifyconstructionandrestorationimpactareasofmoderatetohighsensitivityfor20encounteringpaleontologicalresourcesandtheshallowestdepthsatwhichthoseresources21maybeencountered.22
Describemethodsofrecovery,preparation,andanalysisofspecimens,finalcurationof23specimensatafederallyaccreditedrepository,dataanalysis,andreporting.24
Identifyareaswithmoderatetohighsensitivityforencounteringpaleontologicalresources25andtheshallowestdepthsatwhichthoseresourcesmaybeencountered.26
Brieflyidentifyanddescribethetypesofpaleontologicalresourcesthatmaybe27encountered.28
Identifytheelementsofasitethatwillleadtoitrequiringprotectionandmitigationand29identifymitigationthatwillapply.30
Describemonitoringproceduresthatwilltakeplaceforeachcomponentoftheprojectthat31requiresmonitoring.32
Describehowoftenmonitoringwilloccur(e.g.,full‐time,parttime,spotchecking),aswellas33thecircumstancesunderwhichmonitoringwillbeincreasedordecreased.34
Describethecircumstancesthatwillresultinthehaltingofwork.35
Describetheproceduresforhaltingworkandnotificationproceduresforconstructionand36restorationcrews.37
Includetestingandevaluationproceduresforresourcesencountered.38
Describeproceduresforcuratinganycollectedmaterials.39
OutlinecoordinationstrategiestoensurethatCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant40(MMCR‐12)conductfull‐timemonitoringofallgradingactivitiesinsedimentsdetermined41tohaveamoderatetohighsensitivity.42
Includereportingprocedures.43
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐33 FINAL EIR
Includecontactinformationforthosetobenotifiedorreportedto.12Forsedimentsofloworundeterminedsensitivity,theplanwillspecifywhatlevelofmonitoringis3necessary.Sedimentswithnosensitivitywillnotrequirepaleontologicalmonitoring.Theplanwill4definespecificconditionsinwhichmonitoringofearthworkactivitiescouldbereducedand/or5depthcriteriaestablishedtotriggermonitoring.Thesefactorswillbedefinedbyanapproved6(MMCR‐12)paleontologist.78MMCR‐12:QualifiedPaleontologicalConsultants.Theapplicantwillretaintheservicesof9qualifiedprofessionalpaleontologicalconsultantswithknowledgeofthelocalpaleontologyandthe10minimumlevelsofexperienceandexpertiseasdefinedbytheSocietyofVertebratePaleontology’s11StandardProceduresfortheAssessmentandMitigationofAdverseImpactstoPaleontological12Resources(2010).Theresumesandsupportinginformationforeachpaleontologicalconsultantwill13besubmittedtotheCPUCforapproval.Atleastonequalifiedpaleontologicalconsultantmustbe14approvedbytheCPUCpriortostartofconstruction.1516MMCR‐13:PaleontologyConstructionMonitoring.BasedonthePaleontologicalMonitoringand17TreatmentPlans,SCEwillconductpaleontologicalmonitoringusingCPUC‐approved18paleontologicalconsultant(MMCR‐12).Thiswillincludemonitoringanyground‐disturbingactivity19duringconstructionandrestorationinareasdeterminedtohavehighpaleontologicalsensitivity20andthathavethepotentialtobeshallowenoughtobeadverselyaffectedbysuchearthworkas21determinedbytheCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant.2223MMCR‐14:StopWorkforUnanticipatedPaleontologicalDiscoveries.Ifpreviouslyunidentified24paleontologicalresourcesareuncoveredduringimplementationoftheproject,theapplicantwill25ensurethatground‐disturbingworkishaltedordivertedfromthediscoverytoanotherlocation.A26CPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultantwillinspectthediscoveryanddeterminewhether27furtherinvestigationisrequired.Ifthediscoveryissignificantbutcanbeavoided,andnofurther28impactswilloccur,theresourcewillbedocumentedintheappropriatepaleontologicalresource29recordsandnofurthereffortwillberequired.Iftheresourceissignificantbutcannotbeavoided30andmaybesubjecttofurtherimpact,theCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant(MMCR‐12)31willevaluatethesignificanceoftheresourceandimplementappropriatemeasuresinaccordance32withthePaleontologicalMonitoringandTreatmentPlans.3334MMCR‐15:CulturalandPaleontologicalResourcesTrainingRequirements.Priortostartof35construction,allconstructionandrestorationpersonnelinvolvedinground‐disturbingactivities36andthesupervisionofsuchactivitieswillundergoworkerenvironmentalawarenesstraining.The37culturalandpaleontologicalresourcestrainingcomponentsofwillbepresentedbyaCPUC‐38approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3)andCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant39(MMCR‐12).Thetrainingwilldescribetheroleofculturalandpaleontologicalresourcesmonitors;40roleofNativeAmericanmonitors(ifapplicable);thetypesofculturalandpaleontologicalresources41thatmaybefoundintheproposedprojectareaandhowtorecognizesuchresources;theprotocols42tobefollowedifculturalorpaleontologicalresourcesarefound,includingcommunication43protocols;andthelawsrelevanttotheprotectionofculturalandpaleontologicalresourcesandthe44associatedpenaltiesforbreakingtheselaws.Additionally,priortoconstruction,CPUC‐approved45culturalandpaleontologicalresourcesconsultantswillmeetwiththeapplicant’sgradingand46excavationcontractorstoprovidecommentsandsuggestionsconcerningmonitoringplansandto47discussexcavationandgradingplans.48
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT
4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
MAY 2015 4.5‐34 FINAL EIR
Thispageintentionallyleftblank.
